411-2021-111
Wireless Networks
DualMode Metrocell
Cell Site Description
411-2021-111 Standard 01.01 June 1996
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Wireless Networks
DualMode Metrocell
Cell Site Description
Product release: DualMode Metrocell
Document release: Standard 01.01
Date: June 1996
Document Number: 411-2021-111
Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks
1996 Northern Telecom
Printed in the United States of America
NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern
Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information
contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use
same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.
Information is subject to change without notice.
DMS, DMS SuperNode, DMS-MSC, DMS-HLR, DMS-100, and MAP are trademarks of Northern Telecom.
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iv
Publication history
June 1996
Standard 01.01
Initial release of document.
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v
Contents
Publication history
iv
ix
About this document
Intended audience for this publication ix
How this publication is organized x
Applicability of this publication x
List of terms
xi
Introduction
1-1
Northern Telecom's DualMode Metrocell 1-1
The 800 MHz cellular band 1-4
Cell Site Configurations
Overview 2-1
Omni configuration 2-1
120° sectorized configuration 2-2
60° sectorized configuration 2-4
2-1
3-1
Cell Site Layouts
Omni cell site configuration 3-1
Control Channel redundancy 3-2
Transmit cabling 3-5
Receive cabling 3-7
Component requirement 3-7
120° STSR cell site configuration 3-8
Control Channel redundancy 3-8
Transmit cabling 3-12
Receive cabling 3-17
Component requirement 3-20
60° STSR cell site connection 3-21
Control Channel redundancy 3-21
Transmit cabling 3-27
Receive cabling 3-33
Component requirement 3-37
DMS-MTX DualMode Metrocell Cell Site Description
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vi Contents
Cell Site Components
Customer Service Operations 4-3
4-1
5-1
Power and Grounding Requirements
Safety requirements 5-1
Power and grounding requirements 5-2
Frame power distribution 5-5
System power protection 5-6
Grounding 5-6
Cable Identification 5-9
Datafilling a Metro Cell Site
Datafill Overview 6-1
6-1
Table CLLI 6-2
Table ACUALM 6-2
Table VCHINV, CCHINV, LCRINV 6-5
Appendices
Appendix A: DualMode Metrocell Cell Site Specifications 7-1
System Configuration 7-1
Radio Frequency 7-1
Audio Interface 7-2
Alarms 7-2
DC Power Requirements 7-3
Power Distribution Requirements 7-3
Mechanical 7-3
Packaging 7-4
Environmental 7-4
Regulatory 7-5
Appendix B: Frequency plans 7-7
N=7 Frequency plan (Band A) 7-7
N=7 Frequency plan (Band B) 7-8
N=4 Frequency plan (Band A) 7-9
N=4 Frequency plan (Band B) 7-9
List of figures
Figure 1-1
Figure 1-2
Figure 1-3
Figure 1-4
Figure 2-1
Figure 2-2
Figure 2-3
Figure 3-1
System architecture of a DualMode Metrocell 1-2
Digital ready cellular product 1-2
Basic components of a DualMode Metrocell 1-3
Channel assignment for 800 MHz cellular systems 1-4
Omni (N=7) frequency reuse plan 2-2
120° (N=7) sectorized frequency reuse plan 2-3
60° (N=4) sectorized frequency reuse plan 2-4
Frame layout of an omni Metrocell with one RF frame (front view) 3-
2
Figure 3-2
Figure 3-3
Block diagram of an omni Metrocell with up to 20 channels in one
RF Frame 3-3
Block diagram of an omni Metrocell with 21 to 24 channels in one
RF Frame 3-4
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Contents vii
Figure 3-4
Figure 3-5
Frame layout of a 120° STSR Metrocell site with one RF frame
(front view) 3-9
Frame layout of a 120° STSR Metrocell site with three RF frames
(front view) 3-9
Figure 3-6
Figure 3-7
Block diagram of a 120° STSR Metrocell using one RF Frame 3-10
Block diagram of a 120° STSR Metrocell using three RF Frames 3-
11
Figure 3-8
Figure 3-9
Frame layout of a 60° STSR Metrocell with two RF frames (front
view) 3-22
Typical frame layout of a 60° STSR Metrocell with four RF frames
(front view) 3-22
Figure 3-10
Figure 3-11
Figure 5-1
Figure 6-1
Figure 6-2
Block diagram of a 60° STSR Metrocell with two RF Frames 3-23
Block diagram of a 60° STSR Metrocell with four RF Frames 3-25
Power distribution for the CE and RF Frames in a Metrocell 5-5
Example of Metro TRU datafill 6-6
Example of Metro ICRM/TRU hardwire configuration 6-7
List of tables
Table 1-1
Table 3-1
Channel designation and frequency assignment 1-5
RF Frame 1 PA to ATC connection for an omni Metrocell with up to
20 channels 3-5
Table 3-2
RF Frame 1 PA to ATC connection for an omni Metrocell with 21
channels or more 3-6
Table 3-3
Table 3-4
Table 3-5
Table 3-6
RMC to splitter connections for an Omni Metrocell 3-7
Component requirement for an omni Metrocell 3-7
PA to ATC connection for a 120° Metrocell with one RF Frame 3-12
PA to ATC connection for a 120° Metrocell with 20 channels or less
per RF frame for one sector 3-13
Table 3-7
Table 3-8
Table 3-9
Table 3-10
Table 3-11
Table 3-12
Table 3-13
Table 3-14
Table 3-15
Table 3-16
Table 3-17
PA to ATC connection for a 120° Metrocell with 21 channels or
more per RF frame for one sector 3-15
RMC to splitter connections for a 120° STSR Metrocell with one RF
Frame 3-17
RMC to splitter connections for a 120° STSR Metrocell with three
RF Frames 3-18
Component requirement for a 120° STSR Metrocell with one RF
Frame 3-20
Component requirement for a 120° STSR Metrocell with three RF
Frames 3-20
PA to ATC connection for a 60° STSR Metrocell using two RF
Frames 3-28
PA to ATC connection for a 60° STSR Metrocell using four RF
Frames 3-30
RMC to splitter connections for a 60° STSR Metrocell with two RF
Frames 3-33
RMC to splitter connections for a 60° STSR Metrocell with four RF
Frames 3-34
Component requirement for a 60° STSR Metrocell with two RF
Frames 3-37
Component requirement for a 60° STSR Metrocell with four RF
Frames 3-37
