Kowa Inflatable Bouncy Toy fm600 User Manual

Quantitative measurement equipment  
for flare in the anterior chamber  
Laser Flare Meter  
KOWA  
KOWA FM-600  
EU  
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Warning  
If any abnormal smell or sound, or overheating or smoke should be detected, be sure to turn OFF the  
main power immediately and then unplug the instrument from the power outlet. Continued use of the  
instrument may cause the instrument to malfunction or cause a fire.  
Unplug  
Contact your Kowa dealer where you have purchased the instrument or your nearest repair shop for inspection.  
When replacing the fuse, be sure to turn OFF the main power and unplug the instrument from the  
power outlet.  
Removing the fuse holder cover without unplugging the instrument may cause electrical shock.  
Warning  
Unplug  
/ High-Voltage  
Be sure to plug into the power outlet completely and securely.  
Doing otherwise may cause a fire or electrical shock.  
Obligatory  
Obligatory  
Use only a specified fuse.  
Doing otherwise may cause a device failure or fire.  
Be sure to ground the instrument properly and securely in order to avoid bodily injury. Be sure to  
connect the plug in the three-wire grounding type socket. Doing otherwise may cause electrical shock.  
Obligatory  
Warning  
Be sure that the tips of instrument are not in contact with the eye and the nose of the patient when in  
operation.  
(The patient may be injured.)  
Do not place a cup or a glass containing liquid or the like on or near the instrument.  
Spilling liquid into the instrument may cause electrical shock. If liquid should be spilled into the instru-  
ment, turn OFF the main power, and unplug the instrument from the power outlet. Contact your Kowa  
dealer where you have purchased the instrument or your nearest repair shop for inspection.  
Prohibitory  
Do not disassemble, modify or repair the instrument yourself. Doing so may cause a fire, electrical  
shock, instrument malfunctioning or bodily injury.  
Contact your Kowa dealer where you purchased the instrument for repair. The product assembled by  
yourself will not be covered under warranty nor any other service.  
Disassembly  
prohibited  
Do not load the socket or plug board with excess of its rated capacity.  
If the main power cord should share a power outlet with other devices and the rated capacity is ex-  
ceeded, there may cause a fire or electrical shock.  
Prohibitory  
Caution  
The power supply must be provided for the sole use of this instrument.  
Sharing one and the same power supply with other devices may cause FM-600 to malfunction.  
Obligatory  
Prohibitory  
Prohibitory  
Prohibitory  
Prohibitory  
Do not pull the electrical cord when unplugging.  
Doing so may damage the cord and cause a fire or electrical shock. Be sure to hold the plug when  
unplugging the instrument.  
Do not plug or unplug the power cord with wet hand.  
Doing so may cause electrical shock.  
Do not install the power unit at unstable location such as on a shaky base or a tilting surface.  
Doing so may cause the instrument to drop or fall over and result in a bodily injury.  
Do not wipe the exterior of the instrument with solvent such as benzene, alcohol, thinner and ether.  
Doing so may cause discoloration or degradation.  
If the instrument is not to be in use for a long period of time, unplug the power cable.  
Leaving the power cable plugged may cause a fire.  
Unplug  
2
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Location of Cautionary Marking  
Description of Labels and Symbols  
Before replacing fuse, be sure to turn OFF the main power and unplug the instrument.  
Removing the fuse holder cover without unplugging the instrument may cause electrical  
shock.  
Do not touch directly the connector pins that are labeled with the symbols shown in the left.  
For details, please refer to p.36 [About electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)].  
Type B applied parts (degree of protection of applied part against electric shock).  
Alternative Current  
ON  
OFF  
CLASS 1  
LASER PRODUCT  
Laser Class based on IEC60825-1:2001  
3
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Precautions Concerning Use  
• Handle the instrument with care, and do not ap-  
• The manufacturer is not liable for malfunctions  
and/or damages resulting from maintenance  
and/or repairs using parts other than specified  
repair parts.  
• The input voltage should always be maintained  
within 10% of the rated voltage.  
ply strong shock to it.  
Also, do not leave any objects on the instru-  
ment.  
• Always cover the system when not in use in or-  
der to protect its components.  
• Avoid high temperature and humidity, direct  
sunlight, and dust when shipping, installing, and  
storing the instrument. Strictly observe the fol-  
lowing environmental conditions. When in use,  
in storage or in transit, environmental conditions  
described below must be observed strictly in or-  
der to protect the instrument from condensation.  
• Do not turn the main power on and off in succes-  
sion. Allow an interval of at least 5 seconds be-  
fore turning the main power on and off.  
• Be sure to turn OFF the main power before plug-  
ging or unplugging the system.  
Precautions Concerning Disposal of the  
Instrument  
• The liquid crystal display of this instrument con-  
tains mercury.  
When disposing of this instrument, comply with  
the regulations of countries or areas in which  
the instrument is used.  
In operation Transportation, storage  
Ambient Temperature  
10 - 40 °C  
-15 - +50 °C  
Relative Humidity 30 - 60 %  
10 - 95 %  
Precautions Concerning Use of Electrical System  
Other Precautions  
• If the instrument is not to be in use for a long  
period of time, turn OFF the main power and  
unplug the instrument.  
• Install the system in a location where there is  
little risk of the plug being pulled out. If the plug  
should be pulled out accidentally, be sure to turn  
OFF the main power before plugging the system  
back in.  
• The manufacturer is not liable for malfunctions  
and/or damages resulting from maintenance  
and/or repairs performed by persons other than  
the specified repair service.  
• Never disassemble or adjust this instrument by  
yourself since it uses precision parts which re-  
quires special tool for doing so.  
• It is recommended that this instrument be used  
where ambient illumination is evenly distributed  
at 100 lx or less (400 lx or less when using an  
optional light shielding cover).  
• Take the history of the patient’s medical history;  
once it is confirmed that there will not be a prob-  
lem with using mydriatic agent, administer my-  
driatic drops to him/her regardless of the  
level of ambient illumination.  
Precautions during Operation  
• Use special caution when operating the instrument to avoid hands being caught in the areas indicated with  
arrows in the illustration below.  
• There is an air vent on the bottom surface of the instrument. When installing the instrument, do not obstruct the vent.  
