HARD DRIVE
PRODUCT
MANUAL
™
DiamondMax Plus 5120
92048D8, 91792D7, 91536D6
91280D5, 91024D4, 90750D3
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Re v is io n s
M a n u a l N o . 1 4 1 0
REV
EC NO.
79357C
SECTION
DESCRIPTION
DATE
A
All
Initial release.
03/20/99
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Be fo re Yo u Be g in
Thank you for your interest in the Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 AT hard disk drives. This manual provides
technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of DiamondMax
hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact
the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or 408-922-2085.
Before unpacking the hard drive, please review Sections 1 through 4.
C A U T I O N
Maxtor Diam ondMax Plus 5120 hard drives are precision products. Failure to
follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here m ay lead to
product failure, dam age and invalidation of all warranties.
1
2
BEFOREunpackingorhandlingadrive,takeallproperelectro-staticdischarge(ESD)
precautions,includingpersonnelandequipmentgrounding.Stand-alonedrivesaresensitiveto
ESDdamage.
BEFOREremovingdrivesfromtheirpackingmaterial,allowthemtoreachroom
temperature.
3
4
Duringhandling,NEVER drop,jar,orbumpadrive.
OnceadriveisremovedfromtheMaxtorshippingcontainer, IMMEDIATELYsecurethedrive
throughitsmountingholeswithinachassis.Otherwise,storethedriveonapadded,grounded,
antistaticsurface.
5
NEVERswitchDC powerontothedrivebyplugginganelectricallyliveDC sourcecableinto
thedrive'sconnector.NEVERconnectalivebustothedrive'sinterfaceconnector.
Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels.
They contain information required should the drive ever need repair.
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Co n t e n t s
S e c t io n 1 — In t ro d u c t io n
Maxtor Corporation
Products
1 - 1
1 - 1
1 - 1
1 - 1
1 - 1
1 - 2
1 - 2
1 - 2
1 - 2
Support
Manual Organization
Abbreviations
Conventions
Key Words
Numbering
Signal Conventions
S e c t io n 2 — P ro d u c t De s c rip t io n
The DiamondMax™ Plus 5120
Product Features
2 - 2
2 - 2
2 - 2
2 - 2
2 - 2
2 - 2
2 - 2
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2 - 5
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2 - 6
2 - 6
2 - 6
2 - 6
2 - 6
Functional/ Interface
Zone Density Recording
Read/ Write Multiple Mode
UltraDMA - Mode 2
Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2
Sector Address Translation
Logical Block Addressing
Defect Management Zone
On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)
Software ECC Correction
Automatic Head Park and Lock Operation
Cache Management
Buffer Segmentation
Read-Ahead Mode
Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)
Write Cache Stacking
Major HDA Components
Drive Mechanism
Rotary Actuator
Read/ Write Electronics
Read/ Write Heads and Media
Air Filtration System
Microprocessor
Subsystem Configuration
Dual Drive Support
Cable Select Option
Jumper Location/ Configuration
4092 Cylinder Limitation
i
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DIAMONDMAX PLUS 5120 PR ODUCT MANUAL
S e c t io n 3 — P ro d u c t S p e c ific a t io n s
Models and Capacities
Drive Configuration
Performance Specifications
Physical Dimensions
Power Requirements
Power Mode Definitions
Spin-up
3 - 1
3 - 1
3 - 1
3 - 2
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
3 - 3
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3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 4
3 - 5
3 - 5
3 - 5
3 - 5
Seek
R ead/ Write
Idle
Standby
Sleep
EPA Energy Star Compliance
Environmental Limits
Shock and Vibration
Reliability Specifications
Annual Return Rate
Quality Acceptance Rate
Start/ Stop Cycles
Data Reliability
Component Design Life
EMC/ EMI
EMC Compliance
Canadian Emissions Statement
Safety Regulatory Compliance
S e c t io n 4 — Ha n d lin g a n d In s t a lla t io n
Pre-formatted Drive
4 - 1
4 - 1
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4 - 3
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4 - 4
4 - 4
4 - 4
4 - 5
4 - 5
4 - 5
Important Notice
Hard Drive Handling Precautions
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
Unpacking and Inspection
R epacking
Physical Installation
Before You Begin
Please Read
Handling Precautions
Tools for Installation
Drive Identification Information
Capacity Barriers
Protecting Your Existing Data
General Requirements
System Hardware Requirements
BIOS Requirements
ii
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DIAMONDMAX PLUS 5120 PR ODUCT MANUAL
Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA)
OS Requirements for Large Capacity Hard Drives
Hard Drive Identification
4 - 5
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4 - 6
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4 - 6
4 - 6
4 - 7
4 - 7
4 - 7
4 - 8
4 - 8
4 - 8
4 - 10
4 - 12
Identifying IDE Devices on the Interface
Jumper Settings
Systems Using Cable Select
Relationship to Other IDE Devices
Mounting Drive in System
Attaching Interface and Power Cables
Attaching System Cables
System Setup
Setting the BIOS (CMOS)
BIOS (CMOS) Parameters
Hard Drive Preparation
System Hangs During Boot
S e c t io n 5 — AT In t e rfa c e De s c rip t io n
Interface Connector
Pin Description Summary
Pin Description Table
PIO Timing
5 - 1
5 - 1
5 - 2
5 - 3
5 - 4
5 - 5
DMA Timing
Ultra DMA Timing Parameters
S e c t io n 6 — Ho s t S o ft w a re In t e rfa c e
Task File Registers
6 - 1
6 - 1
6 - 1
6 - 1
6 - 2
6 - 2
6 - 2
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6 - 3
6 - 3
6 - 3
6 - 3
6 - 4
6 - 5
6 - 5
Data Register
Error Register
Features Register
Sector Count Register
Sector Number Register
Cylinder Number Registers
Device/ Head Register
Status Register
Command Register
Read Commands
Write Commands
Mode Set/ Check Commands
Power Mode Commands
Initialization Commands
Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands
S.M.A.R.T. Commands
Summary
Control Diagnostic Registers
Alternate Status Register
iii
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DIAMONDMAX PLUS 5120 PR ODUCT MANUAL
Device Control Register
Digital Input Register
6 - 5
6 - 5
6 - 6
Reset and Interrupt Handling
S e c t io n 7 — In t e rfa c e Co m m a n d s
Command Summary
Read Commands
Read Sector(s)
7 - 1
7 - 2
7 - 2
7 - 2
7 - 2
7 - 3
7 - 3
7 - 3
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7 - 4
7 - 4
7 - 4
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7 - 7
7 - 7
7 - 7
7 - 7
7 - 9
7 - 9
7 - 12
7 - 13
7 - 14
Read Verify Sector(s)
Read Sector Buffer
Read DMA
Read Multiple
Set Multiple
Write Commands
Write Sector(s)
Write Verify Sector(s)
Write Sector Buffer
Write DMA
Write Multiple
Ultra DMA
Set Feature Commands
Set Features Mode
Power Mode Commands
Standby Immediate
Idle Immediate
Standby
Idle
Check Power Mode
Set Sleep Mode
Default Power-on Condition
Initialization Commands
Identify Drive
Initialize Drive Parameters
Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands
S.M.A.R.T. Command Set
S e c t io n 8 — S e rvic e a n d S u p p o rt
Service Policy
No Quibble Service
Support
8 - 1
8 - 1
8 - 1
Glo s s a ry
Glossary
GL - 1
iv
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DIAMONDMAX PLUS 5120 PR ODUCT MANUAL
Fig u re s
Fig u r e
Tit le
P a g e
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3 - 1
4 - 1
4 - 2
4 - 3
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4 - 5
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4 - 7
5 - 1
5 - 2
5 - 3
5 - 4
5 - 5
5 - 6
5 - 7
5 - 8
5 - 9
5 - 10
5 - 11
5 - 12
5 - 13
PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration
Outline and Mounting Dimensions
2 - 6
3 - 2
4 - 2
4 - 3
4 - 3
4 - 5
4 - 6
4 - 7
4 - 10
5 - 1
5 - 3
5 - 4
5 - 5
5 - 6
5 - 6
5 - 7
5 - 7
5 - 8
5 - 8
5 - 9
5 - 9
5 - 10
Multi-pack Shipping Container
Single-pack Shipping Container (Option A)
Single-pack Shipping Container (Option B)
Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings
5.25-inch Mounting Brackets and Rails
IDE Interface and Power Cabling Detail
Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings
Data Connector
PIO Data Transfer to/ from Device
Multi-word DMA Data Transfer
Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst
Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
v
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SECTION 1
Introduction
Maxtor Corporation
Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way,
we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than
a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia,
networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher. Even home PC applications
need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.
Products
Maxtor’s products meet those demanding storage capacity requirements with room to spare. They feature
proven compatibility and reliability. While DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 is the latest addition to our family of
high performance 7,200 RPM desktop hard drives, the 5,400 RPM DiamondMax™ 4320 series hard drives
deliver industry-leading capacity, performance and value for many PC applications.
Support
No matter which capacity, all Maxtor hard drives are supported by our commitment to total customer
satisfaction and our No Quibble® Service guarantee. One call – or a visit to our home page on the Internet
(http://www.maxtor.com) – puts you in touch with either technical support or customer service. We’ll
provide you the information you need quickly, accurately and in the form you prefer – a fax, a downloaded
file or a conversation with a representative.
Manual Organization
This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:
❏ Section 1 – Introduction
❏ Section 2 – Description
❏ Section 3 – Specifications
❏ Section 4 – Installation
❏ Section 5 – AT Interface
❏ Section 6 – Host Software Interface
❏ Section 7 – Interface Commands
❏ Section 8 – Service and Support
❏ Appendix – Glossary
Abbreviations
ABBRV DESCRIPTION
ABBRV DESCRIPTION
ATA AT attachment
bpi bits per inch
MB megabyte
Mbits/sec megabits per second
CHS cylinder - head - sector
db decibels
MB/sec megabytes per second
MHz megahertz
dBA decibels, A weighted
DMA direct memory access
ECC error correction code
fci flux changes per inch
ms millisecond
MSB most significant bit
mV millivolts
ns nanoseconds
G
acceleration
PIO programmed input/output
RPM revolutions per minute
tpi tracks per inch
GB gigabyte
Hz hertz
KB kilobyte
UDMA ultra direct memory access
µsec microsecond
LBA logical block address(ing)
LSB least significant bit
mA milliamperes
V
volts
W
watts
1 – 9
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DIAMONDMAX PLUS 5120 – INTRODUCTION
Conventions
If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being correct.
Key Words
The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type
(e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of
the “name” field.
Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).
Numbering
Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values. Numbers that are followed by
a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are
hexadecimal values.
Signal Conventions
Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.
All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name
indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is
above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is
true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.
When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state.
When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state.
When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some signals have bias
circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no signal driver is actively asserting or negating
the signal. These instances are noted under the description of the signal.
1 – 10
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SECTION 2
P ro d u c t De s c rip t io n
Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 AT disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage
devices which incorporate an on-board ATA-4/ Ultra DMA controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced
combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques.
Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power
consumption and increased its reliability. Advanced giant magneto-resistive read/ write heads, an state-of-the-art
head/ disk assembly using an integrated motor/ spindle design allow up to four disks in a 3.5-inch package.
Exceptionally high data transfer rates, 7,200 RPM spin speed and 9.0 ms access times make these performance
series disk drives especially well-suited to high-end desktop and server applications.
Dia m o n d Ma x P lu s 5 1 2 0 Ke y Fe a t u re s
ANSI ATA-4 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE)
Supports Ultra DMA Mode 2 for up to 33 MB/ sec data transfers
512 KB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager
7,200 RPM spin speed
9.0 ms seek time
Zone density and I.D.-less recording
Outstanding shock resistance at 200 Gs
High durability with 50K constant start/ stop cycles
Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)
Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields
Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA powering savings commands
Auto park and lock actuator mechanism
Low power consumption
S.M.A.R.T. Capability
Note: Maxtor defines one megabyte as 106 or one million bytes and one gigabyte as 109 or one billion bytes.
2 – 1
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PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
P ro d u c t Fe a t u re s
Fu n c t io n a l / In t e rfa c e
Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret
control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Section 3 Product Specifications, for
complete drive specifications.
Zo n e De n s it y Re c o rd in g
The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone Density Recording. Each
disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a constant
number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone
contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.
Re a d /Writ e Mu lt ip le Mo d e
This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ ATAPI-4 specification. Read/ Write Multiple allows the host to
transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer process
overhead and improving host performance.
Ult ra DMA - Mo d e 2
Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 5120 hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which
greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data
throughput.
Mu lt i-w o rd DMA (EIS A Typ e B) - Mo d e 2
Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) EISA Type B mode transfers.
S e c t o r Ad d re s s Tra n s la t io n
All DiamondMax Plus 5120 drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/ EISA-class system, the drive
may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads and sectors (within the range of the
drive's formatted capacity). DiamondMax Plus 5120 drives power-up in a translate mode:
MODEL
92048D8
91792D7
91536D6
91280D5
91024D4
90750D3
CYL
HD
16
16
16
16
16
16
SPT
63
63
63
63
LZone
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
WPcom
(*)
MAX LBA
40,000,464
34,999,776
30,000,096
25,000,416
19,999,728
15,000,048
CAPACITY
20,480 MB
17,920 MB
15,360 MB
12,800 MB
10,240 MB
7,680 MB
39,683
34,722
29,762
24,802
19,841
14,881
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
63
63
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*) The fields LZone (Landing Zone) and WPcom (Write Pre-comp) are not used by the Maxtor hard drive
and the values may be either 0 or the values set by the BIOS. All capacities listed in the above table are based
on 106 or one million bytes.
2 – 2
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PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Lo g ic a l Blo c k Ad d re s s in g
The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation.
The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical
geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and
sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t use these host parameters
directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical
internal addresses for data access.
The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:
LBA
=
=
(HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA
(HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA)
(1)
(2)
where
HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address
HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads
HSPT = Host Sectors per Track
The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive
cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk and
for other drive related operations.
De fe c t Ma n a g e m e n t Zo n e (DMZ)
Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are located at the end of the
drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.
For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed down” and recorded
in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the
entire drive. The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of
data. This push down method assures maximum performance.
On -t h e -Fly Ha rd w a re Erro r Co rre c t io n Co d e (ECC)
5 symbols, single burst, guaranteed
S o ft w a re ECC Co rre c t io n
22 symbols, single burst, guaranteed
Au t o m a t ic P a rk a n d Lo c k Op e ra t io n
Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the
read/ write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in
place as the disk spins down. The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.
2 – 3
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PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Ca c h e Ma n a g e m e n t
Bu ffe r S e g m e n t a t io n
The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad.
The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received.
A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time.
Re a d -Ah e a d Mo d e
Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on the first sector and
continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read-ahead
operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-
ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.
Au t o m a t ic Writ e Re a llo c a t io n (AWR)
This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations. If a
disk error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a
pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues
until it is complete.
Writ e Ca c h e S t a c k in g
Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer
is full or the host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.
A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and
data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive
may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.
2 – 4
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PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Ma jo r HDA Co m p o n e n t s
Drive Me c h a n is m
A brush-less DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 7,200 RPM (±0.1%). The dynamically balanced
motor/ spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast
stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor
circuit tolerances.
Ro t a ry Ac t u a t o r
All DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an
actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft.
The low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption.
Re a d /Writ e Ele c t ro n ic s
An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/ write heads) provides up
to eight head selection (depending on the model), read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.
Re a d /Writ e He a d s a n d Me d ia
Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/ write heads record data on 3.5-inch diameter disks. Maxtor
uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for DiamondMax Plus 5120 drives.
Air Filt ra t io n S ys t e m
All DiamondMax Plus 5120 drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over the life of the
drive, a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a
clean environment to the heads and disks. DiamondMax Plus 5120 drives are designed to operate in a typical
office environment with minimum environmental control.