DMS-MTX DualMode Metrocell Cell Site Description
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viii Contents
Table 4-1
Table 5-1
Table 5-2
Table 6-1
Table 6-2
Table 6-3
Table 6-4
Table 6-5
Major components of a DualMode Metrocell 4-1
Metrocell DC Power performance requirements 5-3
Cable identification - North America 5-9
Datafill differences of the Metrocell from an NT800DR cell 6-1
Trunk requirement for different Metrocell configurations 6-2
MTX Datafill Alarm Points for Metro RF Frame 6-3
MTX Alarm Points Datafill Numbers for Metro RF Frame 6-4
MTX Alarm Points Datafill Numbers for Metro CE Frame
components 6-4
Table 6-6
NT8X47BA Port Numbers for Metro TRU locations 6-5
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ix
About this document
This publication is one of a set of documents that provide Northern Telecom
(Nortel) customers with information and suggestions on the planning and
maintenance of their DualMode Metrocell system. This set of documents
includes the following manuals:
•
DualMode Metrocell Functional Description Manual
— DualMode Metrocell Cell Site Description
— DualMode Metrocell Common Equipment (CE) Frame Description
— DualMode Metrocell Radio Frequency (RF) Frame Description
DualMode Metrocell Planning and Engineering Guidelines
DualMode Metrocell Installation Manual
•
•
•
•
DualMode Metrocell Operation and Maintenance Manual
DualMode Metrocell Troubleshooting Guidelines
The manual suite for the DualMode Metrocell provides information on cell
site configurations, hardware components, planning and installation
procedures, as well as maintenance and troubleshooting methods.
Intended audience for this publication
The intended audience for this set of manuals is the cell site technicians and
the planning engineers who require information in the maintenance and
planning of a DualMode Metrocell. The Functional Description Manual
provides a technical reference foundation for the other documents in the
documentation suite and is written for all.
The Planning and Engineering Guidelines is written for system planning
personnel in implementing new cells or expanding existing cell sites in a
cellular system.
The Operation and Maintenance Manual and the Troubleshooting Guidelines
that provide information on problem recognition and preventive maintenance
are written for cell site technicians to assist them in troubleshooting and
performing their routine work.
DMS-MTX DualMode Metrocell Cell Site Description
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x About this document
The document suite assumes that the reader possesses a basic knowledge of
the cellular system and radio propagation and is familiar with measurement
units incorporated in the system. Therefore, this document will not provide
detailed information on the theory of switching and radio propagation.
How this publication is organized
This publication is organized to present the following information:
•
•
•
an introduction to the DualMode Metrocell Cell Site
the Metrocell cell site configurations; omni, 120° STSR and 60° STSR
the equipment layouts, block diagrams and transmit and receive cabling
for each configuration
•
•
•
the cell site components required for each configuration
the power and grounding requirements for a Metrocell cell site
information on datafilling a Metrocell.
Applicability of this publication
This publication is generically applicable to MTX01 feature functionality, yet
captures some BCS-independent environment and implementation issues.
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xi
List of terms
A-Band
The lower 333 channels (Channel 1 - 333) of the cellular band, normally assigned
to a non-wireline operator in the US and Canada.
The Expanded Spectrum provides 83 more channels, 50 (Channel 667 - 716) in
the A’-Band and 33 (channel 991 - 1023) in the A"-Band.
ACU
Alarm Control Unit. A unit that provides discrete alarm monitoring, reporting and
control functions at the cell site. It concentrates all alarm input points at the cell
site and updates the MTX of any status change over redundant data links.
AMPS
ATC
Advanced Mobile Phone Service. Analog cellular phone service.
AutoTune Combiner. A cavity/isolator combiner featuring an automatic tuning
system which monitors the transmitted RF and automatically tunes itself to that
frequency.
B-Band
The upper 333 channels (Channel 334 - 666) of the cellular band, normally
assigned to a wireline operator in the US and Canada.
The Expanded Spectrum provides 83 more channels (Channel 717 - 799) in the
B’-Band.
BER
Bit Error Rate. The ratio of error bits to the total number of transmitted bits. It is
a measurement of quality of the digital connection.
Carrier (RF)
An unmodulated radio signal. Normally, it is a pure sine wave of steady
frequency, amplitude, and phase.
CCH
Control Channel, sometimes referred to as the Signaling Channel which is always
in use to enable call setup and registration.
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xii List of terms
Cell
By theoretical design, it is the geographical representation of the cellular
coverage area or service area defining both the associated size and shape.
CSM2
dBm
Cell Site Monitor 2. A unit that provides analog testing and monitoring
capabilities at the cell site.
Decibels above a milliwatt. Unit of power measurement popular in wireless
telephony, general telephony, audio, and microwave.
dBW
DCC
Decibels above a watt. Unit of measurement for radio power
Digital Color Code. An identifying code associated with the control channel of
the cellular base transmitter which is used to enhance call processing in the
cellular infrastructure.
DLR
Digital Locate Receiver. The TDMA equivalent of the Locating Channel
Receiver. See LCR.
DMS-MTX
DPA
The acronym for Nortel's family of cellular switches: Digital Multiplex Switch -
Mobile Transmission Exchange.