Air vent  
4
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Precautions (Safety Precautions and Hazard prevention) Concerning Use of Medical Electrical Instrument  
1. Instrument should be operated only by qualified personnel.  
2. The following precautions must be observed when installing the instrument:  
(1) Install at a location free of moisture.  
(2) Install at a location where there is no risk of detrimental effects caused by atmospheric pressure, temperature,  
humidity, ventilation, sunlight, dust, salt, or air containing sulfur and so forth.  
(3) Install the instrument in a stable manner, avoiding inclines, vibrations and shock (including those during transport).  
(4) Do not install in locations where chemicals or pharmaceuticals are stored or where there is generation of gas.  
(5) Use the proper power supply, frequency, voltage and allowable current values (or power).  
(6) Check the status of battery-operated power supplies (degree of discharge, polarity, etc.).  
(7) Be sure that the instrument is properly grounded.  
3. The following precautions must be observed before using the instrument:  
(1) The instrument must be inspected for switch contact, polarity, dial settings and meter readings to confirm its proper  
operation.  
(2) Be sure that the instrument is properly grounded.  
(3) Be sure that all cords are connected properly and securely.  
(4) Avoid combined use of instruments since this can lead to inaccurate diagnosis and hazards.  
(5) Re-inspect any external circuits that come in direct contact with patients.  
(6) Check all battery-operated power supplies if applicable.  
4. The following precautions must be observed while using the instrument:  
(1) Do not exceed the time and quantity required for diagnosis and treatment.  
(2) Continuously monitor the instrument for any abnormalities as well as the condition of the patient.  
(3) When an abnormality is noticed in the instrument or the patient, take appropriate measures, such as to terminating  
operation of the instrument while ensuring the safety of the patient.  
(4) Do not allow the patient to touch the instrument.  
5. The following precautions must be observed following use of the instrument:  
(1) Follow the specified procedures to return all operating switches, dials and other components to their positions prior  
to use; then turn OFF the main power.  
(2) When disconnecting cords, hold the plug body firmly so as not to apply excessive force to the cord itself.  
(3) The following items must be observed with respect to the location where the instrument is stored.  
(a) Store in a location free from moisture.  
(b) Store in a location where there is no risk of detrimental effects caused by atmospheric pressure, temperature,  
humidity, ventilation, sunlight, dust, salt, or air containing sulfur and so forth.  
(c) Store in a stable manner while paying attention to inclines, vibrations and shock (including those during trans-  
port).  
(d) Do not store in locations where chemicals or pharmaceuticals are stored or where there is generation of gas.  
(4) Store all accessories, cords, leads and other components in an organized manner after cleaning.  
(5) Be sure to clean the instrument so that it functions properly the next time it is used.  
6. If the instrument should malfunction, the operator should not attempt to correct the problem. Appropriately indi-  
cate that the instrument is not operating properly and await repairs by qualified personnel.  
7. Never attempt to disassemble or modify the instrument.  
8. Maintenance and inspection  
(1) All instrument and components should be inspected regularly.  
(2) When resuming use of instrument that has not been used for a long period of time, always confirm that the instru-  
ment operates properly and safely before use.  
9. Beware that strong electromagnetic waves may cause the instrument to operate incorrectly.  
This instrument has been tested based on JIS T0601-1-2:2002 and IEC60601-1-2:2001. The purpose of these  
standards is to maintain safety against the dangerous obstacle in typical medical facilities.  
However, the instrument may affect or be affected by certain equipment such as cellular phones and pace  
makers.  
In case this instrument is influenced by other equipment, or it affects other equipment, or there is such fear,  
relocate and/or increase the distance between FM-600 and affecting equipment.  
Should there be any further questions and/or unknown points, please consult your Kowa sales representative  
or dealership beforehand.  
5
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Accessories  
Power cable (1)  
Fuse (2)  
Dust cover (1)  
Chin-rest paper (1)  
Chin-rest’s pin (2)  
Printer paper (2)  
Instruction Manual (1)  
6
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Table of Contents  
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1  
Precautions Concerning Use .................................................................................................... 4  
Precautions (Safety Precautions and Hazard Prevention)  
Concerning Use of Medical Electrical Instrument .................................................................. 5  
Accessories ................................................................................................................................ 6  
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 7  
1. Principle of operation ......................................................................................................... 9  
2. Names and functions of components............................................................................. 10  
2-1 Names and functions of components......................................................................................................... 10  
2-2 Screen display details ................................................................................................................................ 13  
3. Setting up .......................................................................................................................... 15  
3-1 Installation .................................................................................................................................................. 15  
3-2 Printer paper installation ............................................................................................................................ 15  
4. Basic aligning procedure ................................................................................................. 16  
4-1 Coarse lengthwise / crosswise adjustment ................................................................................................ 16  
4-2 Fine lengthwise / crosswise adjustment..................................................................................................... 16  
4-3 Measurement switch .................................................................................................................................. 16  
4-4 Frontal view switch ..................................................................................................................................... 16  
5. Calibration ......................................................................................................................... 17  
5-1 Calibration .................................................................................................................................................. 17  
5-2 Light shielding cover .................................................................................................................................. 18  
6. Procedure for measurements .......................................................................................... 19  
6-1 Procedure for measurements: Overview.................................................................................................... 19  
6-2 Ocular height adjustment ........................................................................................................................... 19  
6-3 Frontal view alignment ............................................................................................................................... 19  
6-4 Diagonal view alignment ............................................................................................................................ 20  
6-5 BG check ................................................................................................................................................... 21  
6-6 Measurement ............................................................................................................................................. 21  
6-7 Displaying measurement results ................................................................................................................ 22  
6-8 Viewing and editing acquired data ............................................................................................................. 23  
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Table of Contents  
7. Tips for measurements .................................................................................................... 24  
7-1 How to block laser beams .......................................................................................................................... 24  
7-2 Warning beep during BG check ................................................................................................................. 24  
7-3 Recommended procedure when BG check obtains no correct alignment ................................................. 24  
7-4 Recommended procedures when BG check obtains no good result ......................................................... 24  
7-5 Recommended procedures when measured waveforms are offset to left or right ..................................... 25  
8. Configuration and settings .............................................................................................. 26  
9. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................... 28  
9-1 ID input....................................................................................................................................................... 28  
9-2 Connecting external devices ...................................................................................................................... 28  
9-3 Display messages ...................................................................................................................................... 30  
9-4 Function switches ...................................................................................................................................... 31  
9-5 Relocation .................................................................................................................................................. 31  
10. Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................ 32  
10-1 Phenomena and validation ........................................................................................................................ 32  
10-2 Error messages.......................................................................................................................................... 32  
11. Maintenance/Inspection ................................................................................................... 33  
11-1 Daily maintenance ..................................................................................................................................... 33  
11-2 Daily inspection (by the user)..................................................................................................................... 33  
11-3 Fuse replacement ...................................................................................................................................... 34  
11-4 Chin-rest paper installation ........................................................................................................................ 34  
11-5 Sterilization of Forehead stopper and Chin-rest ........................................................................................ 34  
11-6 Refilling and replacing consumables ......................................................................................................... 34  
11-7 Regular inspection (by the device supplier) ............................................................................................... 34  
11-8 Repairing.................................................................................................................................................... 34  
12. Specifications ................................................................................................................... 35  
12-1 Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. 35  
12-2 Applicable safety standards and Classification .......................................................................................... 35  
13. Electromagnetic Compatibility ........................................................................................ 36  
14. Photochemical Hazard (ISO 15004:1997)........................................................................ 39  
8
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1.  
