WAN Probe Kit
Installation & Quick Start Guide
August 2003
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i
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ii WAN Probe Kit Quick Start and Installation Guide
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Installation Overview ............................................................................................ 1
Unpacking and Inspecting the Parts .................................................................... 2
WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams ........................................................ 4
Installing the Interface Cards ............................................................................. 10
WAN and 10/100 Driver Installation: Windows XP ...................................... 18
Starting the Configuration Utility .................................................................. 23
TAP Status LEDs and Switches ......................................................................... 24
Digital T1/E1 TAP ........................................................................................ 25
Digital DS3/E3 TAP ..................................................................................... 25
Serial T1 TAP .............................................................................................. 25
HISSI TAP ................................................................................................... 25
Running Observer Software with the WAN Probe ........................ 27
WAN Probe/Device Setup .................................................................................. 27
Digital DS3/E3/HSSI Probe Settings ........................................................... 28
Digital T1/E1 Probe Settings ....................................................................... 28
Serial T1/E1 Probe Settings ........................................................................ 29
Operating Observer Passively ........................................................................... 29
Analyzing a WAN Link with Observer ................................................................ 30
Discover Network Names ............................................................................ 30
Bandwidth Utilization ................................................................................... 32
WAN Vital Signs by DLCI ............................................................................ 32
WAN Load by DLCI ..................................................................................... 33
Top Talkers .................................................................................................. 35
WAN Filtering .............................................................................................. 36
Triggers and Alarms .................................................................................... 37
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iv WAN Probe Kit Installation and Quick Start Guide
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Getting Started
Thank you for purchasing Network Instruments WAN Probe Kit. The WAN Probe Kit,
capture, decode, and analysis for T1/E1, DS3/E3 and HSSI WAN links.
installation as described in Hardware and Software Requirements on page 3 of this
Guide.
2. Install the network interface cards (NICs), and their custom software drivers. See
Installing the Interface Cards and Drivers on page 9 of this Guide for detailed
instructions.
3. Cable the NICs to the network. See “WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams” on
how to cable the TAP for a DS3/E3 link.
4. Run the WAN Configuration Utility (NIWANCFG.EXE) to define and name the links
you wish to monitor.
5. Install and run the Probe software. See the RMON1/2 & Advanced Probe User Guide
for details.
6. Run Observer and redirect the WAN Probe to the Observer console. See Running
Observer Software with the WAN Probe on page 27 of this Guide for important
information about running Observer with the WAN Probe Kit.
1
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Unpacking and Inspecting the Parts
Your WAN Probe Kit includes a number of components. Take a moment after unpacking
the kit to locate and inspect all of the parts.
•
•
•
One (1) 10/100 Ethernet Network Interface Card and cable:
The Network Instruments Product CD-ROM/Application CD, the WAN Probe Kit
Installation and Quick Start Guide (this manual), the RMON1/2 & Advanced Probe
User Guide, and the Probe License Card:
Depending on the option you purchased, one of the following TAP kits, each of which
includes a WAN Interface, TAP, and cables:
Digital DS3/E3 TAP Kit
DSE
DTE
LOS
DCE
LOS
LOF
LOF
POWER
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
One (1) full-duplex
DS3/E3 Coax
Cable
One (1) DS3/E3 WAN
Interface Card & Cable
One (1) DS3/E3 TAP
Digital T1/E1 TAP Kit (2-Port)
MONITOR
TX
LINK
1
MONITOR MONITOR
RX TX
LINK
2
MONITOR
RX
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
One (1) T1/E1 WAN
Interface Card & Cable
One (1) T1/E1 Dual Link TAP
Two (2)
T1/E1 Cables
2
Unpacking and Inspecting the Parts
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Digital T1/E1 TAP Kit (4-Port)
MONITOR
TX
LINK
1
MONITOR MONITOR
RX TX
LINK
2
MONITOR
RX
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
MONITOR
TX
LINK
1
MONITOR MONITOR
RX TX
LINK
2
MONITOR
RX
:
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
Two (2) T1/E1 WAN
Interface Cards & Cables
Two (2) T1/E1 Dual Link TAPs
Two (2)
T1/E1 Cables
Serial T1/E1 TAP Kit
(V.35 Version shown; others look slightly different)
B
DTE
MODE
POWER
A
B
DCE
ACTIVE OUTPUT
One (1) Serial T1 WAN
Interface Card & Cable
One (1) Serial T1/E1 TAP
One Serial Splitter
Cable
Hardware and Software Requirements
Make sure that the system on which you plan to install the Probe Kit meets these
requirements before you begin installing the kit.