Dual Power Amplifier. A module which contains two discrete power amplifiers
that provide amplification of the RF signal for the two corresponding Transmit
Receive Units (TRU) on the same TRU/DPA shelf.
DRUM
DualMode Radio Unit Monitor. A test and monitor unit capable of radio
communications with any Voice Channel of the local Transmit Receive Units
(TRU) in the digital mode.
Duplexer
A device that consists of two pass or pass/reject filters configured to provide a
common output port for both transmit and receive frequencies.
DVCC
ES
Digital Verification Color Code. The TDMA equivalent of DCC.
Expanded Spectrum. The additional frequency spectrum assigned to the cellular
band. The Expanded Spectrum in the A-Band consists of the A’-Band and the A"-
Band while the B’-Band is the Expanded Spectrum for the B-Band. The
Expanded Spectrum provides a total of 416 channels to each of the two bands.
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List of terms xiii
FDMA
Filter
FM
Frequency Division Multiple Access. A frequency assignment arrangement
whereby all users share the total frequency allotment and each frequency is
assigned to a given user at access on a multiple user access basis.
A frequency selective device which is tuned to pass some frequencies and
attenuate others. Common filter types include high-pass, low pass, band-pass,
and notch filters
Frequency Modulation. A modulation technique that causes the frequency of the
carrier to vary above and below its resting frequency; the rate of which is
determined by the frequency of the modulating signal and the deviation of which
is determined by the magnitude of the modulating signal.
Forward path
The path from cell site to cellular subscriber.
HSMO
High Stability Master Oscillator. A unit that provides a highly stable 4.8 MHz
reference for synchronizing the Transmit Receive Unit (TRU).
ICP
Intelligent Cellular Peripheral. A switch site peripheral that provides an interface
between the cell site and the switch. The ICP also oversees the operations of the
cell site.
ICRM
IM
Integrated Cellular Remote Module. A cell site peripheral that serves as an
interface between the Intelligent Cellular Peripheral (ICP) and the radio
transmission subsystems. The ICRM is designed to support both analog and
digital Radio Frequency (RF) equipment.
Intermodulation. A type of interaction between signals in a nonlinear medium
which produces phantom signals at sum and difference frequencies. These
phantom signals may interfere with reception of legitimate signals occupying the
frequencies upon which they happen to fall.
Isolation
LCR
The attenuation (expressed in dB) between any two signal or radiation points.
Locating Channel Receiver. A radio receiver which is frequency agile and is used
to measure and report the received signal strength, in dBm, of a channel.
Loss
A magnitude of attenuation, expressed in dB, for a given path between any two
points.
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xiv List of terms
Modulation
The process of placing information on an RF carrier. The modulation technique
may involve changing the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the carrier
determined by the modulation index.
NES
Non-expanded Spectrum. The frequency spectrum initially assigned to the
cellular band. The Non-expanded Spectrum provides 333 channels to each of the
two bands, the A-Band and the B-Band.
Omni
An antenna design which permits radiation in essentially all H-Plane azimuths.
In cell sites, an Omni configuration means a single set of omni antennas is used
for all channels.
π/4 DQPSK
Variation of Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying used in D_AMPS IS-54
TDMA for improved spectral characteristics and phase resolution. Permissible
phase changes are integral multiples of π/4 radians (45 degrees). π/4 is used to
reduce the peak to root mean square ratio requirements for linear PAs.
Return loss
A logarithmic relationship of the incident signal to the reflected signal as
expressed, in dB, by the following relationship:
P
r
Return Loss = 10 log
P
i
where Pi = incident power in watts
Pr = reflected power in watts
The strength of the signal, expressed in dB, reflected by a load back into a
transmission line due to impedance mismatch. -14 dB corresponds to a VSWR of
1.5:1.
Reverse path
The path from cellular subscriber terminal to cell site.
RF
Radio Frequency. Electromagnetic energy of the frequency range just above the
audible frequencies and extending to visible light.
RIP
Rack Interface Panel. The RIP is the interface between the cell site power supply
and the cell site equipment.
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RMC
RSSI
Receive Multicoupler. A device for amplifying the input received from a single
antenna and providing multiple outputs for a group of receivers.
Received Signal Strength Indicator. A measurement of the received RF signal
strength measured at the base station or the subscriber terminal. It is expressed in
dBm.
SAT
Supervisory Audio Tone. A tone of 5970, 6000, or 6030 Hz which modulates the
AMPS voice channel along with voice audio. It is generated by the cell site and
is repeated by the mobile back to the cell site. The repeated SAT is checked by
the cellular system to confirm the continuity of the complete RF path from the
cell site to the subscriber terminal and back to the cell site.
SCC
SAT Color Code. The datafill values corresponding to the various SATs: 00 for
5970 Hz, 01 for 6000 Hz, 10 for 6030 Hz.
Sector
A theoretical wedge-shaped part of the coverage area of one cell site, served by a
specific group of directional antennas on specific channels.
Sectorization
A cell site configuration that consists of two or more sectors in which a different
control and voice channel assignment is given for each sector. In this
arrangement, the datafill and channel assignments for each sector are tailored to
meet the system operational requirements, providing more flexibility in the cell
site configuration compared to an omni configuration but with a decrease in
trunking efficiency.
Signal (RF)
SINAD
Radio frequency energy associated with a particular or desired frequency.
A standard measurement of detected audio quality that is related to signal-to-
noise plus distortion of the RF signal strength at the receiver input terminal. 12
dB SINAD is the commonly used threshold for receiver sensitivity measurements
to determine the weakest-practical analog RF input, in dBm, required by the
receiver. A SINAD of 20 dB is considered good quality and defines the RF input
level needed to fully quiet the receiver.