Principle of operation  
Weak scattered light induced by laser beam entered into the anterior chamber is detected and used for measurements.  
It is known that intensity of the scattered light is proportional to the protein level contained in aqueous humor of the anterior  
chamber. However, intensity of the scattered light may vary if there is a difference in the protein composition between aqueous  
humor samples at the same protein concentration.  
We refer to this scattered light intensity as “flare value" and indicates the value using photon count per millisecond in this device.  
Photon count is the number of pulses output from photomultiplier when scattered light is detected. This value may be converted  
into an albumin level. Bovine albumin solution at 100mg/dl equals to 13 Photon counts per millisecond.  
Caution  
Note that some factors including circadian rhythm, age, mydriasis, and drug may affect flare values. Measurement must be taken  
carefully taking any of these factor in account. The accuracy of the reading may be affected by disorders shown below:  
Intensive lens clouding, corneal edema, corneal opacity, the anterior chamber with an artificial lens implanted, shallow anterior  
chamber, and achromatic eye.  
Details ■  
Measurements  
Photoreceiver  
element  
Optical system is composed of a laser beam emitter and a photoreceiver  
positioned at a orthogonal to the axis of the beam. The scanning laser beam  
emitted through a condensing lens is focused at the anterior chamber or  
target point. Scattered light from the anterior chamber goes through a  
photoreceiver lens and comes into a focus at a photoreceiver mask. The  
photoreceiver mask has an important role to create a reading window within  
aqueous humor of the anterior chamber. Scattered light coming through the  
mask reach to a photoreceiver element (or a photomultiplier tube) where it  
undergoes a photo-electro conversion process. Then, the collected data is  
analyzed at the analyzer unit to determine a flare value. Results are shown  
in the display.  
Photoreceiver  
mask  
Photoreceiver lens  
Measurement  
window  
Condensing lens  
Scanning laser  
Anterior  
chamber  
Figure 1-1  
Details of flare reading  
An area including the Measurement window is scanned with laser beam. As  
a result, a waveform shown in Fig. 1-2 is obtained. Background Signal 1  
(BG1) obtained when laser beam is located below the a Measurement win-  
dow and Background Signal 2 (BG2) obtained when laser beam is located  
above the a Measurement window are scattered light noise from intraocular  
tissue, while Flare Signal (SIG) is a sum of scattered light from protein and  
scattered light noise from intraocular tissue.  
BG2  
Measurement  
window  
SIG  
BG1  
Laser scanning light  
Figure 1-2  
Therefore, intensity of the scattered light caused by the protein concentration  
in aqueous humor of the anterior chamber is calculated using the formula:  
SIG - (BG1 + BG2)/2.  
A result obtained using this formula is called “flare value” and represented  
as photon count per millisecond.  
9
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2.  
Names and functions of components  
2-1 Names and functions of components  
7
Measurement unit  
6
Main unit  
Operating  
unit  
Power supply unit  
1 2 34  
5
1Power switch  
: OFF : ON  
2Power supply inlet  
Where a power supply cord is connected.  
A fuse holder is provided.  
3External device I/O terminal (for a communication cable)  
Used for connecting a PC to which measurement data outputs are transmitted.  
4External device I/O terminal (for a ten key pad)  
Used for connecting a ten key pad.  
5Chin-rest illumination  
Used for illuminating indirectly the patient’s eyes from a lower level than the eyes  
(used in dark room).  
6Chin-rest  
Used for holding patient's chin on it. A sheet of chin-rest paper may be attached.  
7Forehead rest  
Used for holding patient's forehead.  
The screw holes on the top are used for installing a light shade (optional  
accessory) .  
10  
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2. Names and functions of components  
8 9 0  
A
F
E
C
B
D
8Photoreceiver lens  
The lens that mainly receives scattered light.  
9Front camera and Eye fixation lamp window  
Used for monitoring a patient’s eye. The patient may see the eye fixation lamp inside.  
0Light emitting lens  
Used for emitting laser beam and alignment light.  
ACalibrator  
Used for calibrating the device.  
This may be used as a laser beam attenuator when located in between a measuring  
position and a calibrating position.  
BPrinter  
Used for printing the results obtained.  
CPrinter lid button  
The printer lid opens when the round dimple is pushed.  
Used for replacing printer paper.  
DJoy stick (rubber ring)  
Hold and move this joy stick to move the Main unit lengthwise or crosswise for a  
longer distance.  
Tilt this joy stick to move the Main unit lengthwise or crosswise for a shorter  
distance.  
Turn the rubber ring to ascend or descend the Measurement unit.  
EDisplay  
Used for displaying Images for monitoring and obtained measurement results.  
Also used for displaying each function.  
FEye level mark  
This mark is a suitable position of the patient’s eye on measurement.  
11  
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2. Names and functions of components  
L
K
J
I
H
G
GSelf-locking screw  
Tightening this screw lock the Main unit.  
HMeasurement switch  
Pushing this switch proceeds with Frontal view alignment screen Diagonal align-  
ment screen ( BG check ) Start measurement.  
IPrint switch  
Pushing this switch allows contents in the display to be printed or output (only when  
light is lit).  
JChin-rest ascending/descending switch  
Used for ascending and descending Chin-rest.  