M ic r o p r o c e s s o r
The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:
Command execution
Cache management
Data correction and error recovery
Diagnostic execution
Data sequencing
Head positioning (including error recovery)
Host interface
Index detection
Spin speed control
Se e ks
Se rvo
S.M.A.R.T.
2 – 5
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PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
S u b s ys t e m Co n fig u ra t io n
Du a l Drive S u p p o rt
Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/ O addresses. The drives
are jumpered as device 0 or 1 (Master/ Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the
Device/ Head register of the task file.
All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides
whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which
drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to
host I/ O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.
A master/ slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave.
When J50 is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the drive
acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, J50 must be closed.
Ca b le S e le c t Op t io n
CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives configured in a multiple drive
system are identified by CSEL’s value:
– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0.
– If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.
J u m p e r Lo c a t io n /Co n fig u ra t io n
Darkened jumper pins indicate factory-installed (default) shunts.
JUMPER CONFIGURATION
J50
J48
J46
J44
J42
Master/Slave
Only drive in single drive system*
Master drive in dual drive system*
Slave drive in dual drive system
C
C
O
Cable Select
Disabled*
Enabled
O
C
4092 Cylinder Limitation
Disabled*
Enabled
O
C
Factory Reserved
Factory Reserved
O
O
Key * = Default C = Closed (jumper installed) O = Open (no jumper installed)
Figure 2-1
PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration
4 0 9 2 Cylin d e r Lim it a t io n
On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a hang may occur when the drive
cylinder value exceeds 4096. The 4092 Cylinder Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive to
4092 allowing large capacity drives to work with older BIOS'. A software driver is required to access the full
capacity of the drive.
2 – 6
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SECTION 3
P ro d u c t S p e c ific a t io n s
Mo d e ls a n d Ca p a c it ie s
MODEL
92048D8
91792D7
91536D6
91280D5
91024D4
90750D3
Formatted Capacity (MB LBA Mode)
20,480
17,920
15,360
12,800
10,240
7,680
Maxtor defines one megabyte as 106 or one million bytes and one gigabyte as 109 or one billion bytes.
Drive Co n fig u ra t io n
MODEL
92048D8
91792D7
91536D6
91280D5
91024D4
90750D3
Integrated Controller / Interface
Encoding Method
Interleave
ATA-4 / Ultra DMA
EPR4 RLL 16/17
1:1
Servo System
Embedded
512 KB SDRAM
16
Buffer Size / Type
Data Zones per Surface
Data Surfaces / Heads
Number of Disks
Areal Density
8
4
7
4
6
3
5
3
4
2
3
2
3,800 Mb / in2
Tracks per Surface (Cylinders)
Track Density
14,850
14,522 tpi
204 - 255 kbpi
217 - 271 kfci
512
Recording Density
Flux Density
Bytes per Sector / Block
Sectors per Track
Sectors per Drive
240 - 403
40,000,464 34,999,776 30,000,096 25,000,416 19,999,728 15,000,048
P e rfo rm a n c e S p e c ific a t io n s
MODEL
92048D8
91792D7
91536D6
91280D5
91024D4
90750D3
Seek Times (typical)
Track-to-Track
1 ms
Average
9.0 ms
< 20 ms
4.18 ms
Maximum
Average Latency
Rotational Speed (±0.1%)
Controller Overhead
Data Transfer Rate
7,200 RPM
< 0.5 ms
To/from Interface
(Ultra DMA - Mode 2)
up to 33.0 MB/sec
up to 16.7 MB/sec
To/from Interface
(PIO 4/Multi-word DMA - Mode 2)
To/from Media
up to 31.2 MB/sec
< 8.8 sec typical
Start Time (0 to Drive Ready)
3 – 1
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PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
P h ys ic a l Dim e n s io n s
PARAMETER
Height
Length
Width
Weight
STANDARD
1.02 inches
5.78 inches
4.0 0 inches
1.3 pounds
METRIC
25.9 m illim eters
146.6 m illim eters
102.1 m illim eters
0.59 kilogram s
1.028 max
[25.9 mm]
.25 ± .01
6 x 6-32
UNC Tap
1.638 ± .005
[41.61 mm]
1.122 ± .02
[28.4 mm]
4.000 ± .01
[101.6 mm]
5.787 max
[146.6 mm]
4 x 6-32
UNC Tap
1.75 ± .02
1.625 ± .02
4.00 ± .01
[102.1 mm]
3.75 ± .01
[95.25 mm]
Figure 3 - 1
Outline and Mounting Dimensions
3 – 2
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PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
P o w e r Re q u ire m e n t s
MODE
12V ± 8%
2900 mA
780 mA
310 mA
305 mA
20 mA
5V ± 10%
360 mA
335 mA
390 mA
320 mA
165 mA
55 mA
POWER
36.6 W
11.1 W
5.7 W
Spin-up (peak)
Seek (avg)
Read/Write (avg)
Idle (avg)
5.3 W
Standby (avg)
Sleep (avg)
1.1 W
20 mA
0.52 W
P o w e r Mo d e De fin it io n s
S p in -u p
The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed.
S e e k
A random access operation by the disk drive.
Re a d /Wr it e
Data is being read from or written to the drive.
Id le
The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on.
The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms.
S t a n d b y
The spin motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires
disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data.
S le e p
This is the lowest power state – with the interface set to inactive. A software or hardware reset is required
to return the drive to the Standby state.
EP A En e rg y S t a r Co m p lia n c e
Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program
to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment.
En viro n m e n t a l Lim it s
PARAMETER
OPERATING
NON-OPERATING/STORAGE
Temperature
5° C to 55° C
low temperature (-40° C)
high temperature (71° C) per MIL-STD-810E, method 501.3,
climatic category; hot-induced conditions.
Thermal Gradient
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb
25° C per hour (maximum)
5% to 95% (non-condensing)
27° C (maximum)
Altitude
-200 to 10,000 feet
-200 to 40,000 feet
Acoustic Noise (Idle mode)
3.5 bel average sound power
(per ISO 7779, 10 microphone)
3 – 3
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PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
S h o c k a n d Vib ra t io n
PARAMETER
OPERATING
NON-OPERATING
Mechanical Shock
Rotational Shock
Random Vibration
20 Gs, 2.0 ms, no errors
200 Gs, 2.0 ms, no damage
18,000 Rad/sec, no damage
10 - 2,000 Hz at 2.15 Grms, no damage
10 - 45 Hz at 0.004 G2/Hz
48 - 62 Hz at 0.008 G2/Hz
65 - 300 Hz at 0.004 G2/Hz
301 - 500 Hz at 0.0006 G2/Hz
no errors
Swept Sine Vibration
5 - 20 Hz
21 - 300 Hz
0.049 inches double amplitude
1.0 G peak amplitude (0 - peak)
Re lia b ilit y S p e c ific a t io n s
An n u a l Re t u rn Ra t e
< 1.5%
Annual Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products
shipped. ARR includes all reasons for returns (failures, handling
damage, NDF), but does not include inventory credit returns.
Qu a lit y Ac c e p t a n c e Ra t e
< 500 DPPM
The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of Maxtor
products successfully installed by our customers, and/ or the number
of defective parts per million (DPPM) encountered during the entire
installation process.
S t a rt /S t o p Cyc le s
50,000 (minimum)
This indicates the minimum cycles for reliable start/ stop function at a
≥ 60% confidence level.
Da t a Re lia b ilit y
< 1 per 1014 bits read
Data errors (non-recoverable). Average data error rate allowed with all
error recovery features activated.
Co m p o n e n t De s ig n Life
5 years (minimum)
Component design life is defined as a.) the time period before
identified wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b.) the time
period up to the wear-out point when useful component life expires.
3 – 4
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PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
EMC/EMI
Ra d ia t e d Ele c t ro m a g n e t ic Fie ld Em is s io n s - EMC Co m p lia n c e
The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is
therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of
Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been
tested within a suitable end-use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive (73/ 23/ EEC) when
the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer. Maxtor recommends that testing and analysis
for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user's end-use application.
Ca n a d ia n Em is s io n s S t a t e m e n t
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set
out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications.
Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux
appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le
ministere des communications du Canada.
S a fe t y Re g u la t o ry Co m p lia n c e
All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and
regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used.
3 – 5
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INSTALLATION
SECTION 4
Handling and Installation
Pre-formatted Drive
This Maxtor hard drive has been formatted at the factory. Do not use a low-level formatting program.
Important Notice
There are a number of system BIOS’s currently in use which do not support hard drives with more than 4095
cylinders (2.1 gigabytes). This section contains information describing the conditions which may identify this
limitation. In order to obtain the full capacity of your Maxtor drive, you will need to follow the recommended
installation instructions.
Hard Drive Handling Precautions
◆ During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit
board assembly (PCBA).
◆ Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself
and the computer system the hard drive will be installed in.
◆ Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.
◆ NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector.
NEVER connect a live connector to the hard drive's IDE interface connector.
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD, Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive use a
wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground. Failure to observe these precautions voids the
product warranty.
Manufacturers frequently experience “unsolved” component/hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD. To
reduce the incidence of ESD-related problems, Maxtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans
include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here:
ESD Program Element
Management
Chief coordinator
Multi-department committee
Employee training
ESD Program Function
Institute and maintain
Organize and enforce
Evaluate and improve
Educate and inform
ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps; counter-top and floor antistatic
matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include:
Static Control Systems – 3M
225-4S, 3M Center
Charleswater
93 Border St.
St. Paul, MN 55144
West Newton, MA 02165-9990
Maxtor also offers a complete video training package, “Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives.”
Contact your Maxtor representative for details.
4 – 12
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INSTALLATION
Unpacking and Inspection
Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify
the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container.
As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged
(and no container damage is evident), notify Maxtor immediately for drive disposition.
Figure 4 - 1
Multi-pack Shipping Container
4 – 13
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INSTALLATION
Figure 4 - 2
Single Pack Shipping Container (Option A)
Figure 4 - 3
Single Pack Shipping Container (Option B)
Repacking
If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag.
Physical Installation
Recommended Mounting Configuration
The DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 drive design allows greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger,
heavier drives. The drive may be mounted in any attitude using four size 6-32 screws with 1/8-inch
maximum penetration and a maximum torque of 5-inch pounds. See Figure 3-1 for mounting dimensions.
Allow adequate ventilation to the drive to ensure reliable operation.
4 – 14
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INSTALLATION
BeforeYou Begin
1
IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ!
Please read this Installation Sheet completely before installing the Maxtor hard drive. It gives general information for installing a Maxtor hard drive in a
typical computer system.
If you don’t understand the installation steps, have a qualified computer technician install the hard drive.
HandlingPrecautions
Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.
┨
Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage.
Handle the drive by its sides. DO NOT touch the printed circuit board assembly.
▵
NEVER drop, jar, or bump the drive.
Ꮬ
DON’T connect/disconnect any drive cables when the power is on.
Ꮬ
DON’T useanylow-levelformattingsoftwareonthisdrive.
Ꮬ
System Requirements
◆
◆
◆
IDE/ATinterface
486processororhigher
OperatingSystemRequirements
• Fordriveslessthanorequalto8.4GB: DOS5.0orhigher
• Fordriveslargerthan8.4GB:
Ö InstallingasBootdrive(PrimaryMaster)requiresfullinstallationsetofWindows95orhigher(notupgrade).
Ö Installingasnon-Bootdrive(PrimarySlave,SecondaryMasterorSlave)requiresthatWindows95orhigherbeinstalledontheBootdrive.
ToolsforInstallation
The following tools are needed to complete the installation of your Maxtor hard drive:
◆
A small Phillips head screw driver
◆
Your computer user’s manual
Operating system software
◆
Small needle-nose pliers or
tweezers
◆
Drive Identification Information
Copy the following information from the label on the top cover of the Maxtor hard drive for future reference:
Model Number _____________________Serial Number __________________
Cylinders ______________ Heads _____________ Sectors _______________
Capacity Barriers
Due to operating system limitations, DOS cannot access the full capacity of drives larger than 8.4 GB. The Microsoft Windows 95 operating system or
equivalent (full installation), NOT a Windows 95 upgrade from DOS (Windows 3.1 or 3.11), is required to obtain the full capacity of any hard drive larger
than 8.4 GB.
Protecting Your Existing Data
Periodicbackupofimportantdataisalwaysagoodidea.Wheneveryourcomputerison,thereisthepotentialforlosingdataonyourharddrive.Thisisespeciallytruewhenrunning
disk utilities or any software that directly manipulates your files. Maxtor recommends that you make a backup copy of the files on any existing hard drives. If required, this
datamaythenbecopiedtotheMaxtorharddriveafterithasbeeninstalledinyourcomputer.Refertoyourcomputeruser’smanualfordetaileddatabackupinstructions.
4 – 15
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INSTALLATION
General Requirements
2
System Hardware Requirements
The minimum system Maxtor recommends for drives 8.4 GB or less is a 486 DX 66 MHz system. For drives larger than 8.4 GB, we recommend a
Pentium-class system.
BIOS Requirements
SystemBIOSdatedpriortoSeptember1997donotsupportdrivesgreaterthan8.4GB.Toobtainthefullcapacityofadrivelargerthan8.4GB,upgradetheBIOS,installaBIOS
enhancercardorusetheMaxBlastinstallationsoftware(version9.06ornewer).
Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA)
UDMA mode on a Maxtor hard drive will only activate when the drive is installed in a system with full UDMA capability, i.e., a mother board or interface card
with the UDMA chips and the associated UDMA software drivers.
OS Requirements for Large Capacity Hard Drives
A full installation of the Windows 95 operating system is required for hard drives larger than 8.4 GB when the drive is a Primary Master. An upgrade to
Windows 95 from Windows 3.11 and/or the DOS operating system will not support drive capacities greater than 8.4 GB when the drive is a Primary Master.
Hard Drive Identification
IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics and EIDE is Enhanced IDE. The IDE or EIDE interface is designed to support two devices – typically hard drives – on a
single ribbon cable through one 40 pin connector on the mother board or interface card.
3
Some mother boards and interface cards may have a second IDE/EIDE connector to support two additional IDE devices. The IDE/EIDE interface is identified as
a primary or secondary interface. In systems with only a single connector on the mother board or interface card, it is the primary IDE/EIDE interface. To add a
second IDE/EIDE interface requires a special interface card. In systems with two connectors on the mother board or interface card, one is the primary and the
other as the secondary.
The primary interface must be used for at least one IDE device before connecting any devices to the secondary IDE interface.
Ribbon cable lengths are limited to 18 inches and have two or three 40 pin connectors. This cable is referred to as a parallel cable and IDE devices may be
connected anywhere on the cable. One of the connectors is attached to the IDE connector on the mother board or interface card and the remaining
connector(s) are available for the IDE devices.
Identifying IDE Devices on the Interface
Each device must be identified as either the Master or Slave device on that interface (cable). Each cable must have a Master before it can have a Slave device
on the cable. There cannot be two Master or two Slave devices on the same cable.
IDE devices use jumpers to designate the Master/Slave identification of the device. Each manufacturer may have its own jumpering scheme to identify the
device as a Master or Slave and its relationship to other IDE devices attached to the same cable.
JumperSettings
A jumper is a small piece of plastic that slides over a pair of configuration pins on the drive to activate a specific function. The jumper illustration below shows
three valid jumper settings for Maxtor hard drives – Master, Slave and Cable Select. Maxtor hard drives can be set as either a Master or a Slave device.
There are no other jumpers to set when the Maxtor drive is installed on the same ribbon cable with another IDE device.
Rear View of Maxtor Hard Drive
Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings
4 – 16
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INSTALLATION
Before installing the drive in the computer, you must determine how the jumpers on the Maxtor hard drive are to be set for your system based upon the use of
the Maxtor hard drive as either a Master or Slave device. Maxtor hard drives are shipped with the Master jumper setting enabled.
IMPORTANT: If a Maxtor hard drive is being added to a system on the same cable with an existing IDE device, it may be necessary to re-configure the
jumpers on the existing device to insure that the system will properly recognize both devices. Information regarding the correct jumper configurations on other
IDE devices is available in their product documentation or from the manufacturer of that device.