Hardware Requirements
The PC must meet or exceed these specifications:
•
To guarantee T1/E1 or DS3/E3 wire-speed: Pentium III 1.3 GHz or AMD 1700 1
GHz or faster.
•
•
•
512MB RAM
20 GB hard disk space
2 available PCI slots
Software Requirements
The WAN Probe must be installed on Windows 2000 or Windows XP. Only the latest
versions of Expert Observer and Observer Suite consoles are guaranteed to connect to the
WAN Probe.
GettingStarted
3
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WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams
Follow the diagrammed steps below to install the WAN Probe Kit. More detailed NIC and
software installation instructions follow in this Guide.
1
Digital T1/E1 TAP Quick Installation Diagram (2-Port )
The diagram below shows the WAN Probe Kit as it would be cabled to
analyze a digital T1/E1 link with a Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit
(CSU/DSU). For a DS3/E3 and Serial T1 cabling diagrams, see the following
pages.
Install the interface cards,
1
drivers, and cabling.
WAN
T1
TAP
Connect Interface
Card
card to TAP with
Interface cable.
TAP sockets
and cable
are
provided for
analyzing a
2nd load-
balanced
line, if
10/100
NIC
MONITOR
TX
LINK 1
MONITOR MONITOR
RX TX
LINK 2
MONITOR
RX
A
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
necessary.
Use the
supplied T1
cable to
complete the
passthrough
Link back to the
T1 Line.
Probe
Service
Inst
Use the supplied
10/100 cable to
connect the Probe
to a TCP/IP LAN
with an Observer
system attached.
alled
CSU/DSU
(DTE)
T1 Line
(DCE)
Install the
2
Network
Instruments
Probe
TX
RX
Move the DCE
connector from
the T1 line to
one of the IN
ports on the TAP.
software.
TCP/IP
LAN
Observer
Console
From the Observer
3 Console, the newly-
configured Probe will
now be available on
Observer’s Probe List.
1. The 4-Port version of this system has an additional PC interface card, and an additional TAP and cable kit. Connect the
second TAP kit as shown in the diagram. Run NIWANCFG to define and name the links you want to monitor.
4
WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams
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Digital DS3/E3 TAP Quick Installation Diagram
Install the interface cards,
1drivers, and cabling.
DS3
TAP
Frame
Relay
Card
DTE
DCE
Connect Interface
card to TAP with
Interface cable.
LOS
LOS
POWER
OUT
LOF
LOF
IN
IN
OUT
Use the
supplied DS3
cable to
complete the
passthrough
Link back to the
DS3 Line.
Move
DS3
link
cables to
TAP
(RX)
(TX)
(TX)
(RX)
Use the supplied
10/100 cable to
connect the Probe
to a TCP/IP LAN
with an Observer
system attached.
Supplied
cables
completing
passthru
DS3 Line
(DCE)
CSU/DSU
(DTE)
Install the
Original DS3 link
connection
IN (RX)
OUT (TX)
IN (RX)
2Network
IN
T
X
X
R
OUT
Instruments
Probe
software.
OUT (TX)
TCP/IP
LAN
Move the DCE
connectors from
the DS3 line to
the IN
&
OUT
ports on the TAP.
From the Observer
3 Console, the newly-
configured Probe will
now be available on
Observer’s Probe List.
GettingStarted
5
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Serial T1 TAP Quick Installation Diagram
Splitter cable
patched between
DTE and DCE
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
CSU/DSU
DTE
Router
(DCE)
Install the interface cards,
1
drivers, and cabling.
INPUT
WAN
Card
Serial
T1/E1
TAP
10/100
NIC
B
DTE
DCE
A
MODE
POWER
A
A
B
ACTIVE OUTPUT
TCP/IP
LAN
From the Observer
Observer
Console
3 Console, the newly-
Use the supplied
10/100 cable to
configured Probe will
now be available on
Observer’s Probe List.
connect the Probe to a
TCP/IP LAN with an
Observer system
attached.
Install the
Network
Instruments
Probe
software.
2
6
WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams
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HSSI TAP Quick Installation Diagram
Install the interface cards,
WAN
Card
1
drivers, and cabling.
10/100
NIC
B
T3 WAN MONITOR TAP MO
POWER
Install the
Network
Instruments
Probe
software.