KFunction switches  
Operates as they are assigned in accordance with each screen.  
LSwitches for frontal view  
Pushing this switch switches the current display screen to Frontal view alignment  
screen (only when the light is ).  
Function switches  
Functions assigned to the [Function Switch Display Area]  
(refer to Page 13) may vary depending on the screen you  
have chosen. Each of functions shown in each screen is  
selected and executed by pushing the corresponding func-  
tion switch. In this manual, “select [xxx]” means pushing  
the corresponding function switch.  
Display  
Function switch display area  
Operating segment  
function swiches  
12  
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2. Names and functions of components  
2-2 Screen display details  
Detail of each screen display  
Frontal view alignment screen ■  
Previous data  
Flare value  
Patient ID  
Additional  
information  
F L A R E : 9 . 5  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0  
W A :  
N :  
C
5
R: Right eye  
L: Left eye  
L
Number of data saved  
Alignment mark  
Corneal reflection  
luminous dot  
(image)  
L i s t  
Function switch display area  
To change the summary data screen  
Diagonal alignment screen ■  
F L A R E : 9 . 5  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0  
W A :  
N :  
C
5
Pupil guide  
(indicates the minimum  
pupil diameter)  
L
Alignment mark  
(for Spot light)  
Alignment mark  
(for laser beam)  
Measurement window  
BG level  
Stop  
List  
To stop laser scanning  
To change the summary data screen  
13  
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2. Names and functions of components  
Measurements graph screen ■  
BG1  
SIG  
BG2  
Obtained waveform  
I BG1 - BG2 I  
BG1 + BG2  
X 100  
BG deviation =  
Background Signal 1  
BG1:12  
BG2:10  
SIG:20  
Background Signal 2  
Flare Signal  
(9%)  
Number of data saved  
N:3  
BG S/N CELL  
FLARE : 9  
Del  
Flare Value  
= SIG - ( BG1 + BG2 ) /2  
Scale  
List  
To save no data  
To change vertical scale for waveform  
Warning  
Reliability may be poor when any of the following warning  
codes appears.  
Warning code :Description  
BG or B  
S / N or S  
CELL or C  
F
:Deviation between BG1 and BG2 > 15%  
:BG > Flare  
:Cell contamination  
:False data  
:Outlier candidate data  
T
Summary data screen ■  
Measurement No. BG average  
BG deviation  
Flare value  
N
BG  
(%)  
FLARE  
W/A  
B
1
1.3  
1.0  
1.2  
0.7  
0.7  
7
1
0
2
2
5.3  
6.1  
5.7  
4.7  
4.3  
2
3
4
5
S
Flare value average  
AV.  
SD.  
:5.2  
:0.8  
Flare value standard deviation  
Cont.  
Edit  
Stat  
End  
To continue the ongoing To edit  
measurements using  
the same eye  
Statistic evaluation  
for summary data  
(throw out) is done  
Measurements using  
the same eye is completed  
summary data  
14  
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3.  
Setting up  
3-1 Installation  
Place the device on a motorized table (optional accessory).  
Make sure that POWER Switch shown in Fig. 1 is at OFF position (O).  
Connect the power cable to the power supply inlet and connect the other end of the  
cable to a nearby wall outlet.  
Fig. 1  
Warning  
Make sure that  
POWER Switch is off.  
Connect a ground cable securely to avoid injury. Connect the power supply cable to a  
grounding receptacle for a triplex cable.  
3-2 Printer paper installation  
The printer lid opens when the round dimple “Printer lid button” is pushed.  
Install a printer paper as shown in Fig. 2 and close the lid.  
Fig. 2  
Printer lid button  
When no printer paper is installed or Printer switch is pressed while the lid is kept open,  
“Please check printer paper. If paper is remaining. Call a service Person.” (see Fig. 3)  
Fig. 3  
is displayed.  
Error 5  
Make sure there is a printer paper and the lid is closed and push “Set”.  
If the same message appears continuously, call a service person.  
(Printer)  
Please check printer paper. If pa-  
per is remaining.  
Call a service Person.  
This message does not appear when output mode is set to EXT. See “8.Con-  
figuration and settings” for details.  
Set  
15  
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4.  
Basic aligning procedure  
Explanation how to operete.  
4-1 Coarse lengthwise / crosswise adjustment  
Fig. 1  
To move the Main unit lengthwise or crosswise for a longer distance, hold and move  
the joy stick steadily (Fig. 1).  
4-2 Fine lengthwise / crosswise adjustment  
To move the Main unit lengthwise or crosswise for a shorter distance, lightly hold the  
Fig. 2  
joy stick end with your finger tips and tilt the joy stick (Fig. 1).  
Turn the rubber ring to ascend or descend the Measurement unit (Fig. 2).  
4-3 Measurement switch  
Use this switch to change from coarse adjustment (Frontal view alignment screen) to fine ad-  
justment (Diagonal alignment screen) or start a Measurement (Fig. 3).  
Fig. 3  
4-4 Frontal view switch  
Use this switch to change from fine adjustment (Diagonal alignment screen) to coarse  
adjustment (Frontal view alignment screen) or return to fine adjustment (Diagonal  
alignment screen) from post-measurement (Measurements graph screen) (Fig. 4).  
Fig. 4  
Caution  
Assure that the patient’s eye or nose does not contact with the device during this proce-  
dure.  
Caution  
When handling the Main unit, try not to place your hand between the Main unit and the Power Supply unit or the chin-rest post and  
the Forehead Rest, or into the space underneath the chin-rest.  
16  
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5.  
Calibration  
Caution  
Stained lens may affect measurements.  
It is recommended to calibrate regularly in order to obtain accurate measurements.  
A message will appear during device start-up if the device had no calibration done for more than a month. Calibrate the device as  
soon as possible when the message appears.  
Follow the calibration procedure described below.  
It is recommended to calibrate the device in a dark room.Use a light shade (optional) when calibrating in a well-lighted room.  
5-1 Calibration  
1While Frontal view alignment screen is displayed, turn Calibrator to  
Fig. 1  
CALIBRATION position.  
If the display shows “LD Temp check Please wait”, wait until the message disap-  
pears.  
If the display shows “Laser Attenuating …”, turn Calibrator until the message shown  
in Fig. 3 appears in the display.  