Systems Using Cable Select
IMPORTANT – Most systems do not use this feature. Unless you are sure that your computer system supports Cable Select, do not set up the drive with this
feature enabled.
Maxtor hard drives support Cable Select. The Cable Select method of drive identification allows the system to identify Master and Slave IDE devices based
upon the position (connector) the IDE device is attached to on the interface (ribbon) cable.
A special IDE cable select interface (ribbon) cable is required for systems using the Cable Select feature.
Systems that use Cable Select do not support the standard Master/Slave definitions described above and the standard IDE interface (ribbon) cable cannot
be used on these systems. If your system supports this feature, refer to the system user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer for specific procedures
for installing hard drives.
On Maxtor hard drives, Cable Select is enabled by installing a jumper on J48.
Relationship to Other IDE Devices
Maxtor recommends that its hard drives be configured as a Master device to any IDE device that is not a hard drive (e.g., CD-ROM’s, Tape drives, Zip Drives
etc.).
Mounting Drive in System
Turn the computer OFF, disconnect the power cord and remove the cover. Refer to the computer user’s manual for information on removing the cover.
4
Each system manufacturer uses different types of cases, including desktop, mini-tower, full tower and other special configurations. As a result, there are many
different possible mounting locations that could be used.
In a typical system case, there are specific 3.5 inch and 5.25 inch bays available for storage devices. When a 3.5 inch mounting bay is available, mounting
brackets are not required. If a 5.25 inch mounting bay is used, mounting brackets will be required to mount the Maxtor hard drive in the system case. Refer to
the system manufacturers user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer directly for additional information.
Installing 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets and Rails
If the Maxtor hard drive is being mounted in a 5.25 inch drive bay, the following figure shows how to attach the brackets to the drive. The brackets are not
required when mounting in a 3.5 inch drive bay.
Installing in a Device Bay
After the hard drive is prepared with mounting brackets, if required, and the jumpers are set correctly, the drive can be mounted in a device bay and secured.
Be sure to secure the drive with all four screws in the device bay. This provides grounding and protection from shock and vibration.
NOTE:Computersystemsusedifferentmethodsformountingharddrives.Pleaserefertothecomputeruser’smanualorcontactthemanufacturerforspecificmounting
instructions.
4 – 17
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INSTALLATION
Attaching Interface
5
and Power Cables
In order for the computer to recognize that the Maxtor hard drive is in the system, the power cable and IDE interface cable must be properly connected.
1
Attach an available IDE interface connector to J1 on the Maxtor hard drive.
The striped or colored edge of the IDE interface cable indicates pin 1. Pin 1 on the IDE interface cable connector must match pin 1 on the Maxtor hard drive
IDE interface connector – closest to the drive power connector. It must also match pin 1 on the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card.
Refer to the system or interface card user’s manual for identification of pin 1 on their IDE interface connector.
2
Connect an available power connector to J2 on the Maxtor hard drive. This connector is keyed and will only fit in one orientation.
Do not force the connector.
After attaching the IDE
interface cable and the
power cable to the Maxtor
hard drive, verify that all
other cables connected to
other devices, the mother
board or interface card(s) are
correctly seated.
Striped/colored edge is pin
Attaching System Cables
The computer system the Maxtor hard drive is being installed in will have its own cable placement and connection methods. This means that the location of
the IDE interface connectors on the mother board and/or interface card and the orientation of pin one is determined by the manufacturer. Also, older systems
and interface cards may have only a single IDE interface connection – limiting the system to two IDE devices. Refer to the system or interface card user’s
manual for cable connection and orientation instructions.
6
Attach the 40-pin IDE interface cable from the Maxtor hard drive to the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card. Insure that the red edge of
the ribbon cable is oriented to pin 1 on the interface.
4 – 18
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INSTALLATION
System Setup
The following procedures are designed for systems using the DOS 5.0 (or higher), Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. For other operating
systems (e.g., Windows NT, OS2, UNIX, LINUX and NovellNetWare), refer to the operating system user’s manual for the BIOS setting and other installation
requirements.
7
For drives with capacities larger than 8.4 GB, the full installation set for Windows 95A or 95B (OSR2), Windows 98 or equivalent, is required. Operating systems
that do not support extended interrupt 13 cannot access or format a drive larger than 8.4 GB. This is true regardless of BIOS, mother board or interface card
support. DOS based operating systems do not support this interrupt and are limited to a maximum drive size that they can format and access of 8.4 GB. It is not
possible to upgrade from a DOS operating system to Windows 95 and obtain the full capacity of a drive larger than 8.4 GB.
Setting the BIOS (CMOS)
The SETUP (BIOS) program identifies the system configuration information (e.g., floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, video, etc.) used to identify devices
attached to the computer during system boot. This includes the information about what kind and how many IDE hard drives are attached to the system.
IMPORTANT: Please Note – Major BIOS manufacturers like AMI, Award and Phoenix provide their core BIOS programs to system board manufacturers and
OEM’s who have the capability of making modifications to some of the descriptions and definitions to meet their unique requirements. These changes include,
but are not limited to, how to access the BIOS, the appearance of the information on the screens and the location of parameters within the BIOS. Refer to the
system or BIOS manufacturers documentation or contact the system manufacturer for the correct procedure to enter the BIOS setup program for your
computer. Some manufacturers may use their own unique BIOS definitions and configurations and will also have their own methods for accessing and setting
the BIOS. If you have a system that uses such a unique BIOS, refer to the system user’s manual or contact the manufacturer for assistance.
WARNING: When entering settings for the Maxtor hard drive, be careful not to change any of the other BIOS settings, or other parts of
the system may not work correctly.
BIOS (CMOS) Parameters
In order for the computer system to recognize the new Maxtor hard drive, it is necessary to set the system BIOS with the correct information about the drive.
To do this, run the system SETUP (BIOS) program.
The Maxtor hard drive must be identified to the system through the BIOS and it must be registered in the BIOS based upon its position relative to the other IDE
devices connected to the system and recorded in the BIOS.
Most newer BIOS’ provide the descriptions of Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master and Secondary Slave (see section 2) which identify the
device configuration and location on an IDE interface and its relationship to the other IDE devices on the same interface or ribbon cable.
Some older BIOS versions do not use this terminology for identification and it may be necessary to refer to the system user’s manual or BIOS documentation to
determine where the drive settings should be set in that specific BIOS. If this information is not available, then it will be necessary to contact the system
manufacturer for the correct terminology to correctly identify the drives within the system.
The following are the typical steps to be used to set the hard drive parameters in a BIOS:
A
B
Turn the system ON. During the system start-up sequence, run the SETUP (BIOS) program or similar commands to access the system BIOS.
Note: Newer systems will typically display a message (e.g., press DEL to Enter Setup) identifying how to access the SETUP (BIOS) program.
Once the SETUP (BIOS) program is active, do one of the following to set the BIOS parameters for the Maxtor hard drive.
1
Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive settings are displayed, select the correct entry (Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master or
Secondary Slave or their equivalents) to set the parameters for the Maxtor hard drive.
If the SETUP program provides an “AUTO DETECT” capability, use this feature to detect the Maxtor hard drive. If the SETUP program does not have
AUTO DETECT, set the drive parameters as defined in step 2. Typically, this feature is available for each individual IDE device. It may be necessary to
exit the BIOS, re-boot the system and re-enter the BIOS before the AUTO DETECT operation will take effect.
IMPORTANT After the SETUP program has detected the hard drive, verify that the Logical Block Addressing (LBA) mode is enabled for the drive - as
not all BIOS versions set this feature during the AUTO DETECT process.
Comment: When LBA is enabled, some BIOS programs (typically Award) will change the values of the cylinders and heads by dividing the cylinders by
2, 4, 8 or 16 and multiplying the heads by the same value. This operation will not change the capacity of the hard drive.
If the system correctly detects the drive and does not hang during the boot process, proceed to Section 8. If the system hangs during the POST,
proceed to Section 9. If Auto Detect did not find the drive and no error message was presented, proceed to step 2 below.
2
Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive definitions are displayed and select the appropriate entry (Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary
Master or Secondary Slave – or their equivalents) for the Maxtor hard drive. If the SETUP program does not provide an AUTO DETECT capability, the
drive parameters must be set using the User Definable Type (UDT).
4 – 19
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INSTALLATION
Set the Cylinder, Head and Sector values with the values listed on the drive label. The drive label is located on the top cover of the drive. The fields
LZone (Landing Zone) and WPcom (Write Pre-comp) are not used by the Maxtor hard drive. These fields may be set to 0 or by the values assigned by
the BIOS.
Note: Each BIOS manufacturer uses different methods of identifying the UDT. Newer BIOS’ from all manufacturer’s will usually include an entry called
“User” or “User 1.” Older BIOS’ vary in the method used to identify the UDT. Following are examples of BIOS UDT: AMI = Type 47, Award = Type 47 and
Phoenix = Type 48
Only the cylinder, head and sector values printed on the drive label must be entered. All other values may be zero (0). Set the LBA mode to enabled for this
drive. Refer to the system user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer for information on enabling LBA.
If the SETUP program does not provide the UDT, set the BIOS to the drive type with the largest capacity of those listed in the BIOS.
C
After the drive parameters are entered, follow the SETUP program procedures to save the settings and exit the SETUP program. After changing BIOS
settings, saving the values and exiting, the SETUP program should force the system to re-boot.
If you are not sure how the UDT is defined in the BIOS, refer to the computer user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer.
Hard Drive Preparation
To finish the installation, the drive must be partitioned and formatted. Hard drive partitioning and formatting may be done with the operating system software
or with MaxBlast installation software. Select A or B below to complete the preparation of the Maxtor hard drive.
8
NOTE: Drive letter assignment is controlled by the operating system and not by the BIOS or MaxBlast. The operating system assigns drive letters to all devices
as follows: (1) to all hard drives and their partitions; (2) to all other devices like CD-ROM’s and tape drives. When adding an additional hard drive to the system,
the drive letters will be automatically changed by the operating system.
A
Preparing the hard drive using the operating system software.
IMPORTANT Due to operating system limitations, DOS operating systems cannot access the full capacity of drives larger than 8.4 GB. The Windows 95 full
installation, not an upgrade from DOS, operating system or equivalent is required to obtain the full capacity of any drive larger than 8.4 GB.
If the system or interface card correctly supports the Maxtor hard drive, the drive may be partitioned and formatted using the operating system software. If the
cylinder limitation jumper (J46) is installed or the BIOS does not support the hard drive, the MaxBlast installation software (option B below) must be used to
prepare the hard drive.
NOTE: All versions of DOS, PC-DOS, DR-DOS and Windows 95A (FAT 16 support) have a partition size limitation of 2.1 GB. For drives larger than 2.1 GB, the
drive must be divided into partitions that do not exceed the 2.1 GB limitation. Windows 95B (OSR2) does not have this limitation. Windows NT, OS2, UNIX,
LINUX and Novell NetWare may have different limitations but please refer to their documentation or contact the manufacturer to verify their support or
limitations.
For detailed operating system installation assistance, refer to the system manufacturers user’s manual, the operating system user’s manual or contact the
manufacturer directly.
B
Preparing the hard drive using MaxBlast installation software.
1
2
Boot the system with the bootable MaxBlast software installation diskette.
The MaxBlast installation software will load and the first screen of the program will display. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the hard drive
installation.
4 – 20
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INSTALLATION
System Hangs During Boot
If the system hangs during the boot process after installing the Maxtor hard drive – either before or after setting the system BIOS – the system many have a
BIOS with a cylinder limitation. This may occur for hard drives that exceed 2.1 GB. If this happens,
do the following:
9
1
2
Turn the system OFF.
Install the cylinder limitation jumper (J46) on the drive. The figure below shows the Maxtor hard drive configured as a Master or Slave device with the
cylinder limitation jumper installed.
IMPORTANT: When the Cylinder Limitation jumper (J46) is installed, the Maxtor hard drive must be prepared using MaxBlast installation software.
3
If the BIOS was set to AUTO DETECT, follow the instructions in Section 7 to prepare the hard drive using the MaxBlast installation software.
IfotherBIOSsettingswereused,accessthesystemBIOSSETUPprogramandsettheparameterstoaUserDefinableTypewith4,092cylinders,16headsand63
sectorspertrackfortheMaxtorharddrive.ThenfollowtheinstructionsforsettingtheBIOSinSection7thenSection8topreparetheharddrivewithMaxBlastsoftware.
4 – 21
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AT INTERFACEDESCRIPTION
SECTION 5
AT Interface Description
Interface Connector
All DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 AT drives have a 40-pin ATA interface connector mounted on the PCBA. The
drive may connect directly to the host; or it can also accommodate a cable connection (max cable length:
18 inches).
Figure 5-1
Data Connector
Pin Description Summary
PIN
01
03
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
SIGNAL
PIN
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
SIGNAL
Ground
DD8
Reset -
DD7
DD6
DD9
DD5
DD10
DD4
DD11
DD3
DD12
DD2
DD13
DD1
DD0
DD14
DD15
Ground
(keypin)
Ground
Ground
Ground
CSEL
DMARQ
DIOW -:STOP
DIOR -:HDMARDY:HSTROBE
IORDY:DDMARDY:DSTROBE
DMACK -
Ground
IOCS16
Obsolete
31
INTRQ
32
33
35
37
39
DA1
DA0
34
36
38
40
PDIAG -
DA2
CS0 -
DASP -
CS1 -
Ground
5 – 22
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ATINTERFACEDESCRIPTION
Pin Description Table
PIN NAME
RESET -
DD0
PIN
I/O SIGNAL NAME
SIGNAL DESCRIPTION
01
I
Host Reset
Reset signal from the host system. Active during power up and inactive after.
17
I/O Host Data Bus
16 bit bi-directional data bus between host and drive. Lower 8 bits used for register
and ECC byte transfers. All 16 bits used for data transfers.
DD1
DD2
15
13
11
09
07
05
03
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
21
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
DD3
DD4
DD5
DD6
DD7
DD8
DD9
DD10
DD11
DD12
DD13
DD14
DD15
DMARQ
O
DMA Request
Host I/O Write
Host I/O Read
This signal is used with DMACK for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the
drive indicates that data is ready to be transfered to and from the host.
DIOW -
STOP
23
25
I
Rising edge of Write strobe clocks data from the host data bus to a register on the
drive.
DIOR -
HDMARDY
I
Read strobe enables data from a register on the drive onto the host data bus.
DMA ready during UltraDMA data in bursts.
Data strobe during UltraDMA data out bursts.
HSTROBE
IORDY
DDMARDY
-
27
O
I/O Channel Ready
This signal may be driven low by the drive to insert wait states into host I/O cycles.
DMA ready during UltraDMA data out bursts.
Data strobe during UltraDMA data in bursts.
DSTROBE
CSEL
DMACK -
INTRQ
28
29
31
Cable Select
Used for Master/Slave selection via cable. Requires special cabling on host system
and installation of Cable Select jumper.
I
DMA Acknowledge This signal is used with DMARQ for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the
host is acknowledging the receipt of data or is indicating that data is available.
O
Host Interrupt
Request
Interrupt to the host asserted when the drive requires attention from the host.
IOCS16
PDIAG -
DA0
32
34
35
33
36
37
Device 16 bit I/O
Obsolete
I/O Passed Diagnostic
Output by drive when in Slave mode; Input to drive when in Master mode.
3 bit binary address from the host to select a register in the drive.
I
I
I
I
Host Address Bus
DA1
DA2
CS0 -
Host Chip Select 0
Host Chip Select 1
Chip select from the host used to access the Command Block registers in the drive.
This signal is a decode of I/O addresses 1F0 - 1F7 hex.
CS1 -
DASP -
GND
38
39
I
Chip select from the host used to access the Control registers in the drive. This
signal is a decode of I/O addresses 3F6 - 3F7 hex.