OUTPUT TO PROBE
2
HSSI
TAP
HSSI IN
HSSI OUT
TCP/IP
LAN
Use the supplied
10/100 cable to
connect the Probe to a
TCP/IP LAN with an
Observer system
attached.
TX
RX
TX
RX
CSU/DSU
DTE
From the Observer
Move the DCE
connector from
the HSSI line to
one of the IN
TX
RX
RX
3 Console, the newly-
Router
(DCE)
configured Probe will
now be available on
Observer’s Probe List.
ports on the TAP.
GettingStarted
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The TAP kit allows the Probe to capture frames from a T1/E1 or DS3/E3 link. The 10/100
NIC allows the Probe to communicate with the Observer console via TCP/IP, or to capture
packets from a 10/100 network.
•
For detailed card installation instructions, refer to Installing the Interface Cards on
page 10 of this Guide.
For driver installation instructions, refer to Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers on
page 11 of this Guide.
2. Install the Probe Software
The Probe software turns the system into a data collection device for any Expert Observer
or Observer Suite console. It also installs the custom driver files that you will use to
update the NIC drivers in Step 2.
•
The Advanced and RMON Probe User Guide describes in detail how to install and
run the Probe software. When prompted for the product to install, select Advanced
Probe
•
•
Make sure that you also read and follow the instructions for software license and
registration.
Run NIWANCFG if you need to define single or multiport links.
3. Connect to the WAN Probe from the Observer Console
Once the Probe system is installed, running, and cabled, you must redirect the Probe so
that it appears on the Observer main window’s Probe list. From the Observer console,
Click Tools->Redirect Probe and enter the Probe’s IP address.
The Probe will now appear on the probe list on the left side of the Observer main window.
Click on the Probe to connect.
8
WAN Probe Kit Quick Installation Diagrams
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Installing the Interface Cards and Drivers
Safety and Handling Precautions
Danger!
!
Electrical current from power, phone and communications cables can be
hazardous.
To avoid potential shock hazards:
•
•
Only use grounded sockets for connecting equipment to the power supply.
Do not carry out any installation, maintenance or (re)configuration work and do not
connect or disconnect any power cables during an electrical storm.
•
•
If installing in a Hot Plug system, please follow the safety instructions specific to this
system. Read the relevant documentation.
Electrical installations must comply with the safety regulations relating to the country
in which they are operated.
Caution
Electrostatic discharge may damage or destroy circuit boards.
•
•
Do not open the antistatic bags until you are ready to install the cards.
We recommend you wear an antistatic wrist strap when installing the interface cards.
Remove the computer cover and connect the wrist straps (using an electric conductor)
to the computer chassis. Note: Do NOT connect the wrist strap to the ground
terminal of the power supply. Faulty wiring could make this terminal live and
potentially lethal.
•
•
Hold the antistatic packaging of the interface cards for at least two seconds against the
bracket of an extension slot on your computer. This reduces the static charge in the
packaging and in your body.
Do not touch any circuits on the network cards or any of their port contacts. Do not
place the network cards on the computer cover or any other metal surface.
•
•
Avoid unnecessary movement since this can increase electrostatic charge.
Never use excessive force when working with the network card or the PCI bus. If you
need to place the network card somewhere after removing it from the antistatic bag,
make sure that you place it on the antistatic bag and on a level surface.
9
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Installing the Interface Cards
Have the computer manual available and if necessary, a key or screwdriver
to open the cover.
1. Install the Network Instruments Probe Software as described in the RMON1/2 &
Advanced Probe User Guide. You must install this software before you install the
hardware so that Windows will have access to the custom drivers.
2. Switch off the computer in which the network cards are to be installed.
3. Disconnect the power cord from the power outlet. Follow the safety instructions set
out above.
4. Open the computer cover as described in your computer manual. You may need a
screwdriver or key to loosen the fasteners on the cover.
If you are installing the network cards in a tower computer it is best to lay the
computer on its side so you can apply the correct force to insert the cards
into the PCI bus slots.
5. Locate two open PCI bus slots on the motherboard. Consult the section in your computer
manual that describes how to install expansion cards in the system motherboard.
6. Remove the brackets (if any) from the expansion slots. Follow the instructions in your
computer manual.
Choose any 2 PCI Slots
7. Remove the interface cards from their antistatic bags.
8. Insert the interface cards in the appropriate PCI bus slots.
10
Installing the Interface Cards
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Make sure that the contacts of the network cards are correctly aligned with
the PCI bus slots on the motherboard. Push the network cards down
vertically until they are properly seated in the bus slots.