S/N
Signal-to-Noise ratio. The ratio of signal power to noise power on a radio
channel.
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xvi List of terms
ST
Signaling Tone. In AMPS cellular, a 10 kHz tone transmitted on the Reverse
Voice Channel (RVC) as a precursor to messaging activity, and for certain call-
processing functions (acknowledgments, call termination). Presence of the tone
mutes normal conversational audio.
STSR
TDMA
Sectored-Transmit/Sectored-Receive. A cell configuration in which a different
control and voice frequency assignment is designated for each sector. A
directional antenna system is required for each sector.
Time Division Multiple Access. A modulation and transmission format that
allows a number of digital conversations (three in TDMA-3) to occur within the
same Radio Frequency (RF) channel. Mobile units take turns transmitting/
receiving data on specific time slots of a TDMA frame.
TRU
Transmit Receive Unit. The TRU is a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) based
transceiver capable of two modes of operation, analog (AMPS) and digital
(TDMA).
VCH
Voice Channel. A Radio Frequency (RF) channel used to transmit cellular voice
conversations. The VCH is also an integral part of call setup, handoff, and
disconnect.
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of the mismatch between the
transmitter source impedance and the load impedance to which it is connected. It
is defined by the following relationship:
Reflected Power
1 +
Forward Power
VSWR =
Reflected Power
1 -
Forward Power
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1-1
1
Introduction
Northern Telecom's DualMode Metrocell
As cellular systems evolve to the digital format, service providers and mobile
subscribers are confronted by a mixture of analog and digital technologies.
Northern Telecom (Nortel)’s dual mode cellular product allows a smooth
transition from analog to digital technology. It uses Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA) technology for digital systems and Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS) technology for analog systems. This evolutionary strategy
enables service providers to gradually upgrade their cellular systems to digital
while providing support of existing analog equipment.
The Nortel cellularsystemsupportingdual mode service includesthe following
components:
•
the DMS-MTX switch containing the Intelligent Cellular Peripheral (ICP)
unit at the mobile switching office
•
dual mode cell sites with the configurable DualMode Radio Units (DRU)
on a Radio Frequency (RF) Frame and the Integrated Cellular Remote
Module (ICRM), on a Common Equipment (CE) Frame at the cell site
•
external and internal interface links.
The Nortel DualMode Metrocell serves as the intelligent interface between a
Digital Multiplex Switch - Mobile Telephone Exchange (DMS-MTX) and its
registered cellular mobiles. It is a dual mode cell that works in both the analog
(AMPS) mode and the digital (TDMA) mode.
The Metrocell is designed for high density, small radius cells in areas where
large traffic capacity is required. It can exist independently or it can be added
to existing cells for increased coverage. The Metrocell provides a reduced
power output for urban applications. The typical power output of the Power
Amplifier (PA) is 22 watts (43.5 dBm).
Figure 1-1 shows the architecture of a DualMode Metrocell system and
Figure 1-2 is a block diagram of the product of the system.
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1-2 Introduction
Figure 1-1
System architecture of a DualMode Metrocell
Trunk
DMS-MTX
PSTN
Digital Transmission
Facility
DualMode
Metrocell
Figure 1-2
Digital ready cellular product
DMS - MTX
DRU
voice &
control
DRUM
CSM2
voice and
control
control
ICRM
ICP
control
ACU
SWITCH SITE
CELL SITE
There are at least two equipment frames in a Metrocell, a Universal Common
Equipment (CE) Frame and a Metro Radio Frequency (RF) Frame. The cell
site can be expanded or sectorized by adding more Metro RF frames as traffic
grows. The number of Metro RF frames is determined by the cell site
configuration and the channel capacity. Figure 1-3 shows the frames and the
components of a DualMode Metrocell.
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Introduction 1-3
Figure 1-3
Basic components of a DualMode Metrocell
Universal CE Frame
Metro RF Frame
RIP
RIP
Duplexer
(one to three)
DRUM
ACU
ATC
HSMO
CSM2
TRU/DPA Shelf
(TRUs & DPAs)
Dual RMC
(one to six)
ATC
TRU/DPA Shelf
(TRUs & DPAs)
ICRM
ATC
TRU/DPA Shelf
(TRUs & DPAs)
Blank Panel
Base
Base
Legend:
RIP
Rack Interface Panel
DRUM
ACU
HSMO
CSM2
RMC
ICRM
ATC
DualMode Radio Unit Monitor
Alarm Control Unit
High Stability Master Oscillator
Cell Site Monitor 2
Receive Multicoupler
Integrated Cellular Remote Module
AutoTune Combiner
TRU
DPA
Transmit Receive Unit
Dual Power Amplifier
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1-4 Introduction
The 800 MHz cellular band
In an 800 MHz North American cellular system, a frequency spectrum of 50
MHz is available for service. Operating from 824 to 894 MHz, including the
expanded spectrum, the system conforms to the AMPS IS-54 protocol.
Typically this range is divided into 832 radio frequency (RF) channelsT.he 832
RF channels are divided into two bands,A and B. The two bands are identified
as follows:
•
•
Band A—for Non-Wireline Operators
Band B—for Wireline Operators.
Each frequency band has 416 RF channels. Of these 416 RF channels,
typically 21 (depending on the frequency plan) are assigned as the Control
Channels (CCH) and the remaining 395 are Voice Channels (VCH). See
Figure 1-4 and Table 1-1.