I/O Drive Active/Drive 1 Time-multiplexed, open collector output which indicates that a drive is active, or that
Present
device 1 is present.
02
19
22
24
26
30
40
20
N/A Ground
Signal ground.
KEY
N/A Key
Pin used for keying the interface connector.
5 – 23
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AT INTERFACEDESCRIPTION
PIO Timing
TIMING PARAMETERS
MODE 0
MODE 1
MODE 2
MODE 3
MODE 4
t0
Cycle Time (min)
600 ns
70 ns
383 ns
50 ns
240 ns
30 ns
180 ns
30 ns
80 ns
70 ns
30 ns
10 ns
20 ns
5 ns
120 ns
25 ns
70 ns
25 ns
20 ns
10 ns
20 ns
5 ns
t1
Address valid to DIOR-/DIOW- setup (min)
DIOR-/DIOW- 16-bit (min)
DIOR-/DIOW- recovery time (min)
DIOW- data setup (min)
t2
165 ns
125 ns
100 ns
t2i
t3
60 ns
30 ns
50 ns
5 ns
45 ns
20 ns
35 ns
5 ns
30 ns
15 ns
20 ns
5 ns
t4
DIOW- data hold (min)
t5
DIOR- data setup (min)
t6
DIOW- data hold (min)
t6Z
t9
DIOR- data tristate (max)
30 ns
20 ns
0
30 ns
15 ns
0
30 ns
10 ns
0
30 ns
10 ns
0
30 ns
10 ns
0
DIOR-/DIOW- to address valid hold (min)
Read Data Valid to IORDY active (min)
IORDY Setup Time
tRd
tA
tB
35 ns
1250 ns
35 ns
1250 ns
35 ns
1250 ns
35 ns
1250 ns
35 ns
1250 ns
IORDY Pulse Width (max)
Figure 5 - 2
PIO Data Transfer To/From Device
5 – 24
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ATINTERFACEDESCRIPTION
DMA Timing
TIMING PARAMETERS
MODE 0
MODE 1
MODE 2
t0
Cycle Time (min)
480 ns
150 ns
120 ns
tC
tD
tE
DMACK to DMARQ delay
DIOR-/DIOW- (min)
215 ns
150 ns
5 ns
80 ns
60 ns
5 ns
70 ns
DIOR- data access (min)
tF
DIOR- data hold (min)
5 ns
20 ns
10 ns
0
tG
tH
tI
DIOR-/DIOW- data setup (min)
DIOW- data hold (min)
100 ns
20 ns
0
30 ns
15 ns
0
DMACK to DIOR-/DIOW- setup (min)
DIOR-/DIOW- to DMACK hold (min)
DIOR- negated pulse width (min)
DIOW- negated pulse width (min)
DIOR- to DMARQ delay (max)
DIOW- to DMARQ delay (max)
DMACK- to tristate (max)
tJ
20 ns
50 ns
215 ns
120 ns
40 ns
20 ns
5 ns
5 ns
tKr
tKw
tLr
tLw
tZ
50 ns
50 ns
40 ns
40 ns
25 ns
25 ns
25 ns
35 ns
35 ns
25 ns
Figure 5 - 3
Multi-word DMA Data Transfer
5 – 25
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AT INTERFACEDESCRIPTION
Ultra DMA Timing
TIMING PARAMETERS (all times in nanoseconds)
MODE 0
MODE 1
MODE 2
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX
tCYC
Cycle Time (from STROBE edge to STROBE edge)
114
235
75
55
t2CYC
Two cycle time (from rising edge to next rising edge or
from falling edge to next falling edge of STROBE)
156
117
tDS
Data setup time (at recipient)
Data hold time (at recipient)
15
5
10
5
7
5
70
5
tDH
tDVS
Data valid setup time at sender (time from data bus being
valid until STROBE edge)
70
48
34
tDVH
Data valid hold time at sender (time from STROBE edge
until data may go invalid)
6
0
6
0
6
0
20
tFS
tLI
First STROBE (time for device to send first STROBE)
230
150
200
150
170
Limited interlock time (time allowed between an action by
one agent, either host or device, and the following action
by the other agent)
0
0
0
150
10
tMLI
tUI
Interlock time with minimum
20
0
20
0
20
0
Unlimited interlock time
tAZ
Maximum time allowed for outputs to release
10
10
tZAH
tZAD
tENV
20
0
20
0
20
0
Minimum delay time required for output drivers turning on
(from released state)
Envelope time (all control signal transitions are within the
DMACK envelope by this much time)
20
70
50
75
20
70
30
60
20
70
20
50
tSR
tRFS
tRP
STROBE to DMARDY (response time to ensure the
synchronous pause case when the recipient is pausing)
Ready-to-final-STROBE time (no more STROBE edges may
be sent this long after receiving DMARDY- negation)
Ready-to-pause time (time until a recipient may assume
that the sender has paused after negation of DMARDY-)
160
125
100
tIORDYZ Pull-up time before allowing IORDY to be released
tZIORDY Minimum time device shall wait before driving IORDY
20
20
20
0
0
0
tACK
Setup and hold times before assertion and negation of
DMACK-
20
20
20
tSS
Time from STROBE edge to STOP assertion when the
sender is stopping
50
50
50
DMARQ
(device)
tUI
DMACK-
(host)
tFS
tACK
tENV
tZAD
STOP
(host)
tFS
tACK
tENV
HDMARDY-
(host)
tZAD
tZIORDY
DSTROBE
(device)
tAZ
tVDS
tDVH
DD(15:0)
tACK
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 4
Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
5 – 26
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ATINTERFACEDESCRIPTION
t2CYC
tCYC
tCYC
t2CYC
DSTROBE
at device
tDVH
tDVH
tDVH
tDVS
tDVS
DD(15:0)
at device
DSTROBE
at host
tDH
tDS
tDH
tDS
tDH
DD(15:0)
at host
Figure 5 - 5
Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst
DMARQ
(device)
DMACK-
(host)
tRP
STOP
(host)
tSR
HDMARDY-
(host)
tRFS
DSTROBE
(device)
DD(15:0)
(device)
Figure 5 - 6
Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
5 – 27
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AT INTERFACEDESCRIPTION
DMARQ
(device)
tMLI
DMACK-
(host)
tACK
tLI
tLI
STOP
(host)
tACK
tLI
HDMARDY-
(host)
tSS
tIORDYZ
DSTROBE
(device)
tZAH
tAZ
tDVS
tDVH
DD(15:0)
CRC
tACK
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 7
Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
DMARQ
(device)
tLI
tMLI
DMACK-
(host)
tZAH
tAZ
tRP
tACK
STOP
(host)
tACK
HDMARDY-
(host)
tRFS
tMLI
tLI
tIORDYZ
DSTROBE
(device)
tDVS
tDVH
DD(15:0)
CRC
tACK
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 8
Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst
5 – 28
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ATINTERFACEDESCRIPTION
DMARQ
(device)
tUI
DMACK-
(host)
tACK
tENV
STOP
(host)
tZIORDY
tLI
tUI
DDMARDY-
(device)
tACK
HSTROBE
(host)
tDVS
tDVH
DD(15:0)
(host)
tACK
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 9
Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
t2CYC
tCYC
tCYC
t2CYC
HSTROBE
at host
tDVH
tDVH
tDVH
tDVS
tDVS
DD(15:0)
at host
HSTROBE
at device
tDH
tDS
tDH
tDS
tDH
DD(15:0)
at device
Figure 5 - 10
Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
5 – 29
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AT INTERFACEDESCRIPTION
tRP
DMARQ
(device)
DMACK-
(host)
STOP
(host)
tSR
DDMARDY-
(device)
tRFS
HSTROBE
(host)
DD(15:0)
(host)
Figure 5 - 11
Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
tLI
DMARQ
(device)
tMLI
DMACK-
(host)
tLI
tACK
tSS
STOP
(host)
tLI
tIORDYZ
DDMARDY-
(device)
tACK
HSTROBE
(host)
tDVS
tDVH
DD(15:0)
(host)
CRC
tACK
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 12
Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
5 – 30
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ATINTERFACEDESCRIPTION
DMARQ
(device)
DMACK-
(host)
tLI
tMLI
tACK
STOP
(host)
tRP
tIORDYZ
DDMARDY-
(device)
tRFS
tMLI
tACK
tDVH
tACK
tLI
HSTROBE
(host)
tDVS
DD(15:0)
(host)
CRC
DA0, DA1, DA2,
CS0-, CS1-
Figure 5 - 13
Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst
5 – 31
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SECTION 6
Host Software Interface
The host communicates with the drive through a set of controller registers accessed via the host’s I/O ports.
These registers divide into two groups: the Task File, used for passing commands and command parameters and
the Control/Diagnostic registers.
Task File Registers
The Task File consists of eight registers used to control fixed disk operations. The host accesses each register
by the I/O port address shown in this Task File register map:
I/O PORT
1F0h
1F1h
1F2h
1F3h
1F4h
1F5h
1F6h
READ
WRITE
Data Register
Error Register
Sector Count
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Drive/Head (SDH)
Status Register
Data Register
Features Register
Sector Count
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Drive/Head (SDH)
Command Register
1F7h
Data Register
Provides access to the drive’s sector buffer for read and write operations. With the exception of ECC byte
transfers (which, during Read long and Write long commands, are 8 bits wide), data transfers through the
Data register are all 16 bits wide.
Error Register
A read-only register containing specific information regarding the previous command. Data interpretation
differs depending on whether the controller is in operational or diagnostic mode. A power up, reset,
software reset, or receipt of a diagnostic command sets the controller into diagnostic mode. This mode
invalidates contents of the Status register. The contents of the Error register reflect a completion code.
Issuing any command (apart from a Diagnostic command) places the controller into operational mode.
In operational mode, the Error register is valid only when the Error bit in the Status register is set. The bit
definitions for operational mode follow:
7
0
6
5
0
4
3
0
2
1
0
ECC
IDNF
ABRT
TK0
AMNF
Interface
CRC
Data
ECC Error
Not
Used
ID
Not
Used
Aborted
Command
Track 0
Error
Address
Mark Not
Found
Not Found
Interface CRC – An interface CRC error occurred during an Ultra DMA transfer.
Data ECC Error – An non-correctable ECC error occurred during a Read Sector command.
Firmware Problem – Indicates a firmware problem was detected, (e.g., invalid interrupt, divide overflow).
ID Not Found – Either a matching ID field not found, or a CRC error occurred.
Aborted Command – Invalid commands, write fault, no seek complete, or drive not ready.
Track 0 Error – Track 0 was not found during execution of a Restore command.
Address Mark Not Found – The Address Mark could not be found after an ID match.
Features Register
Enables or disables features through the Set Features command.
6 – 1
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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE
Sector Count Register
Holds the number of sectors to be sent during a Read or Write command, and the number of sectors per
track during a Format command. A value of zero in this register implies a transfer of 256 sectors. A multi-
sector operation decrements the Sector Count register. If an error occurs during such an operation, this
register contains the remaining number of sectors to be transferred.
Sector Number Register
Holds the starting sector number for any disk operation. The register is updated as each sector is processed in
a multi-sector operation.
Cylinder Number Registers
Two 8-bit Cylinder Number registers (Low and High) specify the starting cylinder for disk operation.
Device/Head Register
Used to specify the drive and head number to be operated on during any disk operations. Within the
context of a Set Parameters command, this register specifies the maximum number of heads on the drive.
Bit definitions follow:
7
1
6
5
1
4
3
2
1
0
LBA
DRV
HS3
HS2
HS1
HS0
Drive
Head
Head
Head
Mode
Select
Select
Select
Select
Select
Select LBA Mode – Enabling this bit for commands not supported by LBA mode will abort the selected command. When set,
the Task File register contents are defined as follows for the Read/Write and translate command:
CONTENTS
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Drive/Head
LBA BITS
0 - 7
8 - 15
16 - 23
24 - 27
Drive Select – Set to 0 to select the master drive; set to 1 to select the slave drive.
Head Select – Specifies the binary coded address of the head to be selected.
Status Register
Contains results of the last command executed, and the drive’s status. The other seven Task File registers may
be read only when bit 7 (BUSY) of the Status register is low. Reading any of the Task File registers when
BUSY is high returns the value of the Status register. Reading the Status register also clears any interrupt
request to the host. Bit definitions follow:
7
6
5
4
3
2
0
1
0
0
BUSY
DRDY
DF
DSC
DRQ
ERR
Error
Controller
Busy
Device
Ready
Device
Fault
Device Seek Data
Complete Request
Controller Busy – Goes active when a command is written to the Command register, indicating controller task
execution. After a command, this bit resets.
Device Ready – Indicates that the drive is ready for commands. If drive ready is not present, all commands abort.
Device Fault – Indicates the drive’s detection of a write fault condition, causing all commands to abort.
Device Seek Complete – Signifies a seek completion, and that the drive is on track.
Data Request – Indicates that the drive’s sector buffer is ready for data transfer.
Error – The Error bit sets when the previous command has completed with a non-recoverable error.
6 – 2
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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE
Command Register
Contains code for the command to be performed. Additional command information should be written to the
task file before the Command register is loaded. When this register is written, the BUSY bit in the Status
register sets, and interrupt request to the host clears; invalid commands abort. (Detailed information on interface
commands is given in Section 7.) Hex values for valid command formats follow:
Read Commands
Read Sector(s)
20h
21h
22h
23h
40h
41h
E4h
C4h
C8h
C9h
Normal reads; retries enabled
Normal reads; retries disabled
Read Long; retries enabled
Read Long; retries disabled
Retries enabled
Read Verify Sector(s)
Retries disabled
Read Sector Buffer
Read Multiple
Read DMA
No retries
Write Commands
Write Sector(s)
30h
31h
32h
33h
3Ch
E8h
C5h
CAh
CBh
Normal writes; retries enabled
Normal writes; retries disabled
Write Long; retries enabled
Write Long; retries disabled
Write Verify Sector(s)
Write Sector Buffer
Write Multiple
Write DMA
No retries
Mode Set/Check Commands
Set Features
Set Multiple Mode
EFh
C6h
Power Mode Commands
Standby Immediate
Idle Immediate
Standby
94/E0h Stops drive spindle; do not change time-out value
95/E1h Starts spindle; do not change time-out value
96/E2h Stops spindle; change time-out value
97/E3h Starts spindle; change time-out value
98/E5h
Idle
Check Power Mode
Set Sleep Mode
99/E6h
Initialization Commands
Identify Drive
Initialize Drive Parameters
Re-calibrate
ECh
91h
1xh
Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands
Seek
7xh
50h
90h
Format Track
Execute Drive Diagnostic
S.M.A.R.T. Commands
Execute S.M.A.R.T.
B0h
6 – 3
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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE
Summary
COMMAND NAME
COMMAND CODE
PARAMETERS USED
b7
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
b6
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
b5
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
b4
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
b3
x
b2
x
b1
x
b0
x
F
SC
N
Y
SN
N
Y
C
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
SDH
D
Y
Recalibrate
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Read Sector(s)
Read DMA
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
x
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
x
L
0
L
1
0
0
0
x
x
x
Y
Y
Y
Write Sector(s)
Write DMA
x
Y
Y
Y
x
Y
Y
Y
Write Verify Sector(s)
Read Verify Sector(s)
Format Track
0
x
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
0
x
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Seek
Y
Execute Diagnostic
Initialize Parameters
Read Sector Buffer
Write Sector Buffer
Identify Drive
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
D
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
D
D
D
D
Y
Set Features
Read Multiple
Write Multiple
Set Multiple Mode
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
D
TIMER VALUE
TIME-OUT PERIOD
Time-out disabled
(value * 5) seconds
((value - 240) * 30) minutes
21 minutes
0
1 - 240
241 - 251
252
253
254
Vendor unique period = 10 hours
Reserved
255
21 minutes, 15 seconds
6 – 4
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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE
Control Diagnostic Registers
These I/O port addresses reference three Control/Diagnostic registers:
I/O PORT
3F6h
READ
WRITE
Fixed Disk Control
Not used
Alternate Status
Digital Input
3F7h
Alternate Status Register
Contains the same information as the Status register in the Task File. However, this register may be read at
any time without clearing a pending interrupt.