10/100 Ethernet NIC
WAN Interface
9. Tighten the locking screws on the fixing brackets until the cards are firmly connected
to the computer cover (or to the attachment provided for expansion cards).
10. Close the computer cover and replace and tighten any screws.
11. Reconnect the power supply, following the safety instructions.
12. Turn the system on. The new hardware will be recognized differently depending on
whether you are running Windows 2000 or Windows XP. Refer to the appropriate
section that follows to complete the driver installation.
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
After you have installed the cards and turned on the computer, both Windows 2000 and
Windows XP will attempt to recognize and install drivers to match the new hardware.
Make sure that you have installed the Network Instruments Probe software; you must
supply a directory that the Network Instruments install program creates to the Found New
Hardware wizard.
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11
WAN and 10/100 Driver Installation: Windows 2000
The procedure for each NIC is different because of the way Windows 2000 recognizes the
two cards:
•
The WAN Interface card isn’t recognized at all, so you need to have already installed
the Network Instruments Probe software when you turn the system on. When the
Found New Hardware wizard asks you for the driver location, specify the
C:\Observer Files\Drivers\WAN directory, which contains the custom driver for the
WAN Interface card.
•
The 10/100 card is recognized, but a standard driver is installed. You must manually
update the driver, specifying its location in
C:\Observer Files\DRIVERS\Intel21143\Win2000 directory. You must specify the
location; Windows will not install the custom driver if you tell it to search for the
driver.
These procedures are described in more detail in the sections that follow.
Letting the Wizard Search for the WAN Driver
When Windows 2000 starts up after the card installation, the Found New Hardware Wizard
opening dialog is displayed. Follow these steps to complete the wizard.
1. Click Next. The wizard asks you how you want to install the custom driver:
12
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
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2. Choose “Search for a suitable driver for my device.” Click Next. The wizard asks
where it should look for the driver files:
3. Choose “Specify a Location” and click Next.
The wizard displays a file locator:
4. Enter or browse to the following directory (assuming C:\Observer Files is your
Observer directory):
C:\Observer Files\DriversWAN
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The wizard tells you which driver it found:
5. Click Next. The wizard informs you that the driver it found lacks a Microsoft digital
signature:
6. Click Yes. Network Instruments has tested and verified that the driver works correctly
with Observer and Probe on Windows 2000.
After installing the driver, the wizard displays a confirmation dialog telling you that
the driver was successfully installed. Click Finish to close the wizard.
14
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
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Manually Updating the 10/100 NIC Driver by Specifying a Directory
Although Windows 2000 reports that it found the correct driver for the Network
Instruments 10/100 NIC, the standard driver that it has installed needs to be updated to
work best with Network Instruments Probe or Observer.
A custom driver is required to make the 10/100 NIC work optimally with Probe and
Observer. Therefore you must manually update the driver as described in the following
steps.
1. Right-click on My Network Places icon on the desktop and select Properties from
the pop-up menu. The Network Connections folder is displayed.
2. Right-click on the Intel 21143 Based PCI Fast Ethernet connection and select
Properties from the pop-up menu. Click Configure... on the Intel 21143 Based PCI
Fast Ethernet Adapter Properties window. Click the Driver tab at the top of the
resulting window, and the following dialog is displayed:
3. Click Update Driver...
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15
The Upgrade Device Driver Wizard’s Welcome dialog is displayed. Click Next and
the wizard asks you whether you want to search for a driver or pick one from a list:
4. Choose “Search for a suitable device” and click Next. The wizard asks you where to
search for the driver:
5. Choose “Specify a Location” and click Next.
16
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
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The wizard displays a file locator dialog:
6. Enter (or browse to) the following path (assuming the Observer directory is
C:\Observer):
c:\Observer Files\drivers\intel21143\win2000
7. Click OK, and the following dialog is displayed:
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8. Choose “Install one of the other drivers” and click Next. The wizard shows a list of
drivers to pick from:
9. Choose “Network Instruments Intel 21143 Based Adapter Driver” and click Next.
After installing the device driver, the wizard displays an information dialog telling
you that the driver was successfully installed. Click Finish to complete the driver
installation.
WAN and 10/100 Driver Installation: Windows XP
When you reboot after installing the NICs, Windows XP will find drivers in its own
library that it reports as matching. These drivers will not work correctly with Probe and
Observer software: You must manually update the driver for each card, using the drivers
supplied on the Network Instruments Application CD.