If the display shows “The acquired data is deleted. Is a calibration carried out ?”  
indicating there is acquired data, select “Yes” to proceed to the calibration.  
Fig. 2  
2Slide the protective cap aside to expose the window (Fig. 2).  
Caution: Do not stain the glass surface located deep inside the calibrator.  
3When “OK” is selected in the screen shown Fig. 3, “Calibration Tool's  
Fig. 3  
Value” input screen appears.  
Calibration  
Step 1  
Open the Cali. Tool the Cover  
Calibration START ?  
Yes  
No  
4Input the number shown in the label attached to the calibrator with  
Fig. 4  
using “ ” “ ” “  
.  
Calibration  
Step 2  
After this input, select “Set” to start calibration.  
Calibration is automatically executed in accordance with pre-programmed steps.  
Input Calibration Value  
Please Press "Set" After Input  
2 4 0 . 0  
Although the number has been already input into the device at the factory, please verify if  
the number was input correctly.  
Set  
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5. Calibration  
Fig.5  
5Fig. 5 is displayed when calibration is completed.  
Calibration  
Result  
Calibration Cmplete  
PMT Sens: 97.1 (%)  
Corr.Value: 1.030  
Set the Position Calibration tool  
to the Measurement.  
6Slide the protective cap back into the original position, and turn Calibrator  
counterclockwise to MEASUREMENT position (Fig. 6).  
Fig. 6  
5-2 Light shade  
Remove the white cap using a paper crip or other pointed object and  
install a light shade (optional) using the screw holes on the top of the  
device (Fig. 7).  
Fig. 7  
When you need to directly check the level of a patient’s eye, lift the light  
shade as shown in Fig. 8.  
Fig. 8  
Close the light shade as shown in Fig. 9 for calibration, BG check, and  
measurement.  
Fig. 9  
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6.  
Procedure for measurements  
6-1 Procedure for measurements: Overview  
Fig. 1 shows overview of measurement procedure.  
Fig. 1  
Ocular height adjustment  
Frontal view alignment  
[BG check] verifies the alignment status. During the  
check, from the upper to lower ends including [Mea-  
surement window] are scanned. Verification results  
appear in the display (see “ 6-5 BG Check” ).  
Diagonal alignment/  
BG check  
Data output  
Data output  
Measurement  
Data summary  
End  
6-2 Ocular height adjustment  
Align Eye Level Mark with the patient’s eye.  
Fig. 2  
Put POWER Switch into ON position “ ” .Pull back Main unit and ask the patient to sit  
in front of the device.Ask the patient to rest his or her chin on Chin-rest and forehead on  
Forehead rest.Move Main unit to the right proximal position where you can see the right  
eye directly.Ascend or descend Chin-rest to align Eye Level Mark ( Fig. 2  
) with  
the patient’s eye.Using Calibrator as an index, place Measurement unit to the same  
position.Adjust crosswise position of Main unit to the patient’s eye.  
6-3 Frontal view alignment  
Fig. 3  
Perform the frontal view alignment while monitoring Frontal view  
alignment screen shown in the display.  
I D : 1 2 3 4L5  
F l r :  
0
W A :  
N :  
0
1Frontal view of the patient’s eye is shown in the display.Move Main unit until the  
luminous dot comes in the center of the display as shown in Fig. 3.  
Fig. 4  
I D : 1 2 3 4L5  
F l r :  
0
2As shown in Fig. 4, move the luminous dot into “  
” mark and adjust the position of  
W A :  
N :  
0
Main unit or Measurement unit to reduce the size of the luminous dot as small as  
possible.  
After all adjustments are completed, push “Measurement switch”.  
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6. Procedure for measurements  
6-4 Diagonal view alignment  
Perform the diagonal view alignment while monitoring Diagonal view  
alignment screen shown in the display.  
Fig. 5  
OK  
Diagonal view of the patient’s eye is shown in the display.Laser beam is emitted and  
Measurement window is shown in the display. Use Joy stick to position Measurement  
window and Reflected lights as shown in Fig. 5 (OK) (see Fig.7).  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L0  
F l r :  
0
W A :  
N :  
0
NG  
When the display shows their position as shown in this picture, laser beam is hitting the  
iris and background lights are not distributed evenly which would cause false  
measurements.See Fig. 6 and re-align.  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L0  
F l r :  
0
W A :  
N :  
0
When the display shows their position as shown in this picture, there is no window  
between two laser beams and the Measurement point is placed far away from the ante-  
rior chamber which would cause false measurements. See Fig. 6 and re-align.  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L0  
F l r :  
0
W A :  
N :  
0
Points for alignment  
Points for operation  
1. Measurement window must be between the left  
and right laser beams.  
It is recommended to tilt the joy stick lightly in diagonal  
directions while monitoring Diagonal view alignment  
screen.  
2. Measurement window must be located below the  
Spot light.  
3. Measurement window and the right laser beam  
must be within the pupil.  
Spot light  
Pupil  
Fig. 6  
Fig. 7  
Left laser  
beam  
Measurement  
window  
Right laser  
beam  
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6. Procedure for measurements  
6-5 BG check  
BG check starts when Diagonal view alignment screen is displayed.  
Fig. 8  
BG level appears in Measurement window.  
I D : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 L0  
F l r : 8 8 . 2  
W A :  
B
N :  
1
(Laser emission stops automatically when a certain period of time elapses. Pressing  
“Measurement switch” restarts the emission.)  
Stop  
Fig. 9  
BG level indicator  
High  
Level 5  
Level 4  
Level 3  
Level 2  
Level 1  
Level 0  
BG check finds out the uniformity of background lights by determining the back-  
ground lights around Measurement window. Level of the uniformity appears in  
Measurement window shown in the display. This is what we call “BG level indi-  
cator”. Details are shown in Figure 9.  
Level 5 is the highest level that indicates background lights are distributed most  
evenly, while Level 0 is the worst level that indicates the worst uniformity.  
You may proceed to the measurement when the color of BG level indicator  
turns to green.  
You can not start the measurement when it is white.  
BG level may be changed when the level does not become high. You may also  
force to start the measurement regardless of the level.  
Refer to “8. Configuration and setting”.  
Low  
However , measurements taken at a low BG level, reliability of them would be  
lowered.  
6-6 Measurement  
Press “Measurement switch” when the color of BG level indicator turns  
to green.  