Figure 1-4
Channel assignment for 800 MHz cellular systems
Base Station Frequency (MHz)
835
RX 824 825
TX 869 870
835 846.5 849 851
890 891.5 894 896
A-Band CCH
B-Band CCH
880
A"
A
B
A'
B'
R
Band
991 1
1023
333
716
799
R=Reserved
666
Channel Number
Channel assignment
Band A (416 channels) Band B (416 channels)
Control channels
313 - 333 (21)
688 - 708 (21)
334 - 354 (21)
737 - 757 (21)
Optional—TDMA secondary
control channels
Voice channels
001 - 312 (312)
667 - 716 (50)
991 - 1023 (33)
355 - 666 (312)
717 - 799 (83)
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Introduction 1-5
Table 1-1
Channel designation and frequency assignment
System
Channel
Cell site receive
frequency (MHz)
Cell site transmit
frequency (MHz)
Not used
990
824.010
869.010
A"
A
991 - 1023
1 - 333
824.040 - 825.000
825.030 - 834.990
835.020 - 844.980
845.010 - 846.480
846.510 - 848.970
869.040 - 870.000
870.030 - 879.990
880.020 - 889.980
890.010 - 891.480
891.510 - 893.970
B
334 - 666
667 - 716
717 - 799
A’
B’
The relationship between the channel number (N) and the frequency is:
Channel number: 1 ≤ N ≤ 799
Receiver frequency (in MHz) = 0.03N + 825.000
Transmit frequency (in MHz) = 0.03N +870.000
Channel number: 990 ≤ N ≤ 1023
Receiver frequency (in MHz) = 0.03(N - 1023) + 825.000
Transmit frequency (in MHz) = 0.03(N - 1023) + 870.000
Both non-expanded and expanded spectrums are shown in Appendix B for the
N=7 and N=4 frequency groups.
Important
For ALL Metrocell cell site configurations, the frequency
plan used should have a minimum of 21 channel spacing
(630 kHz) between the RF channels.
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1-6 Introduction
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2-1
2
Cell Site Configurations
Overview
The DualMode Metrocell can be configured in the following ways:
•
•
•
Omni-directional transmit/receive
120° Sectored Transmit Sectored Receive (STSR)
60° Sectored Transmit Sectored Receive (STSR)
The majority of systems may begin as Omni-directional to minimize startup
costs. As the subscriber traffic increases, the Omni configuration may reach
its maximum traffic capacity. At that time it will be necessary to provide
additional capacity through expanded spectrum, 120 degree sectorization, 60
degree sectorization, or frequency borrowing.
It is important that the operator selects a frequency plan before the Omni
configuration is installed. If not, future expansions will be very difficult. The
most common frequency plans are:
•
7 Cell Cluster (N=7)—This frequency plan allows proper expansion from
Omni to 120 degree sectorization (see Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2).
•
4 or 12 Cell Cluster (N=4 or N=12)—This frequency plan allows proper
expansion from Omni to 60 degree sectorization (see Figure 2-3).
Both non-expanded and expanded spectrums are shown in Appendix B for the
N=7 and N=4 frequency groups.
Omni configuration
In an Omni (N=7) configuration, the 416 RF channels are divided among a
group of seven cells (often known as a cluster). Each cell consists of a
maximum of 59 or 60 RF channels (four cells with 59 channels and three cells
with 60 channels, where three of the 59 or 60 channels are Control channels).
The RF channels are reused by other cell clusters. Frequency reuse refers to
the use of RF channels on the same carrier frequency in different areas which
are separated from one another by the greatest possible distance so that co-
channel interference is minimized.
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2-2 Cell Site Configurations
Figure 2-1 shows the layout of an Omni (N=7) frequency reuse plan;. The RF
channels used in Cell 1 of a cluster are reused in Cell 1 of other clusters,
channels in Cell 2 are reused in Cell 2 of other clusters and so on.
Figure 2-1
Omni (N=7) frequency reuse plan
CELL 6
CELL 5
CELL 4
CELL 6
CELL 1
CELL 3
CELL 7
CELL 2
CELL 5
CELL 4
CELL 1
CELL 6
CELL 3
CELL 7
CELL 2
CELL 7
CELL 1
CELL 2
CELL 5
CELL 4
CELL 3
120° sectorized configuration
In a 120° (N=7) sectorized configuration, the 416 RF channels are divided
among a cluster of seven cells. Each cell contains a maximum of 59 or 60 RF
channels, with three Control channels for each cell. Since each cell is further
divided into three sectors, each sector will contain a maximum of 19 or 20 RF
channels, with one Control channel for each sector. The available RF
channels are reused by other groups of cells within the system.
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Cell Site Configurations 2-3
Figure 2-2 shows the layout of a 120° (N=7) sectorized frequency reuse plan.
The RF channels used in Cell 1 of a cluster are reused in Cell 1 of other
clusters, channels in Cell 2 are reused in Cell 2 of other clusters and so on.
This arrangement will have the RF channels using the same carrier frequency
in different areas to be separated from one another by the greatest possible
distance to minimize co-channel interference.
However, sectorization (by virtue of the modified coverage areas and
directional antenna usage) permits greater reuse of frequencies for a given
C/I ratio.
Figure 2-2
120° (N=7) sectorized frequency reuse plan
Sector
X
Sector
Z
CELL 6
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 5
CELL 7
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
CELL 1
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 2
CELL 4
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 3
CELL 6
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 6
CELL 7
CELL 5
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 5
CELL 1
CELL 7
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 1
CELL 2
CELL 4
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
CELL 4
CELL 2
CELL 3
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Z
CELL 3
Sector
Y
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2-4 Cell Site Configurations
60° sectorized configuration
In a 60° (N=4) sectorized configuration, the 416 RF channels are divided
among a group of four cells. Each cell contains a maximum of 104 RF
channels, with six Control channels for each cell. Since each cell is further
divided into six sectors, each sector will contain a maximum of 16 or 17 RF
channels, with one Control channels for each sector. The RF channels are
reused by other groups of cells.
Figure 2-3 shows the layout of a 60° (N=4) sectorized frequency reuse plan.