Device Control Register
Contains the software Reset and Enable bit to enable interrupt requests to the host. Bit definitions follow:
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
1
IEN
0
0
SRST
Reset
IRQ Enable
Reset – Setting the software Reset bit holds the drive in the reset state. Clearing the bit re-enables the drive.
The software Reset bit must be held active for a minimum of 5 µsec.
IRQ Enable – Setting the Interrupt Request Enable to 0 enables the IRQ 14 signal to the host. When this bit is set
to 1, IRQ14 is tri-stated, and interrupts to the host are disabled. Any pending interrupt occurs when the bit is set to 0.
The default state of this bit after power up is 0 (interrupt enabled).
Digital Input Register
Contains information about the state of the drive. Bit definitions follow:
7
x
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-WG
-HS3
-HS2
-HS1
-HS0
-DS1
DS0
Reserved
Head
Select 3
Head
Select 2
Head
Select 1
Head
Select 0
Drive
Select 1
Drive
Select 0
Gate
Bit 7 of the host data bus is not driven when this register is read.
-Write Gate – Reflects the state of the active low write gate signal on the drive.
-Head Select 3 through -Head Select 0 – Represents the ones complement of the currently selected head number.
-Drive Select 1 – Is 0 if drive 1 selected; 1 otherwise.
-Drive Select 0 – Is 0 if drive 0 selected; 1 otherwise.
6 – 5
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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE
Reset and Interrupt Handling
Reset Handling
One of three different conditions may cause a reset: power on, hardware reset or software reset. All three
cause the interface processor to initialize itself and the Task File registers of the interface. A reset also causes a
set of the Busy bit in the Status register. The Busy bit does not clear until the reset clears and the drive
completes initialization. Completion of a reset operation does not generate a host interrupt.
Task File registers are initialized as follows:
Error
1
1
1
0
0
0
Sector Count
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Drive/Head
Interrupt Handling
The drive requests data transfers to and from the host by asserting its IRQ 14 signal. This signal interrupts the
host if enabled by bit 1 (IRQ enable) of the Fixed Disk Control register.
Clear this interrupt by reading the Status register, writing the Command register, or by executing a host
hardware or software reset.
6 – 6
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SECTION 7
Interface Commands
The following section describes the commands (and any parameters necessary to execute them),
as well as Status and Error register bits affected.
Read Commands
Read Sector(s)
Read Verify Sector(s)
Read Sector Buffer
Read DMA
Multi-word DMA
Ultra DMA
Read Multiple
Set Multiple
Write Commands
Write Sector(s)
Write Verify Sector(s)
Write Sector Buffer
Write DMA
Multi-word DMA
Ultra DMA
Write Multiple
Set Feature Commands
Set Features Mode
Power Mode Commands
Standby Immediate
Idle Immediate
Standby
Idle
Check Power Mode
Set Sleep Mode
Default Power-on Condition
Initialization Commands
Identify Drive
Initialize Drive Parameters
7 – 1
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Read Commands
Read Sector(s)
Reads from 1 to 256 sectors, as specified in the Command Block, beginning at the specified sector. (A sector
count of 0 requests 256 sectors.) Immediately after the Command register is written, the drive sets the BSY
bit and begins execution of the command. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is
performed.
Once at the desired track, the drive searches for the data address mark of the requested sector. The data
address mark must be recognized within a specified number of bytes, or the Data Address Mark Not Found
error will be reported. Assuming the data address mark is found:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The data field is read into the sector buffer.
Error bits are set (if an error was encountered).
The DRQ bit is set.
An interrupt is generated.
The DRQ bit is always set, regardless of the presence or absence of an error condition after the sector.
Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and
sector of the last sector read. Back-to-back sector read commands set DRQ and generate an interrupt when
the sector buffer is filled at the completion of each sector. The drive is then ready for the data to be read by
the host. DRQ is reset and BSY is set immediately when the host empties the sector buffer.
If an error occurs during Read Sector commands, the read terminates at the sector where the error occurred.
The host may then read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and the sector where it
happened. If the error type is a correctable or an non-correctable data error, the flawed data is loaded into
the sector buffer.
A Read Long command sets the Long bit in the command code and returns the data and the ECC bytes in
the data field of the specified sector. During a Read Long, the drive does not check the ECC bytes to
determine if there has been a data error. The Read Long command is limited to single sector requests.
Read Verify Sector(s)
Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that:
1.
2.
3.
DRQ is never set,
No data is transferred back to the host and
The long bit is not valid.
7 – 2
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Read DMA
Multi-word DMA
Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that
1.
2.
The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,
Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel
and
3.
The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has
terminated and status is available.
Ultra DMA
With the Ultra DMA Read protocol, the control signal (DSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is
generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data strobe
signal are given DSTROBE to the drive during an Ultra DMA data in burst.
During an Ultra DMA Read burst, the drive always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to
allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a DSTROBE edge to
latch the data. Both edges of DSTROBE are used for data transfers.
Any unrecoverable error encountered during execution of a Read DMA command terminates data transfer
after the transfer of all sectors prior to the sector where the error was detected. The sector in error is not
transferred. The drive generates an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is
available. The error posting is identical to the Read Sector(s) command.
Read Multiple
Performs similarly to the Read Sector(s) command, except that for each READ MULTIPLE command data
transfers are multiple sector blocks and the Long bit is not valid.
Execution is also similar to that of the READ SECTOR(S) command, except that:
1.
2.
Several sectors are transferred to the host as a block, without intervening interrupts.
DRQ qualification of the transfer is required only at the start of each block, not of each sector.
The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block. (The block count is
programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Read Multiple
command.) READ LONG command is limited to single sector requests.
When the Read Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors
requested — not the number of blocks or the block count. If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible
by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer.
This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where N = (sector count) modulo (block count)
The Read Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:
1.
2.
Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or
When Read Multiple commands are disabled.
The controller reports disk errors encountered during Read Multiple commands at the start of the block or
partial block transfer. However, DRQ still sets, and the transfer occurs normally, along with the transfer of
any corrupt data. Remaining block data from the following the sector in error is not valid.
If the Sector Count register contains 0 when the Set Multiple Mode command is issued, Read Multiple and
Write Multiple commands are disabled; no error is returned. Once the appropriate action has been taken, the
controller resets BSY and generates an interrupt. At power up, or after a hardware or software reset, Read
Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled by default.
7 – 3
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Set Multiple Mode
Enables the controller to perform Read and Write Multiple operations, and establishes the block count for
these commands. Before issuing this command, the Sector Count register should be loaded with the number
of sectors per block. The drives support block sizes of 2, 4, 8 and 16 sectors.
When this command is received, the controller sets BSY and examines the Sector Count register contents. If
they contain a valid and supported block count value, that value is loaded for all subsequent Read and Write
Multiple commands, and execution of those commands is enabled. An invalid and unsupported block count
in the register results in an Aborted Command error and disallows Read Multiple and Write Multiple
commands.
Write Commands
Write Sector(s)
Writes from 1 to 256 sectors, beginning at a sector specified in the Command Block. (A sector count of 0
requests 256 sectors.)
When the Command register is written, the drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector
buffer with the data to be written. An interrupt is not generated to start the first buffer fill operation.
Once the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY, and begins command execution. If the drive is not
already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed.
The data loaded in the buffer is written to the data field of the sector, followed by the ECC bytes. Upon
command completion, the Command Block registers contain the cylinder, head and sector number of the
last sector written. The next time the buffer is ready to be filled during back-to-back Write Sector
commands, DRQ is set and an interrupt is generated.
After the host fills the buffer, DRQ is reset and BSY is set. If an error occurs, Write Sector operations
terminate at the sector containing the error.
The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and sector where the error
occurred. The host may read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and on which
sector it happened. A Write Long may be executed by setting the Long bit in the command code. The
Write Long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer; the drive itself does
not generate the ECC bytes. Restrict Write Long commands to PIO Mode 0.
Write Verify Sector(s)
Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that the requested sectors are verified immediately after
being written. The verify operation reads (without transferring), and checks for data errors. Any errors
encountered during this operation are reported.
Write Sector Buffer
Allows the host to overwrite the contents of the drive’s sector buffer with a selected data pattern. When this
command is received, the drive:
1. Sets BSY,
2. Sets up the sector buffer for a write operation,
3. Sets DRQ,
4. Resets BSY and
5. Generates an interrupt.
The host may then write up to 256 words of data to the buffer. A disk write task begins to store the host
data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either
the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write commands to optimize
drive throughput.
7 – 4
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Write Multiple
Performs similarly to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:
1. The controller sets BSY immediately upon receipt of the command,
2. Data transfers are multiple sector blocks and
3. The Long bit and Retry bit is not valid.
Command execution differs from Write Sector(s) because:
1. Several sectors transfer to the host as a block without intervening interrupts.
2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required at the start of the block, not on each sector.
The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block and is programmed by the Set
Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Write Multiple command. When the Write
Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested — not the
number of blocks or the block count.
If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are
transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where
N = (sector count) modulo (block count)
The Write Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:
1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or
2. When Write Multiple commands are disabled.
All disk errors encountered during Write Multiple commands report after the attempted disk write of the
block or partial block in which the error occurred.
The write operation ends with the sector in error, even if it was in the middle of a block. When an error
occurs, subsequent blocks are not transferred. When DRQ is set at the beginning of each full and partial
block, interrupts are generated.
Write DMA
Multi-word DMA
Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:
1.
2.
3.
The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,
Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel and
The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated
at status is available.
Ultra DMA
With the Ultra DMA Write protocol, the control signal (HSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is
generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data
strobe signal are given to the host for an Ultra DMA data out burst.
During an Ultra DMA Write burst, the host always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to
allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a HSTROBE edge to
latch the data. Both edges of HSTROBE are used for data transfers.
Any error encountered during Write DMA execution results in the termination of data transfer. The drive
issues an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available in the error register.
The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sector(s) command.
7 – 5
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Set Feature Commands
Set Features Mode
Enables or disables features supported by the drive. When the drive receives this command it:
1. Sets BSY,
2. Checks the contents of the Features register,
3. Clears BSY and
4. Generates an interrupt.
If the value of the register is not a feature supported by the drive, the command is aborted.
The acceptable values in the Features register are defined as follows:
VALUE
02h*
03h
DESCRIPTION
Enabled write cache
Set transfer mode based on value in Sector Count register
44h
Length of data appended on Read Long/Write Long commands specified in the
Identify Device information
55h
Disable read look-ahead feature
66h*
82h
Disable reverting to power-on defaults
Disable write cache
AAh*
BBh*
CCh
Enable read look-ahead feature
4 bytes of Maxtor specific data appended on Read Long/Write Long commands
Enable reverting to power-on defaults
* Enabled at power up by default.
7 – 6
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Power Mode Commands
Standby Immediate – 94h/E0h
Spin down and do not change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive
to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is
not executed.
Idle Immediate – 95h/E1h
Spin up and do not change time out value. This command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is spun
down, and cause the drive to enter the IDLE MODE immediately. If the drive is already spinning, the spin
up sequence is not executed. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.
Standby – 96h/E2h
Spin down and change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter
the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not
executed. A non-zero value placed in the sector count register will enable the Automatic Power Down
sequence. The timer will begin counting down when the drive returns to the IDLE MODE. A value of zero
placed in the sector count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence.
Idle – 97h/E3h
Spin up and change time out value. This command will spin-up the spin motor if the drive is spun-down.
If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the Sector
Count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence and their timer will begin counting down
immediately. A value of zero placed in the Sector Count register will disable the Automatic Power Down
sequence. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.
Check Power Mode – 98h/E5h
This command returns a code in the Sector Count register that determines the current Power Mode status of
the drive. If the drive is in, going to, or recovering from the STANDBY MODE the drive sets the Sector
Count register to OOh. If the drive is in the IDLE MODE or ACTIVE MODE, the drive sets the Sector
Count register to FFh.
Set Sleep Mode – 99h/E6h
This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the SLEEP MODE immediately. If the
drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed.
Note: The only way to recover from SLEEP MODE is with a software reset or a hardware reset.
Default Power-on Condition
The drive’s default power on condition is the ACTIVE MODE.
Upon receiving a Power Mode command, except the SLEEP MODE command, the drive sets BSY and
performs the requested power operation. Once the requested Power Mode change has begun, the drive
resets BSY and generates an interrupt - without waiting for the drive to spin up or spin down. Upon
receiving a SLEEP MODE command the drive is spun down, and when it is stopped, the drive resets BSY
and generates an interrupt.
7 – 7
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
When enabling the Automatic Power Down sequence, the value placed in the Sector Count register is
multiplied by five seconds to obtain the Time-out Interval value. If no drive commands are received from
the host within the Time-out Interval, the drive automatically enters the STANDBY mode. The minimum
value is 5 seconds.
TIMER VALUE
TIME-OUT PERIOD
Time-out disabled
(value * 5) seconds
((value - 240) * 30) minutes
21 minutes
0
1 - 240
241 - 251
252
253
Vendor unique period = 10
hours
254
255
Reserved
21 minutes, 15 seconds
While the drive is in STANDBY MODE, any commands received from the host are accepted and executed
as they would in normal operation, except that the spin motor is started if required to execute a disk
command. Under these conditions, the drive will set BSY when command processing would normally begin
and will leave BSY set until the drive comes up to speed and the disk command can be executed. Disk
commands issued while the drive is in STANDBY MODE, restarts the Time-out Interval after completing
the command. A reset must be issued before attempting to issue any commands while the drive in
SLEEP MODE.
7 – 8
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Initialization Commands
Identify Drive
Allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive.
When the command is received, the drive:
1. Sets BSY,
2. Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer,
3. Sets the DRQ bit and
4. Generates an interrupt.
The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. Parameter words in the buffer follow.
Note that all reserved bits or words should be zeroes.
WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION
0
General configuration
15 = device (0 = ATA, 1 = ATAPI)
14-8 = not used
7, 1 = removable media data
6, 1 = not removable controller and/or device
5-1 = reserved
0
1
2
Number of cylinders
Reserved
3
4-5
6
Number of logical heads
Not used
Number of logical sectors per track
Not used
7-9
10 - 19 Drive serial number (40 ASCII characters)
20
21
22
Not used
Buffer size in 512 byte increments (0000h = not specified)
Number of Maxtor specific bytes available on Read/Write Long commands
23 - 26 Firmware revision (8 ASCII characters)
27 - 46 Model number (40 ASCII characters)
47
48
49
Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt on read and write multiple commands
Reserved
Capabilities
15 - 14 = reserved
13 = standby timer (1 = values as specified in this standard are supported, 0 = values are Maxtor specific)
12 = reserved (advanced PIO mode support)
11, 1 = IORDY supported, 0 = IORDY may be supported
10, 1 = IORDY can be disabled
9-8 = reserved
7-0 = not used
7 – 9
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION
50 Reserved
51 15-8 = PIO data transfer mode
7-0 = not used
52
53
15-8 = DMA data transfer mode
7-0 = not used
15 = reserved
2, 1 = the fields supported in words 88 are valid, 0 = the fields supported in words 88 are not valid
1, 1 = the fields reports in words 64-70 are valid, 0 = the fields reports in words 64-70 are not valid
0, 1 = the fields reports in words 54-58 are valid, 0 = the fields reports in words 54-58 are not valid
Number of current logical cylinders
Number of current logical heads
Number of logical sectors per track
54
55
56
57 - 58 Current capacity in sectors
59
15-9 = reserved
8, 1 = multiple sector setting is valid
7-0xxh = current setting for number of sectors that can per transferred per interrupt on Read/Write Multiple
command
60 - 61 Total number of user addressable sectors (LBA mode only)
62
63
Reserved
15-8 = Multi-word DMA transfer mode active
7-0 = Multi=word DMA transfer modes supported
64
15-8 = reserved
7-0 = advanced PIO transfer modes supported
65
66
67
68
Minimum multi-word DMA transfer cycle time (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)
Manufacturer's recommeded multi-word DMA transfer cycle time (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)
Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)
Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)
69-79 Reserved
80
15-5 = reserved
4, 1 = supports ATA-4
3, 1 = supports ATA-3
2, 1 = supports ATA-2
1, 1 = supports ATA-1
0, reserved
81
82
Minor version number
Command set supported. If words 82 and 83 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported.