Follow the instructions in the section below to install the driver for each card.
18
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
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Manually Updating the NIC Drivers
1. From the desktop Start menu, highlight My Computer and right-click. Choose
Properties... on the pop-up menu. Click the Hardware tab on the resulting properties
dialog, and the following is displayed:
2. Click Device Manager... The Device Manager browser is displayed:
3. Browse to and right-click on the Network Adapters > WAN Analyzer driver (which
will be named according to type: Digital T1/E1, DS3/E3, or Serial T1). Choose
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19
Properties... and click the Driver tab on the resulting dialog, which will display the
properties for that device.
4. Click Update Driver...,
The Hardware Update Wizard asks you how you want it to install the driver:
5. Choose “Install from a specific location” and click Next. The wizard then asks where
to look for the file:
6. Select “Don’t search...I will choose the driver to install.” and click Next.
20
Updating the WAN and 10/100 Drivers
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The Wizard then shows you what it thinks is the matching driver:
7. Click Have Disk..., and a file locator dialog is displayed:
8. Enter (or browse to) the following path and click OK (assuming your Observer
directory is C:\Observer Files):
C:\Observer Files\Drivers\WAN
Installing the Interface Cards and Drivers
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The wizard then displays the driver it found:
Depending on which card you have installed, one of the following adapters will be
listed:
DS3/E3/HSSI WAN Analyzer (Digital)
T1/E1 WAN Analyzer (Digital)
T1 WAN Analyzer (Serial)
9. Click Next.
Windows informs you that the driver lacks a Microsoft digital signature:
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10. Click Continue Anyway. Network Instruments has tested and verified that the driver
works correctly with Probe and Observer on Windows XP.
11. After the wizard finishes installing the driver, Click Finish to close the confirmation
dialog.
12. Repeat these same steps for updating the 10/100 NIC. When asked to specify a
location for the driver, enter (or browse to) this path (assuming C:\Observer Files is
your Observer directory):
c:\observer files\drivers\intel21143\win2000
13. Click through the rest of the wizard as you did for the 10/100 driver. After you click
Finish... on the last dialog, the custom driver installation is complete.
Configuring Ports Into Logical Links
You must define the physical ports on the WAN interface card or cards into logical links.
Each WAN interface card includes 1, 2 or 4 physical ports. By using the WAN Driver
Configuration tool to define logical links consisting of 1 or more ports, you will be able to:
•
in the case of links with more than one port, obtain a cumulative view of statistics
from more than one port
•
in all cases, create meaningful names that you will see in the Observer probe list.
A good situation in which to view multiple ports as a single link is in the case of a pair of
load-balancing WAN lines. Some link groupings make no sense and are not
recommended, such as configuring a link consisting of ports connected to WAN lines
coming from separate ISPs. Note that you can only create links from ports of the same
type; for example you cannot create a link that contains both HSSI and DS3 ports.
Starting the Configuration Utility
Before you start the configuration utility, make sure you have closed Observer and shut
down any Network Instruments Probe instances that may be running.
Click on Start->Observer->WAN Driver Configuration.
The configuration tool scans the system for NI WAN interface cards, displaying them in
the order they are physically installed in the bus. Each card is identified by bus and device
# (displayed at the top of the card), and the number of the physical slot the card occupies
in the PC bus.
The ports on each card are listed under the card ID label, along with any logical links the
port is associated with. If this is the first time the utility has been run, (or you have
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performed a Clear All and Rescan), the utility will assign a logical link to each port, as
shown in this two-card example:
To create a link, use Shift+Click to select the ports you want to add to the link and choose
Link->Add Selected Ports to Link->New... from the main menu (or right-click menu).
The utility prompts you to name the link. As you create links, they are added to the Link
menu for easy selection.
The example below shows the display after a number of logical links have been
configured. Note that the New York link includes physical ports from both interface cards.
The color coding helps you see immediately which ports belong to the same link:
Click Save/Exit when you have configured the links you wish to create. The links you
have configured will appear as named interfaces in Observer’s WAN Probe list.
TAP Status LEDs and Switches
Take a moment to understand the TAP status LEDs, and the switch settings on the type of
TAP you have installed on your Probe.
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Digital T1/E1 TAP
LOOP Should remain unlit for normal operation.
NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT
E1
T1
RJ
BANTAM
LOOP
E1
T1
RJ
BANTAM
POWER
Leave setting
on RJ
TEST
TO PROBE
INTERFACE SELECTOR
position.
POWER light should be
lit whenever TAP is
cabled to Interface Card.
Digital DS3/E3 TAP
Loss of Signal,
—unlit when the
given device
DSE
DCE
LOS
DTE
LOS
(DTE or DCE)
drops carrier.
LOF
LOF
POWER
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
Loss of Frame
—unlit when the
given device
(DTE or DCE)
drops a frame.
POWER light should be lit
whenever TAP is cabled to
Interface Card.
Serial T1 TAP
MODE
B
DTE
A
B
MODE
POWER
A
B
Leave on
setting B.
DCE
ACTIVE OUTPUT
POWER light should be lit
whenever TAP is cabled
to Interface Card.
Link activity LEDs--both should be lit
for normal operation.
HSSI TAP
T3 WAN MONITOR TAP MODULE
POWER
INTERLOCK
OUTPUT TO PROBE
POWER light should be lit
whenever TAP is cabled
to Interface Card.
Interlock LED--should be lit for
normal operation.
Installing the Interface Cards and Drivers
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TAP Status LEDs and Switches
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Running Observer Software with the WAN
Probe
After you have installed the WAN Probe Kit hardware, drivers, and Probe software, you
can run Network Instruments Observer to connect to the Probe and begin analyzing the
network. To connect to the Probe, follow these steps:
1. Start Observer. From the Tools menu, select Redirect Probe...
2. Enter the name and IP address of the Probe system.
You can now select the Probe from the Observer Probe list. Observer works with the WAN
Probe just as it does with any other Network Instruments Probe, with a number of
differences, which are described below.
WAN Probe/Device Setup
Before you can analyze the WAN link, you must set some device options. Right-click on
the WAN icon in the Probe List and select Probe or Device Setup from the pop-up menu
(or from the Options menu). Depending on what type of WAN link you are analyzing,
click the T1/E1, DS3/E3/HSSI, Serial T1/E1, or Serial DS3/E3 tab.
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Digital DS3/E3/HSSI Probe Settings
Setting
Explanation
WAN/Frame Relay Type
Choose DS3 (T3) , E3 or HSSI to match the type of link you are
analyzing.
Encapsulation
You must set this to match the settings on the frame relay
CSU/DSU. The encapsulation options are:
-ATM-DXI - ATM Data Exchange
-Frame Relay - Cisco
-Frame Relay - IETF Standard
-HDLC - Cisco Proprietary
-LAPB (modulo-128)
-LAPB (modulo-8)
-PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-128)
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-8)
Subprotocol
If ATM or LAPB is the selected encapsulation method, you must
choose the subprotocols on the link.
ATM subprotocol choices are NLPID and SNAP multi-protocol;
LAPB subprotocol choices are IP and Ethertype multi-protocol
Fractionalized
Bandwidth
Check if your link is configured for fractionalized operation.
Set to match the bandwidth setting of the link you are analyzing.
Digital T1/E1 Probe Settings
Setting
Explanation
WAN/Frame Relay Type
Encapsulation
Choose T1 or E1 to match the type of link you are analyzing.
You must set this to match the settings on the frame relay
CSU/DSU. The encapsulation options are:
-ATM-DXI - ATM Data Exchange
-Frame Relay - Cisco
-Frame Relay - IETF Standard
-HDLC - Cisco Proprietary
-LAPB (modulo-128)
-LAPB (modulo-8)
-PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-128)
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-8)
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Setting
Explanation
Subprotocol
If ATM or LAPB is the selected encapsulation method, you must
choose the subprotocols on the link.
ATM subprotocol choices are NLPID and SNAP multi-protocol;
LAPB subprotocol choices are IP and Ethertype multi-protocol
Link 1 and Link 2 Channel Settings (Note that for the link and settings to be activated, you
must check the “On” checkbox for that link).
Fractionalized
Check if this link is configured for fractionalized operation.
Choose the channels you want to be included in the analysis.
Channel selector
checkboxes
Include in Util.
Thermometer.
Check if you want to include statistics from this link in the
Bandwidth Utilization Thermometer.
Serial T1/E1 Probe Settings
Setting
Explanation
WANFrame Relay Type
Encapsulation
Choose T1 or E1 to match the type of link you are analyzing.
You must set this to match the settings on the frame relay router.