The RF channels used in Cell 1 of a cluster are reused in Cell 1 of other
clusters, channels in Cell 2 are reused in Cell 2 of other clusters and so on.
This arrangement will have the RF channels on the same carrier frequency in
different areas to be separated from one another by the greatest possible
distance so that co-channel interference is minimized.
However, 60° sectorization is difficult to expand and optimize due to a more
demanding environment of frequency re-use.
Figure 2-3
60° (N=4) sectorized frequency reuse plan
Sector
X
Sector
Y
Sector
W
CELL 2
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
W
CELL 1
CELL 3
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
U
Sector
Y
CELL 4
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
W
Sector
U
CELL 2
CELL 2
Sector
V
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Z
Sector
V
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
W
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
Sector
U
Sector
W
CELL 3
CELL 1
CELL 1
CELL 3
Sector
V
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Z
Sector
W
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
U
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
U
Sector
Y
CELL 4
CELL 4
CELL 2
Sector
V
Sector
X
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
U
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
Y
CELL 1
CELL 3
Sector
X
Sector
V
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
Z
Sector
U
Sector
W
Sector
Y
Sector
U
CELL 4
Sector
V
Sector
Z
Sector
U
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3-1
3
Cell Site Layouts
This chapter provides information on the layout and cabling of the different
DualMode Metrocell configurations.
Important
For ALL Metrocell cell site configurations, the frequency
plan used should have a minimum of 21 channel spacing
(630 kHz) between the channels in one RF Frame.
Note: The DualMode Metrocell supports only Transmit Receive Units
(TRU) with Product Engineering Code (PEC) NTAX98AA. No other
radios can be used. The NTAX98AA TRU supports full digital and analog
transmissions in accordance with IS-54 and IS-41 standards.
Omni cell site configuration
The Metrocell in an omni configuration uses at least two equipment frames,
one CE Frame and one RF frame (see Figure 3-1). With only one RF frame,
the maximum number of Voice Channels (VCH) supported by the cell site is
22 since two of the 24 TRUs have to be assigned as the Control Channel
(CCH) and the Locate Channel Receiver (LCR). As traffic grows, four
additional RF frames can be added to the site to accommodate up to a
maximum of 120 channels, including the CCH and the LCR.
An RF Frame with up to 20 channels requires only one duplexer in the RF
Frame and one TX/RX antenna. The outputs of the three AutoTune
Combiners (ATC) are combined through one phasing transformer (located at
ATC 2) and then connected to Duplexer position 2. This configuration
requires a RX only antenna for the diversity receive function of the cell. See
Figure 3-2.
An RF Frame with 21 channels or more requires two duplexers in the RF
Frame and two TX/RX antennas. The outputs of the lower and middle ATCs
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3-2 Cell Site Layouts
(ATC 1 and ATC 2) are combined through one phasing transformer (located at
ATC 2) and then connected to Duplexer position 2 and the main TX/RX
Antenna. The output of the upper ATC (ATC 3) is connected to Duplexer
position 3 and the diversity TX/RX Antenna. This arrangement is used to
meet the requirement of a minimum of 21 channel spacing (630 kHz)
between the channels in one RF Frame. This configuration requires a TX/RX
antenna to perform the diversity receive function of the cell. See Figure 3-3.
Control Channel redundancy
Control Channel (CCH) redundancy is commonly provided with a Locate
Channel Receiver (LCR) backup. The CCH is assigned to position 1 on the
TRU/DPA Shelf 1 and the LCR is assigned to position 4 on the same shelf.
This arrangement will have the CCH and the LCR supplied on a different DC
power feed and a TCM card. No RF coaxial switch is required since the
cavity of the LCR position on the ATC will tune to the CCH frequency when
backup is required.
Figure 3-1
Frame layout of an omni Metrocell with one RF frame (front view)
CE Frame
RF Frame 1
RF RIP
Duplexer Duplexer Duplexer
CE RIP
DRUM
Position 3 Position 2 Position 1
ACU
ATC 3
HSMO
DPA DPA
11 12
CSM2
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
RMC 1
DPA DPA
9
10
ATC 2
Blank Panel
ICRM
DPA DPA
7
8
TRU/DPA
Shelf 2
DPA DPA
5
6
ATC 1
DPA DPA
3
4
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
Blank Panel
Base
DPA DPA
1
2
Base
Note: For a frame with up to 20 channels, only one duplexer (located in
position 2) is required.
For a frame with 21 channels or more, two duplexers (located in
positions 2 and 3) are required.
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Cell Site Layouts 3-3
Figure 3-2
Block diagram of an omni Metrocell with up to 20 channels in one RF Frame
RF Frame 1
(Note 1)
See Table 3-3 for
RMC/TRU Shelf connection
Antenna
(Main
receive)
A1
A2
A3
TX
Control Channel
(Note 2)
Duplexer
Position 2
RX
ANT
A8
DPA 1
Antenna
(Diversity
receive)
B1
B2
B3
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
ATC 1
B8
DPA 4
See Table 3-1 for
PA/ATC connection
DPA 5
Notes:
ATC 2
TRU/DPA
1. For diagram clarity, only one RF Frame is
shown. Other RF Frames with 20 channels
or less are connected and operated
Shelf 2
identically to that of RF Frame 1.
2. TRU1 at TRU/DPA Shelf 1 of RF Frame 1 is
assigned as the CCH and TRU4 at the same
shelf is assigned as the backup CCH.