15, 1 = supports the Identify Device DMA command
14, 1 = supports the NOP command
13, 1 = supports the Write Buffer command
12, 1 = supports the Read Buffer command
11, 1 = supports the Read Buffer command
10, 1 = supports Host-Protected Area feature set
9, 1 = supports the Device Reset command
8, 1 = supports Service Interupt
7, 1 = supports Release Interupt
6, 1 = supports Look Ahead
5, 1 = supports Write Cache
4, 1 = supports the Packet command feature set
3, 1 = supports the Power Management feature command
2, 1 = supports the Removable feature command
1, 1 = supports the Security featurecommand
0, 1 = supports the SMART feature set
7 – 10
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION
83
Command sets supported. If words 82, 83 and 84 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not
supported.
15 = shall be cleared to zero
14 = shall be set to one
13-1 = reserved
0, 1 = supports Download Microcode command
84
85
Command set extensions supported. If words 84, 85 and 86 = 0000h or FFFFh command set
notification not supported.
15 = shall be cleared to zero
14 = shall be set to one
13-0 = reserved
Command set enabled. If words 84, 85 and 86 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not
supported.
15, 1 = Identify Device DMA command enabled
14, 1 = NOP command enabled
13, 1 = Write Buffer command enabled
12, 1 = Read Buffer command enabled
11, 1 = Write Verify command enabled
10, 1 = Host Protected Area feature set enabled
9, 1 = Device Reset command enabled
8, 1 = Service Interrupt enabled
7, 1 = Release Interrupt enabled
6, 1 = Look Ahead enabled
5, 1 = Write Cache enabled
4, 1 = Packet command feature set enabled
3, 1 = Power Mangement feature set enabled
2, 1 = Removable feature set enabled
1, 1 = Security feature set enabled
0, 1 = SMART feature set enabled
86
Command sets enabled. If words 85, 86 and 87 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not
supported.
15 = shall be cleared to zero
14 = shall be set to one
13-1 = reserved
0, 1 = supports Download Microcode command
87
88
Command sets enabled. If words 85, 86 and 87 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not
supported.
15 = shall be cleared to zero
14 = shall be set to one
13-0 = reserved
Ultra DMA
15-11 Reserved
10 1 = Ultra DMA Mode 2 is selected
9
8
1 = Ultra DMA Mode 1 is selected
1 = Ultra DMA Mode 0 is selected
7-3 Reserved
2
1
0
1 = Ultra DMA Modes 2 and below are supported
1 = Ultra DMA Modes 1 and below are supported
0 = Ultra DMA Mode1 is not supported
1 = Ultra DMA Modes 0 is supported
0 = Ultra DMA Mode 0 is not supported
127
128
Reserved
Security Status
15-9 Reserved
8
Security Level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum
7-5 Reserved
4
3
2
1
0
1 = Security count expired
1 = Security frozen
1 = Security locked
1 = Security enabled
1 = Security supported
129-130 Reserved
131
Spin at power-up, but 0 is asserted when no spin at power-up is enabled.
132-159 Maxtor-specific (not used)
160-255 Reserved
7 – 11
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Initialize Drive Parameters
Enables the drive to operate as any logical drive type. The drive will always be in the translate mode because
of Zone Density Recording, which varies the number of sectors per track depending on the zone.
Through setting the Sector Count Register and Drive Head Register, this command lets the host alter the
drive's logical configuration. As a result, the drive can operate as any equal to or less than capacity drive type.
Do not exceed the total number of sectors available on the drive:
When this command is executed, the drive reads the Sector Counter Register and the Drive Head Register
(and so determines the number of the logical sectors per track and maximum logical head number per
cylinder and will calculate the number of logical cylinders.)
Upon receipt of the command, the drive:
1. Sets BSY,
2. Saves the parameters,
3. Resets BSY and
4. Generates an interrupt.
To specify maximum heads, write 1 less than the maximum (e.g. write 4 for a 5 head drive). To specify
maximum sectors, specify the actual number of sectors (e.g. 17 for a maximum of 17 sectors/track).
The sector count and head values are not checked for validity by this command. If they are invalid, no error
will be posted until an illegal access is made by some other command.
Moves the read/write heads from anywhere on the disk to cylinder 0.
When this command is received, the drive:
1. Sets BSY and
2. Issues a seek to cylinder zero.
The drive waits for the seek to complete, then the drive:
1. Updates status,
2. Resets BSY and
3. Generates an interrupt.
If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0, the Error bit is set in the Status register, and the Track 0 bit is set in the
Error register.
NOTE: If a maximum head and sector number is selected – such that the number of cylinders will exceed 65,535 – then
the maximum cylinder value will be reduced to 65, 535.
7 – 12
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
Seek, Format and Diagnostic Commands
Seek
Initiates a seek to the track, and selects the head specified in the Command block.
1. Sets BSY in the Status register,
2. Initiates the Seek,
3. Resets BSY and
4. Generates an interrupt.
The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt. If a new command is issued
to a drive during the execution of a Seek command, the drive will wait (with BSY active) for the Seek to
complete before executing the new command.
Format Track
Formats the track specified in the Command Block. Shortly after the Command register is written, the drive
sets the bit, and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the interleave table. When the buffer is full,
the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired
track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track the data fields are written with all zeroes.
Execute Drive Diagnostic
Commands the drive to implement the internal diagnostic tests. (These tests are executed only upon
command receipt; they do not run automatically at power up or after a reset.)
The drive sets BSY immediately upon receiving this command. The following table presents the codes and
their descriptions. Note that the value in the Error register should be viewed as a unique 8 bit Code.
ERROR CODE
DESCRIPTION
01
00
No error detected
Master drive failed
Master and slave drives failed
Slave drive failed
80, 82
81
Note: If a slave drive fails diagnostics, the master drive OR’s 80h with its own status, and loads that code into the Error
register. If a slave drive passes diagnostics (or a slave is absent), the master drive OR’s 00 with its own status and loads
that code into the Error register.
7 – 13
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INTERFACECOMMANDS
S.M.A.R.T. Command Set
Execute S.M.A.R.T.
The Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) command has been implemented to
improve the data integrity and data availability of hard disk drives. In some cases, a S.M.A.R.T. capable device
will predict an impending failure with sufficient time to allow users to backup their data and replace the
drive before data loss or loss of service.
The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands (listed below) comprise the ATA S.M.A.R.T. feature set that provide access
to S.M.A.R.T. attribute values, attribute thresholds and other logging and reporting information.
Prior to writing a S.M.A.R.T. command to the device’s command register, key values must be written by the
host into the device’s Cylinder Low and Cylinder High registers, or the command will be aborted. For any
S.M.A.R.T. sub-command, if a device register is not specified as being written with a value by the host, then
the value in that register is undefined and will be ignored by the device. The key values are:
Key
4Fh
C2h
Register
Cylinder Low (1F4h)
Cylinder High (1F5h)
The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands use a single command code (B0h) and are differentiated from one another
by the value placed in the Features register. In order to issue a command, the host must write the sub-
command-specific code to the device’s Features register before writing the command code to the command
register. The sub-commands and their respective codes are:
D0h
D1h
D2h
S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Value
This feature returns 512 bytes of attribute information to the host.
S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Thresholds
This feature returns 512 bytes of warranty failure thresholds to the host.
Enable/Disable Autosave
To enable this feature, set the sector count register to F1h (enable) or 0 (disable). Attribute values are
automatically saved to non-volatile storage on the device after five minutes of idle time and before
entering idle, sleep or standby modes. This feature is defaulted to “enabled” when S.M.A.R.T. is
enabled via the S.M.A.R.T. Enable Operations commands. The autosave feature will not impact host
system performance and does not need to be disabled.
D3h
D4h
S.M.A.R.T. Save Attribute Value
This feature saves the current attribute values to non-volatile storage.
Perform Off-Line Data Collection
Data is collected from random seeks, timed pattern seek times and head margin tests.
D8h
D9h
DAh
Enable S.M.A.R.T.
Disable S.M.A.R.T.
S.M.A.R.T. Return Status
This feature allows the host to assess the status of a S.M.A.R.T. capable device by comparing all saved
attribute values with their corresponding warranty failure thresholds. If no thresholds are exceeded, the
drive is declared to have a positive health status. If any warranty failure threshold is exceeded, the drive
is declared to have a negative health status. Executing this sub-command results in all attribute values
being saved to non-volatile storage on the device.
DBh
Enable/Disable Automatic Off-Line
To enable this feature, set the Sector Count register to F1h or 0 to disable.
7 – 14
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SECTION 8
S e rvic e a n d S u p p o rt
S e rvic e P o lic y
Repairs to any DiamondMax™ Plus 5120 drive should be made only at an authorized Maxtor repair facility.
Any unauthorized repairs or adjustments to the drive void the warranty.
To consistently provide our customers with the best possible products and services, Maxtor developed the
Total Customer Satisfaction (TCS) program. Through the ongoing TCS process, Maxtor employees take
direct responsibility for every customer’s level of satisfaction – with Maxtor technology, price, quality,
delivery, service and support.
No Qu ib b le ® S e rvic e
Another TCS feature is Maxtor’s No Quibble® Service policy. By minimizing paperwork and processing,
No Quibble Service dramatically cuts the turnaround time normally required for repairs and returns.
Here’s how it works:
1. Customer calls 1-800-2MAXTOR for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number
and provides a credit card number,
2. Maxtor ships a replacement drive within 2 business days, and
3. Customer returns the original drive and credit card draft is destroyed.
S u p p o rt
Te c h n ic a l As s is t a n c e
Highly-trained technicians are available 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (Mountain Standard Time) Monday through Friday
to provide detailed technical support.
U.S. and Canada
Language support: English, Spanish
800-2MAXTOR, press 1 (800-262-9867)
303-678-2260
Voice
E-mail
Fax
Outside U.S. and Canada
303-678-2015
Europe
Voice
E-mail
Fax
Language support: English, French, German
+ 353 1 286 62 22
+ 353 1 286 45 77
Asia/ Pacific
Voice
Contact your local Maxtor Sales Office for assistance
Language support: English
E-mail
Ma xIn fo S e rvic e
Use a touch-tone phone to listen to technical information about Maxtor products and the top Q&A’s
from our 24-hour automated voice system.
U.S. and Canada
800-2MAXTOR (800-262-9867)
Press 1, wait for announcement, listen for option
303-678-2015, listen for option
Outside U.S. and Canada
8 – 1
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SERVICEANDSUPPORT
Ma xFa x™ S e rvic e
Use a touch-tone phone to order Technical Reference Sheets, Drive Specifications, Installation Sheets and
other documents from our 24-hour automated fax retrieval system. Requested items are sent to your fax
machine.
U.S. and Canada
Phone
Outside U.S. and Canada
Europe
Language support: English, Spanish
800-2MAXTOR, listen for option (800-262-9867)
303-678-2618
Language support: English, French, German
+ 353 1 204 11 22
Phone
Asia/ Pacific
Phone
Language support: English
+ 61 2 9369 4733
In t e r n e t
Browse the Maxtor home page on Internet, download files from our FTP site.
Home Page
Cu s t o m e r S e rvic e
All Maxtor products are backed by No Quibble® Service, the benchmark for service and support in the
industry. Customer Service is available 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. (Pacific Standard Time) Monday through Friday.
U.S. and Canada
Voice
Language support: English, Spanish
800-2MAXTOR, press 2 (800-262-9867)
E-mail
Fax
408-922-2085
Europe
Voice
Language support: English, French, German
+ 353 1 286 62 22
E-mail
Fax
+ 353 1 286 14 19
Asia/ Pacific
Call Singapore Customer Service from the countries listed below.
Customer Service is available 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (Singapore time is GMT +8).
From
Dial
Australia
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
Malaysia
1-800-124-328
+800-96-3387
+001-803-65-6500
+0031-65-3616
+0078-65-800-6500
1-800-1126
New Zealand
Singapore
Taiwan
+0800-44-6542
1-800-481-6788
+0080-65-1062
+001-800-65-6500
Thailand
8 – 2
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GLOSSARY
Glossary
BLOCK
A
Agroupofbyteshandled,stored,andaccessedasalogicaldataunit,suchasan
individualfilerecord.
ACCESS
BUFFER
Toobtaindatafrom,orplacedatainto,RAM,aregister,ordatastoragedevice.
Atemporarydatastorageareathatcompensatesforadifferenceindatatransferrates
and/ordataprocessingratesbetweensenderandreceiver.
ACCESS TIME
Theintervalbetweentheissuingofanaccesscommandandtheinstantthatthetarget
datamaybereadorwritten.Accesstimeincludesseektime,latencyandcontroller
overheadtime.
BUS
Acollectionoffunctionallyparallelconductorsthatformsaninterconnectionbetween
functionalblocksinadigitaldevice.Alengthofparallelconductorsthatformsamajor
interconnectionroutebetweenthecomputersystemCPU(centralprocessingunit)and
itsperipheralsubsystems. Dependingonitsdesign,abusmaycarrydata,addresses,
power,andmore.
ADDRESS
Anumber,generallybinary,distinguishingaspecificmemberofanorderedsetof
locations.Indiskengineering,theaddressmayconsistofdrives(unitaddress),radial
positions(cylinderaddress),orcircumferentialposition(sectoraddress).
BYTE
Anorderedcollectionofbitstreatedasaunit.Mostoften,abyteisunderstoodto
consistofeightbits.Onebyteisnecessarytodefineanalphanumericcharacter.
ALLOCATION
Aprocessofassigningdesignatedareasofthedisktoparticularfiles.
ALTERNATETRACK
Asparetrackusedintheeventthatanormaltrackbecomesdamagedorisunusable.
C
CACHE
ANALOG
Randomaccessmemory(RAM)usedasabufferbetweentheCPUandthediskdrive.
Asignalorsystemthatdoesnotusedigitalstatestoconveyinformation.Asignalmay
haveanynumberofsignificantstates(values),contrastedtodigitalsignalswhichcan
onlyhavetwostates.
CAPACITY
Theamountofdata,usuallyexpressedinbytes,whichcanbestoredinagivendevice
orportionofsame.
ANSI
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.
CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT(CPU)
Theheartofthecomputersystemthatexecutesprogrammedinstructions.Itincludes
thearithmeticlogicunit(ALU)forperformingallmathandlogicoperations,acontrol
sectionforinterpretingandexecutinginstructions,internalmemoryfortemporary
storageofprogramvariablesandotherfunctions.
APPLICATIONPROGRAM
Asequenceofprogrammedinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtoperformsome
end-usertask,suchasaccountingorwordprocessing.
AREALDENSITY
Bitdensity(bitsperinch)multipliedbytrackdensity(tracksperinch)orbitspersquare
inch.
CHANNEL
Acollectionofelectroniccircuitsusedintheprocessofwritingandreading
informationtoandfrommagneticmedia.
ASYMMETRY
Adistortionofthereadbacksignalwhichisshownindifferentintervalsbetweenthe
positiveandnegativevoltagepeaks.
CHARACTER
Anorderedcollectionofbitsrepresentingoneofasetofpredefinedsymbols.Oftenthe
termisusedinterchangeablywithbyte,butthisisinexact.
AUXILIARYMEMORY
CLOSEDLOOP
Memoryotherthanmainmemory;generallyamass-storagesubsystemcontainingdisk
drivesandbackuptapedrives,controller(s)andbuffermemory(alsocalledperipheral
memory).