Fig. 10  
Measurement starts and completes in 0.5 second.  
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6. Procedure for measurements  
6-7 Displaying measurement results  
Results are presented in graphs and values in the display as shown in  
Fig. 11. Data is automatically saved per measurement (the automatic  
save function may be disabled).  
Fig. 11  
100  
50  
When it is not needed to save data  
0
0.0  
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
If you do not need data to be saved, select “Del”.  
The vertical scale for graphs can be changed between 4 levels including  
“0 - 100”, “0 - 200”, “0 - 500” and “0 - 1000”, when “ Scale ” is selected.  
BG1:  
BG2:  
9.1  
5.1 (28.5%)  
N : 7  
SIG: 92.8  
BG  
FLARE :85.7  
Del  
Scale  
List  
Waveform evaluation  
Fig. 12  
Flare is compared with |BG1 - BG2 | per measurement.  
100  
(SIG – BBG ) - |BG1 - BG2 | > 0 is acceptable and no message is displayed.  
50  
(SIG – BBG ) - |BG1 - BG2 | 0 is unacceptable and the message “Inappropriate Data  
Form. Delete? ” is displayed.  
Select “ Del ” to delete or “ Store ” to save.  
0
0.0  
0.1  
0.2  
0.3  
0.4  
0.5  
BG1: 50.1  
N : 7  
Inappropriate Data Form.  
BG2: 23.1 (38.
SIG: 50.8  
BBG is BG1 or BG2, whichever the larger.  
Delete?  
FLARE :13.8  
Del  
Store  
Printing out the display  
Fig. 13  
Pressing “Print switch” prints out the display contents as seen in the print out sheet  
sample shown in Fig. 13.  
YY / MM / DD HH:MM  
NAME:  
ID:  
SEX: M / F  
Eye: R  
When continuously conducting multiple measurements  
If you want to continue taking additional measurements, press “Measurement switch”.  
BG check screen appears and you may continue the measurement.  
100  
50  
0
Maximum number of data savings  
When measurements are repeated on the same eye, up to 10 data savings are al-  
lowed.  
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5  
Switching the display to Summary data screen  
BG1: 5.3  
N:  
3
BG1: 4.6 ( 6.4%)  
SIG: 51.8  
When you want to have the display to show Summary data screen, select “List”.  
FLARE: 46.8  
KOWA FM-600 Ver. 1.0  
Print out sheet sample  
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6. Procedure for measurements  
6-8 Showing and editing acquired data  
If you have selected “List” in the display shown in the previous step,  
Summary data screen appears which shows a summary listing an  
average flare value and standard deviation (Fig. 14).  
Summary data screen  
Fig. 14  
N
BG (%) FLARE  
W/A  
1
2
3
4
5
9.8  
8.5  
8.0  
8.3  
9.0  
17  
6
20  
22  
BC  
Test Result  
No. of outliers : 1  
After the Test.  
No. of data : 4  
AV.:20.5  
9
21  
At the same time an outlier test is performed.  
55  
19  
8
Outlier test of acquired data  
AV:  
SD:  
20.5  
1.1  
S.D.:1.1  
When 5 or more data has been acquired, an outlier test is performed to find any outlier  
(or throw-out) candidate datum (see Additional Information below).  
When the message “Erase Outliers?” appears, select “Yes” to delete or “No” to save.  
Selecting “Yes” deletes the candidate data and recalculates an average flare value  
(Fig. 15).  
Erase Outliers?  
Yes  
No  
Example:  
Fig. 15  
Fig. 14 shows an example. When a significance level of 0.05 is selected and five flare  
values are 20, 22, 21, 55, then 19, 55 would be a candidate.  
N
1
2
3
4
BG (%) FLARE W/A  
9.8  
8.5  
8.0  
9.0  
17  
6
20 BC  
22  
9
21  
8
19  
20.5  
Additional Information:  
AV:  
SD:  
1.1  
Outlier test requires at least five data. The required number of data may be changed  
to any number between 5 and 10 (see “8. Configuration and settings”).  
This outlier test uses Smirnov and Grubbs’ method and the significance level may  
Cont  
Edit  
Stat  
End  
be 0.001, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2 (see “8. Configuration and settings” for  
details).The greater the significance level, the greater the number of throw-out can-  
didate data would be detected.  
You may also select not to perform an outlier test (see “8. Configuration and set-  
tings”).  
When there is no candidate the message “The result No. of Outliers:0 No outliers”  
appears.  
Fig. 16  
Editing summary data  
N
1
2
3
4
BG  
9.8  
8.5  
8.0  
9.0  
AV:  
SD:  
%
17  
6
FLARE W/A  
20 BC  
When you want to delete some data from Summary data screen, select “Edit”.  
Use “ ” and “ ” to select and highlight a datum.  
When you select “Del”, two lines are placed over the datum (Fig. 16).  
After you select all data you want to delete and select “Del”, the message “Delete the  
selected data?” appears.  
22  
21  
19  
20.5  
1.1  
9
8
Selecting “Yes” deletes all the data selected and exit the editing step.  
Del  
Set  
Fig. 17  
Printing out the display  
Pressing “Print switch” prints out Summary data screen contents as seen in the print  
out sheet sample shown in Fig. 17.  
YY / MM / DD HH:MM  
NAME:  
ID:  
SEX: M / F  
Eye: R  
Continuing / ending measurement  
If you want to continue taking additional measurements, select “Cont” in Summary data  
screen.  
Frontal view alignment screen appears (Maximum number of measurements is 10).  
N
1
2
3
BG (%) FLARE W/A  
0.7 7.4 82.9  
0.9 23.0 77.6  
0.9 55.6 81.8  
B
B
AV : 80.8  
If you finish measurement of the current eye, select “End” in Summary data screen.  
When the message “Proceed ? (Erase all data ?) ” appears, select “OK” to delete all  
data and go back to Frontal view alignment screen.  
SD :  
2.8  
KOWA FM-600 Ver. 1.0  
Selecting “No” deletes no datum and takes you back to Frontal view alignment screen.  
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7.  
Tips for measurements  
7-1 How to block laser beams  
Turning Calibrator until it comes to the position shown in Fig. 1 makes a  
click-sound and blocks laser beams.  
Fig. 1  
Use this method to block laser beams immediately and securely. The following mes-  
sage appears.  