The encapsulation options are:
-ATM-DXI - ATM Data Exchange
-Frame Relay - Cisco
-Frame Relay - IETF Standard
-HDLC - Cisco Proprietary
-LAPB (modulo-128)
-LAPB (modulo-8)
-PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-128)
-X.25 over LAPB (modulo-8)
Fractionalized
Bandwidth
Check if your link is configured for fractionalized operation.
Set to match the bandwidth setting of the link you are analyzing.
Operating Observer Passively
When analyzing a WAN link via the Observer Probe, Observer runs “passively.” Passive
operation guarantees that analysis will not affect the WAN link; however, it does have
some implications when running Observer. Because there is no link over which the Probe
system can transmit frames on the link, the following features are unavailable:
•
•
Traffic Generation
Collision Test
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•
•
Efficiency History
Replay Packet Capture
Analyzing a WAN Link with Observer
In general, the WAN analysis works much like Ethernet analysis. One difference is that,
when appropriate, Observer identifies WAN links by their Data Link Connection Identifier
(DLCI) rather than by MAC address as is done with standard protocol analysis. In
addition, many WAN statistical modes break out the data by DCE, DTE, and summary to
reflect the full-duplex nature of WAN links. Modes unrelated to WAN analysis are greyed
out and unavailable.
The following sections describe how the available Observer modes operate to analyze a
WAN link.
Discover Network Names
To access this mode, choose Tools->Discover Network Names
Discover Network Names mode will show DLCIs instead of MAC addresses. You can
also define the Committed Information Rate for each DLCI you are monitoring with WAN
Observer.
Setting the Committed Information Rate (CIR) for a DLCI
The Committed Information Rate defines the guaranteed bandwidth for a WAN
connection. If you want Observer’s WAN Vital Signs and WAN Load by DLCI to monitor
CIR compliance, you must specify the CIR. A number of WAN triggers and alarms also
use this information, allowing you to be notified if the link is not performing to the CIR.
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To set the CIR for a DLCI or group of DLCIs, click the edit DLCI CIR button on the
Discover Network Names mode window. The following dialog is displayed:
Add a DLCI (or select one from the list and click Modify). Type or use the spinbox to set
the CIR in Kbits/sec for the DLCI. Click OK when you are done.
WAN Bandwidth UtilizationI
To see the percentages of bandwidth saturation on DCE, DTE and DCE+DTE (Summary)
for each configured link, choose Statistics->Bandwidth Utilization. The mode starts
automatically:
WAN links have two ports (DCE and DTE), so for a dual link T1, you could display up to
5 charts (including the summary). The mode is available in chart,
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pie, graph and dial views. The display setup dialog (click Settings to access), lets you
choose what ports to display as well as color and scale options.
The Bandwidth Utilization display is not subject to any filters as it compares
the actual activity on the network to the network’s theoretical capacity.
WAN Vital Signs by DLCI
In WAN Observer, the Network Vital Signs display is replaced by the WAN Vital Signs by
DLCI mode. This mode provides a summary of the errors occurring on a WAN link
(E1/T1/DS3/E3).
You can choose what portion of traffic you wish to view from the list box in the upper left
corner of the window: DCE, DTE, or Summary.
DTE (Data Terminal Equipment), in the context of a WAN link, refers to the DSU/CSU.
DCE (Data Circuit-terminating equipment) refers to the WAN switch (which may reside
remotely at the line provider's site). Summary view shows a concatenation of traffic from
both ends of the link.
List View
The following statistics are shown, broken down by DLCIs (which are listed in the
leftmost column). You can change the sort order by clicking on any of the column
headings:
Column
Description
DLCI
Data Link Connection Identifier of the statistics that follow.
DCE KBits/s Max
The maximum bit rate sensed so far from the DCE side of this DLCI, in
Kbits per second.
DTE KBits/s Max
DCE Kbits/s Avg
DTE Kbits/s Avg
The maximum bit rate sensed so far from the DTE side of this DLCI, in
Kbits per second.
The average bit rate sensed on the DCE side of this DLCI, in Kbits per
second.
The average bit rate sensed on the DTE side of this DLCI, in Kbits per
second.
DCE FECN
under CIR
The number of packets seen on the DCE side of the link that had the
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bit set, even though the
bandwidth usage was within the Committed Information Rate (CIR).
Normally this number should be zero. If bandwidth usage exceeds CIR,
congestion is expected.
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Column
Description
DTE FECN under
CIR
The number of packets seen on the DTE side of the link that had the
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification bit set, even though the
bandwidth usage was within the Committed Information Rate (CIR).