Acontroltechniquethatenablesthepositioningsystemtocorrectoff-trackerrorsin
realtime.Theactualheadpositionismonitoredandcomparedtotheidealtrack
positiontodetermineanypositionerrorthatmightbeoccurring.Thisinformationis
thenusedtoproduceacorrectionsignal(feedback)thatgoestothepositionertocorrect
theerror.(Seealsotrackfollowingservo).
AVERAGE ACCESS TIME
Theaveragetimetomakeallpossiblelengthaccesses(seeks).
CLOSEDLOOPSERVO
Aservocontroltechniquethatusespositionfeedbacktocorrectoff-trackerrors.See
TrackFollowingServo.
AVERAGE SEEK TIME
Theaveragetimetomakeallpossiblelengthseeks.Atypicalmeasureofperformance.
CLUSTER
B
ThesmallestallocatableunitofdiskstorageallowedbyMS-DOS;eachFATentry
representsonecluster.
BADBLOCK
Ablockthatcannotstoredatabecauseofamediaflaw.
CONTROLLER
Anelectronicdeviceforconnectingoneormoremassstorageperipherals(rigiddisk
drives,tapedrives,andopticaldiskdrives)totheinput/outputcircuitsofahost
computer.Controllersvaryincomplexity,withmoresophisticatedunitsabletobuffer
andschedulecommands,correctdataerrors,andbypassmediadefectswithouthost
intervention.
BIT
Anabbreviationforbinarydigit,ofwhichtherearetwo(0and1).Abitisthebasic
dataunitofmostdigitalcomputers.Abitisusuallypartofadatabyteorword,butbits
maybeusedsinglytocontrolorreadlogic“on-off”functions.Thefundamentalunit
information,oftenusedlooselytorefertoacircuitormagnetizationstateataparticular
instantintime.
CONTROLLER
AminiatureCPUdedicatedtocontrollingaperipheraldevice,suchasadiskdrive,
tapedrive,videodisplayterminal,orprinter.Thecontrollerexecutescommandsfrom
thecentralprocessingunitandreissuescommandstotheperipheraldevice.
BIOS
AcronymforBasicInput/OutputSystem.ThefirmwareareaofaCPUthatcontrols
operationsthroughthesystembusandtotheattachedcardsandperipheraldevices.
CORRECTABLEERROR
AnerrorthatcanbeovercomebytheuseofErrorDetectionandCorrection.
BPI
Acronymforbitsperinch.Seebitdensity.
GL – 1
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GLOSSARY
CYLINDER
DISK
Onseveraldisksurfacessharingacommonrotationalaxis,theaggregateoftracksata
givenradialposition.Asetofdisktracksthataresimultaneouslyunderthesetofread/
writeheads.Thisthree-dimensionalstoragevolumecanbeaccessedafterasingleseek.
Aflat,circularpieceofmetal(usuallyaluminum)orplastic(usuallymylar)witha
magneticcoatinguponwhichinformationcanberecorded.(See,forexample,floppy
diskorWinchesterdisk)
CYLINDERZERO
Theoutermostcylinderinadrivethatcanbeusedfordatastorage.
DISK DRIVE OR DISK MEMORY DEVICE
Thetotalelectromechanicalstoragedevicecontainingdisksandread/writeheads,head
positioningmechanism,drivemotor,andelectronics.
D
DISK PACK
Anumberofmetaldiskspackagedinacanisterforremovalfromthediskdrive
(predecessorofWinchestertechnology).
DATA
Anorderedcollectionofinformation.Inaspecificcase,itistheinformationprocessed
byacomputer.
DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)
Themastercomputersystemprogramthatschedulestasks,allocatesthecomputersystem
resources,controlsaccessestomassstoragedevices,managesfiles,andsoforth.Typical
diskoperatingsystemsincludeCP/M,MS-DOS,andUNIX.
DATASEPARATOR
Anelectroniccircuitwhichdecodesplaybackdataandproducesseparateclockanddata
bits.Sometimesincorrectlyusedtodenotedatasynchronizer.
DISKSTORAGE
Auxiliarymemorysystemcontainingdiskdrives.
DATASYNCHRONIZER
Anelectroniccircuitproducingaclocksignalthatissynchronouswiththeincoming
datastream.Thisclocksignalisthenusedtodecodetherecordingcodebeingusedinto
userdata.
DISKTRANSFERRATE
Theratethatdigitaldataistransferredfromonepointtoanother.Expressedineither
bits/secondorbytes/second.
DATATRANSFERRATE
DOUBLEFREQUENCYENCODING
AnothernameforFMencoding.Thisisbecauseallpossibledatacombinationswill
resultinonlytwopossibletemporaldisplacementsofadjacentdatabits,specifically
“1F”and2F.”
Inadiskortapedrive,therateatwhichdataistransferredtoorfromthestorage
media.Itisusuallygiveninthousandsofbitspersecond(Kbit/second)ormillionsof
bitspersecond(Mbit/second).
DEDICATEDLANDINGZONE
Adesignatedradialzoneonthediskwherecontactstartingandstoppingoccurby
design.
E
DEDICATEDSERVO
EARLYWINDOW
Aservoschemeinwhichaprerecordedpatternonanotherwiseunuseddisksurface
providespositioninformationtotheservocircuitrybymeansofaheadreadingthat
surface.
Adatawindowthathasbeenintentionallyshiftedintimeinanearlydirection.
EMBEDDEDSERVO
Aservotechniqueusedfortrackfollowing.Positioninformationisprerecorded
betweendataareasinatracksothatadatahead,andproperadditionalcircuitry,can
determinethedataheadlocationwithrespecttothecenterpositionofthetrack(or
cylinder)inquestion.
DEFECT
Amagneticimperfectioninarecordingsurface.
DEFECTMANAGEMENT
Ageneralmethodologyofavoidingdataerrorsonarecordingsurfacebyavoidingthe
useofknownbadareasofmedia.Usuallydefectivesectorsortracksareretiredanddata
arewritteninalternatelocations.Severalalgorithmsarepossiblesuchas“sector
slipping,”or“sparesectorpertrack.”
ERASE
Aprocessbywhichasignalrecordedonamediumisremovedandthemediummade
readyforrerecording.
ERROR CORRECTION CODE (ECC)
Amathematicalalgorithmthatcandetectandcorrecterrorsinadatafield.Thisis
accomplishedwiththeaidofCheckBitsaddedtotherawdata.
DEFECTMAP
Alistofdefectsthatfallwithinapass/failcriteriaofauser.Thislistisusuallyusedbyan
operatingsystemoradiskdrivecontrollerfordefectmanagement.
ERRORFREE
DEFECTSKIPPING
Arecordingsurfacethathasnodefects.
Adefectmanagementschemeforavoidingsurfacedefects.Ithasdatawrittenbeforeand
afterthedefect,insteadofusingalternatetracksorsectorstoavoiduseofthedefective
area.
ERRORRATE
Thenumberoferrors(typemustbespecified)thatoccurinaspecifiednumberofbits
read.
DENSITY
Generally,recordingdensity.Seeareal,bit,andstoragedensity.
ERRORRECOVERYPROCEDURE
Theprocessthatoccursinresponsetoadataerror.InadrivewithoutECC,this
wouldincludere-calibrationandre-seekingtothespecifiedtrackandrereadingthe
specifieddata.
DCERASE
ThemethodoferasingatrackusingaDCwrite/erasecurrentthrougheitheraRead/
WriteorErasehead.
EXTRAPULSE
DIGITAL
Termusedinsurfacecertification.Itiswhenafluxfielddiscontinuityremainsafterthe
recordingsurfaceiserased,therebyproducinganelectricaloutputofareadhead
passingovertheareawiththediscontinuity.Anextrapulseoccurswhentheelectrical
outputislargerthanaspecifiedthreshold.
Anysystemthatprocessesdigitalbinarysignals(havingonlyvaluesofa1or0;usually
inbitsandbytes)ratherthananalogsignals(signalsthatcanhavemanyvalues)
DIGITALMAGNETICRECORDING
Seemagneticrecording.
F
DIRECTACCESS
Accessdirectlytomemorylocation.(Seerandomaccess).
FEEDBACK
Inaclosed-loopsystem,theoutputsignal(fromtheservohead)isusedtomodifythe
inputsignal(tothepositioner).
DIRECTMEMORYACCESS
Ameanofdatatransferbetweenthedeviceandhostmemorywithoutprocessor
intervention.
FETCH
Areadoperationanditsrelateddatatransferoperations.
DIRECTORY
Alistingoffilesmaintainedbythediskoperationsystem(DOS)oradatabase
managementsystemtoenableausertoquicklyaccessdatafiles.
GL – 2
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GLOSSARY
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)
INSIDEDIAMETER
Allocatesspaceonthediskforfiles,oneclusteratatime;locksoutunusableclusters;
identifiesunused(free)area;andlistsafile’slocation.WithtwoFAT’spresent,the
secondcopyensuresconsistencyandprotectsagainstlossofdataifoneofthesectorson
thefirstFATisdamaged.
Thesmallestradialpositionusedfortherecordingandplaybackoffluxreversalsona
magneticdisksurface.
INITIALIZATION
Applyinginputpatternsorinstructionstoadevicesothatalloperationalparametersare
ataknownvalue.
FLUX CHANGES PER INCH
Synonymouswithfrpi(fluxreversalsperinch).OnlyinMFMrecordingdoes1fci
equal1bpi(bitperinch).Inrun-length-limitedencodingschemes,generally1fci
equals1.5bpi.
INPUT
Dataenteringthecomputertobeprocessed;alsousercommands.
FORMAT
INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O)
Inadiskdrive,thearrangementofdataonastoragemedia.Astandard5.25-inchdisk
formatconsistsof17,26,or36sectorspertrack,and512bytesofdatapersector,plus
identification,errorcorrection,andotherbytesnecessaryforaccessingand
synchronizingdata.
Theprocessofenteringdataintoorremovingdatafromacomputersystemora
peripheraldevice.
INTELLIGENTPERIPHERAL
Aperipheraldevicethatcontainsaprocessorormicroprocessortoenableittointerpret
andexecutecommands.
FORMATTEDCAPACITY
Theactualcapacityavailabletostoredatainamassstoragedevice.Theformatted
capacityisthegrosscapacity,lessthecapacitytakenupbytheoverheaddatausedin
formattingthesectors.
INTERFACE
Thedatatransmitters,datareceivers,logic,andwiringthatlinkonepieceofcomputer
equipmenttoanother,suchasadiskdrivetoacontrolleroracontrollertoasystem
bus.
FREQUENCYMODULATION
Arecordingcode.Afluxreversalatthebeginningofacelltimerepresentsclockbit;a
“1”bitisafluxreversalatthecenterofthecelltime,anda“0”bitisanabsenceofa
fluxreversal.
INTERFACESTANDARD
Theinterfacespecificationsagreedtobyvariousmanufacturerstopromoteindustry-
wideinterchangeabilityofproductssuchasadiskdrive.Interfacestandardsgenerally
reduceproductcosts,allowsbuyerstopurchasefrommorethanonesource,andallow
fastermarketacceptanceofnewproducts.
FREQUENCYRESPONSE
Ameasureofhoweffectivelyacircuitordevicetransmitsthedifferentfrequencies
appliedtoit.Indiskandtapedrivesthisreferstotheread/writechannel.Indisk
drives,itcanalsorefertothedynamicmechanicalcharacteristicsofapositioning
system.
INTERLEAVE
Anorderingofphysicalsectorstobeskippedbetweenlogicalsectorsonyourhard
disk.
G
I/OPROCESSOR
Intelligentprocessororcontrollerthathandlestheinput/outputoperationsofa
computer.
GIGABYTE(GB)
Onebillionbytes(onethousandmegabytes)or109.
INTERRUPT
Asignal,usuallyfromasubsystemtoacentralprocessingunit,tosignifythatan
operationhasbeencompletedorcannotbecompleted.
H
HARDERROR
J
Anerrorthatisnotabletobeovercomebyrepeatedreadingsandrepositioningmeans.
JUMPER
HARDSECTORED
Asmallpieceofplasticthatslidesoverpairsofpinsthatprotrudefromthecircuitboard
ontheharddrivetomakeanelectricalconnectionandactivateaspecificoption.
Atechniquewhereadigitalsignalindicatesthebeginningofasectoronatrack.Thisis
contrastedtosoftsectoring,wherethecontrollerdeterminesthebeginningofasector
bythereadingofformatinformationfromthedisk.
K
HEAD
Theelectromagneticdevicethatwrite(records),reads(playsback),anderasesdataona
magneticmedia.Itcontainsareadcore(s)and/orawritecore(s)and/orerasecore(s)
whichis/areusedtoproduceorreceivemagneticflux.Sometimesthetermisall
inclusivetomeanthecarriageassemblywhichincludesthesliderandflexure.
KILOBYTE (KB)
Aunitofmeasureofapproximately1,000bytes.(However,becausecomputer
memoryispartitionedintosizesthatareapoweroftwo,akilobyteisreally1,024
bytes.)
HEADCRASH
Theinadvertenttouchingofadiskbyaheadflyingoverthedisk(maydestroya
portionofthemediaand/orthehead).
L
HEAD DISK ASSEMBLY (HDA)
Themechanicalportionofarigid,fixeddiskdrive.Itusuallyincludesdisks,heads,
spindlemotor,andactuator.
LANDINGZONEORLZONE
ThecylindernumbertowhereParkHeadsmovetheread/writeheads.
HEADLOADINGZONE
LATE BIT
Thenon-dataareaonthedisksetasideforthecontrolledtakeoffandlandingofthe
Winchesterheadswhenthedriveisturnedonandoff.Dedicatedannulusoneachdisk
surfaceinwhichheadsareloaded,unloaded,orflyingheightisestablished.Head-disk
contactmayoccurinsomeinstances;nodataisrecordedinthisarea.
Abitthatisinthelatehalfofthedatawindow.
LATEWINDOW
Adatawindowthathasbeenshiftedinalatedirectiontofacilitatedatarecovery.
HEADPOSITIONER
LATENCY
Alsoknownasactuator,amechanismthatmovesthearmsthatcarryread/writeheads
tothecylinderbeingaccessed.
Adelayencounteredinacomputerwhenwaitingforaspecificresponse.Inadisk
drivethereisbothseeklatencyandrotationallatency.Thetimerequiredforthe
addressedsectortoarriveundertheheadaftertheheadispositionedoverthecorrect
track.Itisaresultofthedisk’srotationalspeedandmustbeconsideredindetermining
thediskdrive’stotalaccesstime.
I
LOGIC
INDEX
Electroniccircuitrythatswitchesonandoff(“1”and“0”)toperformfunctions.
Similartoadirectory,butusedtoestablishaphysicaltologicalcrossreference.Usedto
updatethephysicaldiskaddress(tracksandsectors)offilesandtoexpediteaccesses.
GL – 3
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GLOSSARY
LOGICALADDRESS
OPENLOOPSERVO
Astoragelocationaddressthatmaynotrelatedirectlytoaphysicallocation.Usually
usedtorequestinformationfromacontroller,whichperformsalogicaltophysical
addressconversion,andinturn,retrievesthedatafromaphysicallocationinthemass
storageperipheral.
Aheadpositioningsystemthatdoesnotusepositionalinformationtoverifyandcorrect
theradiallocationoftheheadrelativetothetrack.Thisisusuallyachievedbyuseofa
steppermotorwhichhaspredeterminedstoppingpointthatcorrespondstotrack
locations.
LOGICALBLOCKADDRESSING
Definestheaddressingofthedevicebythelinearmappingofsectors.
OPERATINGSYSTEM
Asoftwareprogramthatorganizestheactionsofthepartsofthecomputerandits
peripheraldevices.(Seediskoperatingsystem.)
LOGICALSECTOR
ThelowestunitofspacethatDOScanaccessthroughadevicedriver;oneormore
physicalsectors.
OUTSIDEDIAMETER
Thelargestradiusrecordingtrackonadisk.
LOWFREQUENCY
Thelowestrecordingfrequencyusedinaparticularmagneticrecordingdevice.With
FMorMFMchannelcodes,thisfrequencyisalsocalled“IF.”