Laser Attenuating …  
If Measure / Calibrate  
Set the position of Cali. Tool as fol-  
lows.  
When you start measuring, turn Calibrator  
counter-clockwise until it comes to MEASURE-  
MENT.  
When you start calibrating, turn Calibrator  
clockwise until it comes to CALIBRATION.  
Measure = Measurement  
Calibrate = Calibration  
7-2 Warning beep during BG check  
Fig. 2  
When intensive laser beam comes into Measuring window as shown  
in Fig. 2, Excessive light detector automatically emits a series of high-  
pitch short repeated alarm.  
When you hear this alarm, move Main unit and Measurement unit away to keep exces-  
sive laser beam from entering into Measuring window.  
Caution: Excessive laser beam may cause a photoreceiver element failure.  
Stop  
List  
7-3 Recommended procedures when BG check obtains no correct alignment  
Fig. 3  
When Excessive light detector does not stop the alarm in BG check  
screen, press “Frontal view switch” to go back to Frontal view alignment  
screen or select “Stop” on Fig. 2.  
Selecting “Stop” terminates the ongoing laser scanning and stops BG check. Realign  
while monitoring the laser beam position. In order to perform BG check again, press  
“Measurement switch” (Fig. 3).  
7-4 Recommended procedures when BG check obtains no good result  
Fig. 4  
Reading on the eye. BG check may result in good without using the  
alignment mark (Fig. 4).  
Important point is to align the device so that no iris image or reflected glare comes into  
Measurement window (see 6-4 Diagonal view alignment).  
Stop  
List  
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7. Tips for measurements  
7-5 Recommended procedures when measured waveforms are offset to left or right  
Fig. 6  
You may encounter waveform offset to the left as shown in Fig. 6 when  
attempting a measurement at an excessively lower part of the anterior  
chamber.  
You can not obtain a correct flare value in this condition.  
1Select “ON” for “Laser : Position” as described in “8. Configuration and  
settings” and change the laser position in BG check screen to solve this  
problem.  
Wide  
Narrow  
Fig. 7  
2Use “ ” and “ ” several times to change the laser position.  
L
3Press “Measurement switch” to perform a measurement after the position  
change. This setting is effective until all measurement data for the one  
examined eye are cleared.  
Stop  
List  
Select “End” in Summary data screen.  
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8.  
Configuration and settings  
Fig. 1  
1Press and hold Print switchfor more than 4 seconds to display the menu  
Laser Flare Meter  
FM-600  
screen (Fig. 1).  
Ver. 1.0  
2Select “Setting” using “ ” or “ ” and select “Ent” to display Setting menu  
Setting  
Calibration  
End  
screen.  
Ent  
When collected data exists, contents of the menu would be as shown in Fig. 2.  
Fig. 2  
Select “ setting ” using “ ”or “ ” then select “ Ent ” to display Setting menu screen.In order to  
Laser Flare Meter  
FM-600  
end the setting and move to other screen, you must decide the next procedure. Use “ ” or “  
to select an item and select “Ent”.  
Ver. 1.0  
Setting  
Calibration  
Continue Measure  
End Measure  
Calibration  
(to delete collected data and perform calibration)  
(to keep collected data and exit the menu screen)  
(to open Summary data screen)  
Continue Measure  
End Measure  
Ent  
3Use “ ” or “ ” to select an item from the screen shown in Fig. 3 and select  
“Ent” to open the menu screen corresponding to the selected item.  
Changing the mode of each item you may change the state of this device.  
Fig. 3  
Setting  
Meas. Process  
Illumination  
Laser  
Output mode  
Date/Time  
Sleep Time  
End  
Details of each item are described below:  
Ent  
Meas. Process (common settings regarding measurement)  
Setting menu  
Description  
Selection  
Yes / No  
Prohibiting  
Yes  
or not prohibiting Noa measurement  
with a quality below BG error level.  
BG Error Check  
BG Error Level  
Meas. TRG  
BG error level setting, “H” for rigorous or “L” for reduced error level.  
Auto or manual measurement after BG error check.  
H / M / L  
Auto / Manual  
1 / 2  
Alighnment Mode  
Graph View  
Diagonal view alignment, "1" for single step or "2" for double step.  
Displaying  
Allowing On  
Displaying On  
On  
or not allowing  
or not displaying  
or not displaying  
Off  
ID input.  
Off Graph View when,  
Graph View.  
On / Off  
On / Off  
ID No. Input  
Off”  
On / Off  
Graph Review  
“Del” is selected to delete some data in Summary data screen.  
Data Store  
Saving measurements automatically or manually.  
Manual / Auto  
On / Off  
Data Form Evaluation  
Executing  
On  
or not executing Offa data shape evaluation.  
Automatic, significance level, and minimum number of data  
settings for outlier test.  
Auto | 5% | 5  
Auto Statistics  
Shadowed items  
and numbers within brackets are default settings.  
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8. Configuration and settings  
Illumination settings  
Setting menu  
Front View  
Description  
Selection  
Illumination intensity settings of Frontal view alignment screen.  
Illumination intensity settings of Diagonal alignment screen.  
1 - 10  
Side View  
1 - 10  
Chin Light  
White LED illumination, “On  
or “Off  
.
On / Off  
Monitor Bright  
Monitor Contrast  
Monitor Brightness adjustment.  
Monitor Contrast adjustment.  
-63 - +64 (-40)  
-63 - +64 (-40)  
Laser settings  
Setting menu  
Position  
Description  
Selection  
Allowing  
On  
or not allowing Offto change laser scanning position temporally. On / Off  
Default  
Default setting of permanent laser scanning position.  
-3 - +4 (0)  
Off Time  
Setting of a period of time elapsed before aborting laser emission. 01 - 10  
Data output settings  
Setting menu  
Description  
Selection  
Selecting devices to which data are output.  
PRN : Printer only, EXT : External device only,  
Output to  
Form  
PRN / EXT / PRN+EXT  
PRN EXT : Printer and external device.  
Selecting On  
Name  
ID  
or not selecting Off  
Patient name  
Patient ID  
contents to be printed.  
On / Off  
On / Off  
On / Off  
On / Off  
All / Result  
Sex  
Patient sex  
Eye  
Examined patient eye  
Collected data  
Data  
Date (time when data was acquired for Measurements  
graph screen and time when data was outputted for  
Date  
On / Off  
On / Off  
Summary data screen)  
.