DPA 8
DPA 9
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
ATC 3
DPA 10
CE Frame
ICRM
HSMO
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3-4 Cell Site Layouts
Figure 3-3
Block diagram of an omni Metrocell with 21 to 24 channels in one RF Frame
See Table 3-3 for
RMC/TRU Shelf connection
RF Frame 1
(Note 1)
Antenna
(Main
receive)
A1
A2
A3
TX
Control Channel
(Note 2)
Duplexer
Position 2
RX
ANT
A8
DPA 1
Antenna
(Diversity
receive)
B1
B2
B3
TX
RX Duplexer ANT
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
Position 3
ATC 1
B8
DPA 4
DPA 5
See Table 3-2 for
PA/ATC connection
Notes:
ATC 2
TRU/DPA
1. For diagram clarity, only one RF Frame is
shown. Other RF Frames with 21 channels
or mor are connected and operated
Shelf 2
identically to that of RF Frame 1.
2. TRU1 at TRU/DPA Shelf 1 of RF Frame 1 is
assigned as the CCH and TRU4 at the same
shelf is assigned as the backup CCH.
DPA 8
DPA 9
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
ATC 3
DPA 12
CE Frame
ICRM
HSMO
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Cell Site Layouts 3-5
Transmit cabling
In the transmit path, the output of each Transmit Receive Unit (TRU) is
connected to the input of each corresponding power amplifier (PA) on the
Dual Power Amplifier (DPA) module. The output of each power amplifier
(PA) is input to an 8-channel AutoTune Combiner (ATC).
The output of the ATC is connected to the Transmit (TX) port of the duplexer.
For RF Frames using more than one ATC, the outputs of the ATCs are
combined together and connected to the TX port of the duplexer. The
duplexer serves as the interface between the antenna system and the RF
frame. Table 3-1 lists the connection between the PAs and the ATC for an RF
Frame with up to 20 channels. Table 3-2 lists the connection between the PAs
and the ATC for an RF Frame with 21 channels or more.
Table 3-1
RF Frame 1 PA to ATC connection for an omni Metrocell with up to 20 channels
From
Through
ATC1 - Port 1
To
DPA 1 - Port1 (CCH)
DPA 1 - Port2
DPA 2 - Port1
DPA 2 - Port2 (LCH)
DPA 3 - Port1
DPA 3 - Port2
DPA 4 - Port1
DPA 4 - Port2
DPA 5 - Port1
DPA 5 - Port2
DPA 6 - Port1
DPA 6 - Port2
DPA 7 - Port1
DPA 7 - Port 2
DPA 8 - Port1
DPA 8 - Port 2
DPA 9 - Port1
DPA 9 - Port 2
DPA 10 - Port1
DPA 10 - Port2
ATC1 - Port 2
ATC1 - Port 3
ATC1 - Port 4
ATC1 - Port 5
ATC1 - Port 6
ATC1 - Port 7
ATC1 - Port 8
ATC2 - Port 1
ATC2 - Port 2 Duplexer
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
ATC Shelf 1
Antenna
(Main receive)
Position 2
ATC2 - Port 3
TRU/DPA
Shelf 2
ATC Shelf 2
ATC2 - Port 4
ATC2 - Port 5
ATC2 - Port 6
ATC2 - Port 7
ATC2 - Port 8
ATC3 - Port 1
ATC3 - Port 2
ATC3 - Port 3
ATC3 - Port 4
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
ATC Shelf 3
Note: Additional RF Frames with 20 channels or less are connected to
their respective TX/RX antennas in the same way as RF Frame 1.
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3-6 Cell Site Layouts
Table 3-2
RF Frame 1 PA to ATC connection for an omni Metrocell with 21 channels or more
From
Through
ATC1 - Port 1
To
DPA 1 - Port1 (CCH)
DPA 1 - Port2
DPA 2 - Port1
DPA 2 - Port2 (LCH)
DPA 3 - Port1
DPA 3 - Port2
DPA 4 - Port1
DPA 4 - Port2
DPA 5 - Port1
DPA 5 - Port2
DPA 6 - Port1
DPA 6 - Port2
DPA 7 - Port1
DPA 7 - Port 2
DPA 8 - Port1
DPA 8 - Port 2
DPA 9 - Port1
DPA 9 - Port 2
DPA 10 - Port1
DPA 10 - Port2
DPA 11 - Port1
DPA 11 - Port 2
DPA 12 - Port1
DPA 12 - Port2
ATC1 - Port 2
ATC1 - Port 3
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
ATC Shelf 1
ATC Shelf 2
ATC Shelf 3
ATC1 - Port 4
ATC1 - Port 5
ATC1 - Port 6
ATC1 - Port 7
ATC1 - Port 8 Duplexer
Antenna
(Main receive)
Position 2
ATC2 - Port 1
ATC2 - Port 2
ATC2 - Port 3
ATC2 - Port 4
ATC2 - Port 5
ATC2 - Port 6
ATC2 - Port 7
ATC2 - Port 8
ATC3 - Port 1
ATC3 - Port 2
ATC3 - Port 3
ATC3 - Port 4 Duplexer
TRU/DPA
Shelf 2
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
Antenna
(Diversity
receive)
Position 3
ATC3 - Port 5
ATC3 - Port 6
ATC3 - Port 7
ATC3 - Port 8
Note: Additional RF Frames with 21 channels or more are connected to
their respective TX/RX antennas in the same way as RF Frame 1.
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Cell Site Layouts 3-7
Receive cabling
In the reverse path, the receive signal from the main antenna is connected to
the A-input of the Receive Multicoupler (RMC) through the receive port of
the duplexer. The diversity antenna connects directly to the B-input of the
RMC. Distribution of the reverse path frequencies is accomplished by RF
splitters within each RF frame.
Table 3-3 shows the connection between the RMC and the splitters.