Normally this number should be zero. If bandwidth usage exceeds CIR,
congestion is expected.
DCE BECN
under CIR
The number of packets seen on the DCE side of the link that had the
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bit set, even though the
bandwidth usage was within the Committed Information Rate (CIR).
Normally this number should be zero. If bandwidth usage exceeds CIR,
congestion is expected.
DTE BECN
under CIR
The number of packets seen on the DTE side of the link that had the
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification bit set, even though the
bandwidth usage was within the Committed Information Rate (CIR).
Normally this number should be zero. If bandwidth usage exceeds CIR,
congestion is expected.
WAN Load by DLCI
In a WAN installation, Observer’s Network Activity Display is called WAN Load by
DLCI. This mode shows critical WAN transfer rate and congestion statistics in a number
of formats. This display can show you the health of a WAN link at a glance and can warn
of impending slowdowns due to congestion or other error conditions.
The WAN Load by DLCI mode can be viewed as a dial, graph, or list display. Except for
list view, there are no setup options for WAN Load by DLCI mode. Every view includes a
dropdown box that lets you select which DLCI you want to monitor.
To activate WAN Load by DLCI, choose Statistics > WAN Load by DLCI. Press the
Play button to start the mode.
Dial View
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The WAN Load by DLCI mode in dial view shows transfer rate, CRC error rate,
FECN/BECN frame rates graphed on dial meters.
DLCI CIR Setup
Click Settings and then the DLCI CIR Setup tab to display a dialog that lets you enter
DLCIs and their corresponding Committed Information Rates. You can eithe enter the
DLCIs manually, or automatically add DLCIs from Observer’s current alias list.
Graph View
The WAN Load display in graph view shows these same statistics (transfer rate, CRC
error rate, and FECN/BECN frame rates) as superimposed spike meters. The Committed
Information Rate (CIR) is also shown, allowing you to view the network activity against
the baseline performance you have contracted to receive from your WAN service provider
You can select line, point, or bar-style meter, and the colors for each statistic by right-
clicking on the chart. The dropdown menus at the top of the display let you select what
DLCIs to view, and how the chart should be scaled (linearly, logarithmically, or
autoscale). For linear scales, you can also set the CIR or the line rate as the maximum
value for the chart.
List View Display Properties
The Network Activity List view has only one display property option. To reset the
columns to their default widths, click on the icon or go to Mode Commands->Display
Properties (or simply right-click on the display).
To reset column widths to their default values, click Yes. To leave them in their present
state, click No.
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Top Talkers
Just as in standard Observer, Top Talkers shows the IP and MAC address of stations on
your network sorted by volume of traffic generated and received. In WAN Observer, the
MAC Address tab shows DLCIs sorted by volume of traffic. Also, the sorting and charting
statistical criteria (such as percentage of packets, packets per second, etc.) that apply to
WAN is a subset of those available for standard network analysis.
WAN Filtering
In addition to the standard Observer packet filtering rules (station address, pattern
matching, etc.), there are two WAN-specific filtering rules available for use with WAN
probes:
•
DLCI Address, which lets you enter the number of the DLCI address you wish
include or exclude.
•
WAN Conditions, which let you include or exclude frames based on flow direction,
forward and backward congestion, and discard eligibility.
To create a WAN filter rule, choose Actions->Filter Setup for Selected Probe. The
default filter rule (any address<-->any address) is displayed. Select and right click on the
rule to display the popup menu:
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Choose the desired filter rule from the menu. A dialog is displayed letting you set the filter
rule options. Refer to the Observer Reference Guide and online help for further
information about using filters and editing rules.
Triggers and Alarms
WAN Observer adds WAN-related criteria to the standard Triggers and Alarms mode.
Click the
button located in the lower left corner of Observer’s main window. A
dialog that allows you to select the Probe or Probes for which you want to set alarms is
displayed:
The Alarm List tab lets you turn alarms on and off:
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Check the alarms you wish to set, then click the Triggers tab to set the criteria by which
the alarms will be triggered:
Note that most WAN alarms can be set on the DTE or DCE side or both; note also that the
Committed Information Rate displayed is that which you set in Discover Network Names
mode. See “Setting the Committed Information Rate (CIR) for a DLCI” on page 30. The
Actions tab lets you define actions to launch if an alarm is triggered. You can log
messages, send email, or even send a pager alarm.
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Notes:
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