OVERWRITE
Atestthatmeasurestheresidual1Frecordedfrequencyonatrackafterbeing
overwrittenbya2Fsignal.Variationsofthetestexist.
M
P
MAINMEMORY
PARALLELISM
Random-accessmemory(RAM)usedbythecentralprocessingunit(CPU)forstoring
programinstructionsanddatacurrentlybeingprocessedbythoseinstructions.(Seealso
randomaccessmemory.)
1.Theconditionoftwoplanesorlinesbeingparallel.Importantindiskdrivesbecause
alackofitinmechanicalassembliescanresultinpositioninginaccuracy.More
precisely:planes-coplanar;lines-colinear.2.Isthelocalvariationindiskthickness
measuredindependentlyofthicknessitself.3.Theabilityofamultiprocessorcomputer
toallocatemorethanoneprocessor(CPU)toacomputingproblem,whereeachCPU
worksonaseparateproblemorseparatesegmentofthatproblem.Alsoreferredtoas
parallelprocessing.
MASSSTORAGE
Auxiliarymemoryusedinconjunctionswithmainmemory;generallyhavingalarge,
on-linestoragecapacity.
PARITY
MEGABYTE(MB)
Aunitofmeasureapproximatelyonemillionbytes(actually1,048,576bytes)or106.
Asimplemethodofdataerrordetectionsthatalwaysmakesnumberseitheroddor
even,usinganextrabitinwhichthetotalnumberofbinary1s(or0s)inabyteis
alwaysoddoralwayseven;thus,inanoddparityscheme,everybytehaseightbitsof
dataandoneparitybit.Ifusingoddparityandthenumberof1bitscomprisingthe
byteofdataisnotodd,theninthorparitybitissetto1tocreatetheoddparity.Inthis
way,abyteofdatacanbecheckedforaccuratetransmissionbysimplycountingthe
bitsforanoddparityindication.Ifthecountisevereven,anerrorisindicated.
MEMORY
Anydeviceorstoragesystemcapableofstoringandretrievinginformation.(Seealso
storagedefinitions.)
MICROCOMPUTER
Acomputerwhosecentralprocessingunitisamicroprocessor.Itisusually,butnot
necessarily,desktopsize.
PARTITION
Alogicalsectionofadiskdrive,eachofwhichbecomesalogicaldevicewithadrive
letter.
MICROPROCESSOR
Acentralprocessingunit(CPU)manufacturedasachiporasmallnumberofchips.
PEAK SHIFT
Theshiftingintimeofthezero-slopeportionofareadbackvoltagefromthevalues
containedinthewritecurrentwaveform.Sometimesincorrectlyusedtodescribebit
jitter.
MISSINGPULSE
Atermusedinsurfacecertification.Itiswhenaprerecordedsignalisreducedin
amplitudebyacertainspecifiedpercentage.
PERIPHERALEQUIPMENT
Auxiliarymemory,displays,printers,andotherequipmentusuallyattachedtoa
computersystem’sCPUbycontrollersandcables.(Theyareoftenpackagedtogetherin
adesktopcomputer.)
MODIFIEDFREQUENCYMODULATION(MFM)
Amethodofencodingdigitaldatasignalsforrecordingonmagneticmedia.Alsocalled
“threefrequencyrecording.”Recordingcodethatonlyusessynchronizingclockpulse
ifdatabitsarenotpresent.Doublesthelinealbitdensitywithoutincreasingthelineal
fluxreversaldensity,comparedtoFrequencyModulation.
PHASELOCKEDLOOP(PLL)
Acircuitwhoseoutputlocksontoandtracksthefrequencyofaninputsignal.
Sometimesincorrectlycalledadataseparator.
MODIFIEDMODIFIEDFREQUENCYMODULATION
(MMFM)
ArecordingcodesimilartoMFMthathasalongerrunlengthlimiteddistance.
PHASEMARGIN
Measureindegreesoftheamountofdifferencebetweenexcursionsfromthewindow
centerwherefluxreversalscanoccurandtheedgeofthedatawindow.Similarto
windowmargin.
MODULATION
1.Readbackvoltagefluctuationusuallyrelatedtotherotationalperiodofadisk.2.A
recordingcode,suchasFM,MFM,orRLL,totranslatebetweenfluxreversalsandbits
orbytes.
PHYSICALSECTOR
Thesmallestgroupingofdataontheharddisk;always512bytes.
N
PIO
ProgrammableInputOutput.Ameansofaccessingdeviceregisters.Alsodescribesone
formofdatatransfers.PIOdatatransfersareperformedbythehostprocessorusing
PIOregisteraccessestothedataregister.
NON-RETURNTOZERO
Aformofdataencodingthatisnotself-clocking,inotherwords,itneedstobe
providedwithanexternalbitcellclocksignal.Generallyusedinhigher-performance
diskdrives.
PLATED THIN FILM MEDIA
Magneticdiskmemorymediahavingitssurfaceplatedwithathincoatingofametallic
alloyinsteadofbeingcoatedwithoxide.
O
PROCESSING
Theprocessofthecomputerhandling,manipulatingandmodifyingdatasuchas
arithmeticcalculation,filelookupandupdating,andwordpressing.
OFF-LINE
processingorperipheraloperationsperformedwhiledisconnectedfromthesystem
CPUviathesystembus.
PULSECROWDING
Modificationofplaybackamplitudeduetosuper-positioningofadjacentfluxreversal
fieldsbeingsensedbytheread/writegap.
ON-LINE
processingorperipheraloperationsperformedwhiledisconnectedfromthesystem
CPUviathesystembus.
PULSEDETECT
Adigitalpulsetraininwhicheachleadingedgeoreachedgecorrespondstoa
magnetictransitionreadfromthedisk.Iftransitionqualificationcircuitryexistsinthe
drive,thissignalistheoutputofsame.Alsoknownastransitiondetect.
GL – 4
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GLOSSARY
SERVOHEAD
Amagneticheaddesignedspecificallyforaccuratelyreadingservodata.
R
SERVOPATTERN
RANDOMACCESSMEMORY(RAM)
Areadbacksignalthatindicatesthepositionofaheadrelativetoatrack.
Memorydesignedsothatanystoragelocationcanbeaccessedrandomly,directlyand
individually.Thisiscontrastedtosequentialaccessdevicessuchastapedrives.
SERVOSURFACE
Arecordingsurfaceinamulti-surfacediskdrivethatonlycontainscontrolinformation
whichprovidestiming,headposition,andtrack-followinginformationforthedata
surfaces.
READ
Toaccessastoragelocationandobtainpreviouslyrecordeddata.Tosensethepresence
offluxreversalsonmagneticmedia.Usuallyimplementedsuchthatadynamicflux
amplitudewillcauseaproportionalelectricaloutputfromthetransducer.
SERVOSYSTEM
Anautomaticsystemformaintainingtheread/writeheadontrack;canbeeither“open
loop,”“quasi-closedloop,”or“closedloop.”
READGATESIGNAL
Adigitalinputsignalwhichcausesthedrivecircuitrytorecoverdata.
SERVOTRACK
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
Atrackonaservosurface.Theprerecordedreferencetrackonthededicatedservo
surfaceofadiskdrive.Alldatatrackpositionsarecomparedtotheircorresponding
servotrack todetermine“offtrack”/”ontrack”position.
Aformofmemorywhichcannotbechangedinformaloperationalmodes.Many
differenttypesareavailable.RAMisusedforpermanentinformationstorage.
ComputercontrolprogramsareoftenstoredinROMapplications.
SETTLINGTIME
Thetimeittakesaheadtostopvibrating,withinspecifiedlimits,afteritreachesthe
desiredcylinder.
READ/WRITEHEAD
Therecordingelementwhichwritesdatatothemagneticmediaandreadsrecorded
datafromthemedia.
SILICON
RE-CALIBRATE
Theactionofmovingtheheadofadiskdrivetocylinderzero.
Semiconductormaterialgenerallyusedtomanufacturemicroprocessorsandother
integratedcircuitchips.
RECOVERABLEERROR
Areaderror,transientorotherwise,fallingwithinthecapabilityofanECC
mechanismtocorrect,orabletoovercomebyrereadingthedatainquestion.
SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE (SCSI)
Anintelligentinterfacethatincorporatescontrollerfunctionsdirectlyintothedrive.
S.M.A.R.T. CAPABILITY
Self-MonitoringAnalysisandReportingTechnology.Predictionofdevice
degradationand/orfaults.
ROTATIONALLATENCY
Theamountofdelayinobtaininginformationfromadiskdriveattributabletothe
rotationofthedisk.
SOFTERROR
RUN-LENGTHLIMITED
Adataerrorwhichcanbeovercomebyrereadingthedataorrepositioningthehead.
Anencodingprocessthatrepositionsdatabitsandlimitsthelengthofzerobitsinorder
tocompressinformationbeingstoredondisks.
SOFTSECTORED
Atechniquewherethecontrollerdeterminesthebeginningofasectorbythereading
offormatinformationfromthedisk.Thisiscontrastedtohardsectoringwherea
digitalsignalindicatesthebeginningofasectoronatrack.
RUN-LENGTHLIMITEDENCODING
Arecordingcode.Sometimesmeanttodenote“2.7RLL”whichcansignify1.5times
thebitsasMFM,giventhesamenumberoffluxreversalsinagivenlinealdistance.
SOFTWARE
Applicationsprograms,operatingsystems,andotherprograms(asopposedto
hardware).
S
SECTOR
SPINDLE
Alogicalsegmentofinformationonaparticulartrack.Thesmallestaddressableunitof
storageonadisk.Tracksaremadeofsectors.
Therotatinghubstructuretowhichthedisksareattached.
SPINDLEMOTOR
SECTORPULSESIGNAL
Themotorthatrotatesthespindleandthereforethedisks.
Adigitalsignalpulsepresentinhardsectoreddriveswhichindicatesthebeginningofa
sector.Embeddedservopatternorotherprerecordedinformationmaybepresenton
thediskwhensectorisactive.
SPUTTEREDMEDIA
Magneticdiskortapethathasthemagneticlayerdepositedbysputteringmeans.
SEEK
STEPPERMOTOR
Arandomaccessoperationbythediskdrive.Theactofmovingasetofread/write
headssothatoneofthemisoverthedesiredcylinder.Theactuatororpositionermoves
theheadstothecylindercontainingthedesiredtrackandsector.
Amotorthathasknowndetentpositionswheretherotorwillstopwiththeproper
controlinsomecases.Thedigitallycontrolledmotormovestheheadpositionerfrom
tracktotrackinsmall,step-likemotions.
SEEKCOMPLETESIGNAL
Adigitalsignallevelwhichindicatesthatthepositionerisnotmovingandislocated
overacylinderoroffsetposition.
STORAGECAPACITY
Theamountofdatathatcanbestoredinamemorylocation,usuallyspecifiedin
kilobytesformainmemoryandfloppydrivesandmegabytesformassstoragedevices.
SEEK TIME
STORAGEDENSITY
Usuallyreferstorecordingdensity(BPI,TPI,oracombinationofthetwo.)
Theamountoftimebetweenwhenasteppulseorseekcommandisissueduntilthe
headsettlesontothedesiredcylinder.Sometimesismeasuredwithoutsettlingtimes.
STORAGELOCATION
SEQUENTIALACCESS
Amemorylocation,identifiedbyanaddresswhereinformationmaybereador
written.
Thewritingorreadingofdatainasequentialordersuchasreadingdatablocksstored
oneaftertheotheronmagnetictape.Thisiscontrastedtorandomaccessof
information.
STROBEOFFSETSIGNAL
AgroupofdigitalinputsignallevelswhichcausethereadPLLand/ordatadecoderto
shiftthedecodingwindowsbyfractionalamounts.Oftenearly/latearemodifiedwhen
twosignalsareused.
SERVOBURST
Amomentaryservopatternusedinembeddedservocontrolsystemsusuallypositioned
betweensectorsorattheendofatrack.
SERVOCONTROL
Atechniquebywhichthespeedorpositionofamovingdeviceisforcedinto
conformitywithadesiredorstandardspeedorposition.
GL – 5
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GLOSSARY
WORD
T
Anumberofbits,typicallyamultipleofeight,processedinparallel(inasingle
operation).Standardwordlengthsare8,16,32and64bits(1,2,4,or8bytes).
THIN-FILM HEAD
WRITE
Amagnetictransducermanufacturedbydepositionofmagneticandelectricalmaterials
onabasematerialcontrastedwithpriorartmechanicalmethods.Read/writeheads
whoseread/writeelementisdepositedusingintegratedcircuittechniquesratherthan
beingmanuallywound.
Therecordingoffluxreversalsonamagneticmedia.
WRITEPRE-COMPENSATION
Theintentionaltimeshiftingofwritedatatooffsettheeffectsofbitshiftinmagnetic
recording.
THIN-FILMMEDIA
Seeplatedthinfilmmedia.
WRITEGATESIGNAL
Adigitalinputsignallevelwhichcausesthedrivecircuitrytorecord(write)data.
TRACK
Onesurfaceofacylinder.Apathwhichcontainsreproducibleinformationleftona
magneticmediumbyrecordingmeansenergizedfromasinglechannel.
TRACK-FOLLOWINGSERVO
Aclosed-looppositionercontrolsystemthatcontinuouslycorrectsthepositionofthe
diskdrive’sheadsbyutilizingareferencetrackandafeedbackloopinthehead
positioningsystem.(Seealsoclosedloop.)
TRACKS PER INCH (TPI)
Ameasurementofradialdensity.Tracksperinchofdiskradius.
TRACKPOSITIONING
Themethod,bothmechanicalandelectrical,usedtopositiontheheadsoverthecorrect
cylinderinadiskdrivesystem.
U
UN-CORRECTABLEERROR
AnerrorthatisnotabletobeovercomewithErrorDetectionandCorrection.
UNFORMATTEDCAPACITY
Storagecapacityofdiskdrivepriortoformatting;alsocalledthegrosscapacity.(See
format.)Therawcapacityofadrivenottakingintoaccountthecapacitylossdueto
storageoftheformatcontrolinformationonthedisksurfaces.
UNRECOVERABLEERROR
AreaderrorfallingoutsidethecapabilityofanECCmechanismtocorrect,ornot
abletobeovercomebyrereadingthedatainquestion,withorwithoutrepositioning
thehead.
V
VOICE COIL MOTOR
Apositioningmotorthatusesthesameprincipleasavoicecoilinaloudspeaker.The
motorhasnodetentpositions.Themechanicalmotionoutputofitcanbeeitherrotary
orlinear.
W
WHITNEY HEAD
AsuccessortotheoriginalWinchesterread/writeheaddesign.Theprimarychange
wastomaketheflexuresmallerandmorerigid.FirstusedinIBM3370/3380.
WHITNEYTECHNOLOGY
Amethodofconstructingaread/writeheadinarigiddiskdriveusingaWhitney
head.InallotherdetailsitisthesameasWinchestertechnology.
WINCHESTERHEAD
Theread/writeheadusedinWinchestertechnology,non-removablemediadisk
drives.Maybeeitheramonolithicorcompositetype.Itisaerodynamicallydesigned
toflywithinmicroinchesofthedisksurface.
WINCHESTERTECHNOLOGY
AmethodofconstructingarigiddiskdriveusingconceptsintroducedintheIBM
model3340diskdrive.Theprimarychangesfrompriortechnologywastolowerthe
massoftheslider,useofamonolithicslider,radicallychangingthedesignofthe
flexureandhavingtheslidercometorestonalubricateddisksurfacewhendisk
rotationceases.Inadditiontotheabove,atotallysealedchambercontainingtheread/
writeheadsanddiskswasusedtoprotectagainstcontamination.
WINDOWMARGIN
Theamountoftolerancearead/writesystemhasfortransitionjitterataspecifiederror
ratelevel.
GL – 6
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510 COTTONWOOD DRIVE
MILPITAS, CALIFORNIA 95035
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