Table 3-3
RMC to splitter connections for an Omni Metrocell
From
Through
To
Splitter 1
Main antenna
RMC 1A - A1
RMC 1B - B1
RMC 1A - A2
RMC 1B - B2
RMC 1A - A3
RMC 1B - B3
TRU Shelf 1
TRU Shelf 1
TRU Shelf 2
TRU Shelf 2
TRU Shelf 3
TRU Shelf 3
Diversity antenna
Main antenna
Splitter 4
Splitter 1
Splitter 4
Splitter 1
Splitter 4
Diversity antenna
Main antenna
Diversity antenna
Component requirement
Table 3-4 lists the components required for a Metrocell with one to five RF
Frames. An omni cell site requires only one Receive Multicoupler (RMC).
Table 3-4
Component requirement for an omni Metrocell
No. of RF
Frames
No. of
TRUs
No. of
ATCs
Duplexer
per frame
ICRM TCM
Port cards
No. of
antennas
Configuration
with up to 20
channels per
RF Frame
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
3 to 20
21 to 40
41 to 60
61 to 80
81 to 100
3 to 24
1 to 3
4 to 6
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
6
6
8
2
4
6
6
8
1 TX/RX, 1 RX
2 TX/RX
7 to 9
2 TX/RX, 1 TX
2 TX/RX, 2 TX
2 TX/RX, 3 TX
2 TX/RX
10 to 12
13 to 15
1 to 3
Configuration
with up to 24
channels per
RF Frame
25 to 48
49 to 72
73 to 96
97 to 120
4 to 6
2 TX/RX, 2 TX
2 TX/RX, 4 TX
2 TX/RX, 6 TX
2 TX/RX, 8 TX
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 15
Note: An additional TCM port card is required for the DRUM, the ACU
and the CSM2.
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3-8 Cell Site Layouts
120° STSR cell site configuration
The Metrocell in a 120° STSR configuration uses at least two equipment
frames, one CE Frame and one RF frame (see Figure 3-4). Each TRU/DPA
Shelf and its associated ATC on the RF frame support one of the three sectors.
With only one RF frame, the maximum number of Voice Channels (VCH)
supported by each sector is six since two of the eight TRUs on the TRU shelf
have to be assigned as the Control Channel (CCH) and the Locate Channel
Receiver (LCR). A 120° STSR Metrocell with one RF Frame requires six
antennas; one TX/RX antenna and one RX only antenna for each sector (see
Figure 3-6). As traffic grows, two additional RF frames can be added to
accommodate more VCHs (see Figure 3-5).
A 120° STSR Metrocell with three RF Frames requires six antennas. It may
be three TX/RX antennas and three RX only antennas or six TX/RX antennas
depending on the number of channels in each RF Frame. An RF Frame with
20 channels or less in one sector requires one duplexer in the RF Frame and
one TX/RX antennas for that sector. The outputs of the three combiners are
combined through one phasing transformer (located at ATC 2) and connected
to Duplexer position 2 in that RF Frame. The output of the duplexer is then
connected to the main TX/RX Antenna of that sector).
An RF Frame with 21 channels or more in one sector requires two duplexers
in the RF Frame and two TX/RX antennas for that sector. The outputs of ATC
1 and ATC 2 are combined through one phasing transformer (located at ATC
2) and connected to Duplexer position 2 in that RF Frame. The output of the
duplexer is then connected to main TX/RX Antenna of that sector. The output
of ATC 3 is connected to Duplexer position 3 and then to the diversity TX/RX
Antenna of that sector. This arrangement is used to meet the requirement of a
minimum of 21 channel spacing (630 kHz) between the channels in one RF
Frame. Figure 3-5 shows the frame layout and Figure 3-7 shows the block
diagram of a 120° STSR Metrocell with three RF Frames.
Control Channel redundancy
Control Channel (CCH) redundancy is commonly provided with a Locate
Channel Receiver (LCR) backup. With one RF Frame, the CCH of each
sector is assigned to position 1 on the TRU/DPA Shelf of that sector and the
LCR is assigned to position 4 on the same shelf. With three RF Frames, the
CCH of each sector is assigned to position 1 on TRU/DPA Shelf 1 of that
sector and the LCR is assigned to position 4 on the same shelf. This
arrangement will have the CCH and the LCR supplied on a different DC
power feed and a TCM card. No RF coaxial switch is required since the
cavity of the LCR position on the ATC will tune to the CCH frequency when
backup is required.
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Cell Site Layouts 3-9
Figure 3-4
Frame layout of a 120° STSR Metrocell site with one RF frame (front view)
CE Frame
RF Frame 1
RF RIP
CE RIP
Duplexer Duplexer Duplexer
Position 3 Position 2 Position 1
(Sector Z) (Sector Y) (Sector X)
DRUM
ATC 3
(Sector Z)
ACU
HSMO
DPA DPA
TRU/DPA
Shelf 3
(Sector Z)
CSM 2
11
12
RMC 1 (Sector X)
RMC 2 (Sector Y)
RMC 3 (Sector Z)
DPA DPA
10
9
ATC 2
(Sector Y)
Blank Panel
DPA DPA
TRU/DPA
Shelf 2
(Sector Y)
7
8
DPA DPA
5
6
ICRM
ATC 1
(Sector X)
DPA DPA
TRU/DPA
Shelf 1
(Sector X)
3
4
Blank Panel
Base
DPA DPA
1
2
Base
Figure 3-5
Frame layout of a 120° STSR Metrocell site with three RF frames (front view)
RF Frame 1
(Sector X)
RF Frame 2
(Sector Y)
RF Frame 3
(Sector Z)
CE Frame
RF RIP
RF RIP
RF RIP
CE RIP
Duplexer Duplexer Duplexer
Duplexer Duplexer Duplexer
Duplexer Duplexer Duplexe
DRUM
Position 3 Position 2 Position 1
Position 3 Position 2 Position 1
Position 3 Position 2 Position 1
ACU
ATC 3
ATC 3
ATC 3
HSMO
DPA DPA
DPA DPA
11 12
DPA DPA
CSM 2 |