Equipment  
Name of equipment  
Date/Time settings  
Setting menu  
Description  
Selection  
Date Form  
Selecting “yy/mm/dd  
, “mm/dd/yy  
, or “dd/mm/yy  
.
YY / MM / DD  
Displaying the date when settings were made. Values may be  
— — —  
— — —  
Date  
changed using  
.
Time(24h)  
Displaying the time (24h) when settings were made.  
Sleep time settings  
Setting menu  
Description  
Selection  
Time setting for power saving function to become active  
In order to terminate the power saving mode, press any key.  
0 – 99 (10)  
Sleep Time  
Shadowed items  
and numbers within brackets are default settings.  
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9.  
Miscellaneous  
9-1 ID input  
In order to input an ID number, “ID No. Input” must be “On” (refer to “8. Configuration  
and settings”). Use function keys, ten keys, or a barcode reader to input an ID number.  
9-1-1 Inputting an ID number using function keys  
1Select “CLR” to clear the number shown if any  
Fig. 1  
2Use “  
” to move within the digits shown (selecting “  
” moves you to the left  
(the larger digit field next to the current one))  
3Use “ ” to increase the number within the current field.  
4Use “Set” to confirm the input.  
ID Input  
ID No.  
0000000000  
9-1-2 Inputting an ID number using function keys  
You need a ten key pad with a PS/2 connector. This device accepts 0 to 9 and Enter  
key only. Any other key are not accepted. The primary field for a ten key pad is the right  
end field (other field you have selected using a function key will be ignored and you  
need to start from the right end field).  
CLR  
Set  
Function keys are active even when you have connected a ten key pad.  
9-1-3 Inputting an ID number using a bar code reader  
You need a bar code reader with a PS/2 connector. For details of configuration and  
settings of a bar code reader, refer to the users’ manual supplied with your reader.  
Should you have any question, contact Kowa sales representative or dealership.  
9-2 Connecting external devices  
When you use external device or software to acquire and control data, refer to the communication specifications and data  
structure.  
Caution  
The RS232C cable must be less than 2 m.  
When you use a peripheral device and/or other device connected to the peripheral device must meet all applicable IEC stan-  
dards.  
Data processing devices must meet IEC60601-1-1 or IEC60950.  
The system that combines such data processing devices must meet IEC60601-1-1.  
The system administrator who builds such system bears all responsibility to have the system comply with requirements of  
IEC60601-1-1.  
Should you have any question, contact Kowa sales representative or dealership.  
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9. Miscellaneous  
1Communication specifications  
2Output data structure 1: Graph data  
2. Header  
Name or data  
Baud rate  
Data  
38400bps  
8bit  
1. Data structure  
Header  
Description  
Data type  
:LSS50  
HEAD  
HEAD  
ID No.  
Fixed  
Parity  
Even  
1bit  
Data  
:LSS50  
Fixed  
Stop  
Graph data  
Footer  
512  
ID  
10digits, numeric  
Flow control  
All data must be made of ASCII codes.  
The double type is index display.  
none  
TempCorrect  
CaliCorrect  
LD_TempCheck  
LD_AlarmCheck  
asterisk  
Temperature compensation ON/OFF  
Calibrator compensation ON/OFF  
LDTemp check ON/OFF  
LDAlarm check ON/OFF  
Calibration execution request OFF/ON  
Data type (graph)  
0/1  
0/1  
0/1  
0/1  
0/1  
0
Fixed  
4. Graph data  
Name or data  
flr_dt  
3. Data  
Description  
Data type  
Name or data  
Description  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM  
Data type  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM  
0 = left, 1 = right  
0 - 5  
Graph data  
Short type  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM  
L/R  
Examined eye (left or right)  
5. Footer  
Name or data  
:END  
rank  
BG rank during measurement  
Description  
Data type  
SN  
Waring: S/N  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
Double type  
Fixed  
BG  
Waring: BG  
CELL  
DF  
Waring: CELL  
Waring: D/F (data form evaluation)  
ST  
Waring: ST (SG test results)  
DARK  
BG1  
BG2  
Signal  
Flare  
Sens  
PMTTemp  
DARK  
BG1  
Double type  
BG2  
Double type  
SIG  
Double type  
FLARE  
Sens  
Double type  
Double type  
PMTTemp  
Double type  
4. Data (individual)  
Name or data  
Num  
3Output data structure 2: Summary data  
Description  
Data number  
Data type  
1 - 10  
1. Data structure  
Header  
BG  
BG average  
Double type  
Data (common)  
BG_diff  
BG amplitude (%)  
FLARE evaluation result  
Sens  
Double type  
Data (individual)  
Repeated for as many data as collected  
Flare  
Double type  
Footer transmission  
Sens  
Double type  
PMTTemp  
Warning_SN  
Warning_BG  
Warning_CELL  
Warning_DF  
Warning_ST  
PMTTemp  
Double type  
2. Header  
Waring: S/N  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
0 = OK, -1 = NG  
Name or data  
:LSS50  
Description  
Data type  
Waring: BG  
HEAD  
HEAD  
ID No.  
Fixed  
Waring: CELL  
:LSS50  
Fixed  
Waring: D/F(data form evaluation)  
Waring: ST (SG test results)  
ID  
10digits, numeric  
TempCorrect  
CaliCorrect  
LD_TempCheck  
LD_AlarmCheck  
asterisk  
Temperature compensation ON/OFF  
Calibrator compensation ON/OFF  
LDTemp check ON/OFF  
LDAlarm check ON/OFF  
Calibration execution request OFF/ON  
Data type (list)  
0/1  
0/1  
5. Send Footer  
Name or data  
:END  
0/1  
Description  
Data type  
0/1  
End code  
Fixed  
0/1  
1
Fixed  
3. Data (common)  
Name or data  
Description  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM  
Examined eye (left or right)  
Number of data  
Average  
Data type  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM,  
0 = left, 1 = right  
1 - 10  
YY/MM/DD HH:MM  
L/R  
N
AV.  
S.D.  
Double type  
S.D.  
Double type  
29  
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9. Miscellaneous  
9-3 Display messages  
This section explains the massages that appear in the screens.  
Message  
Description  
Action  
LD Temp Check  
Please wait  
Temperature at the laser source  
is not within the specified range.  
You need to wait until the tempera-  
ture becomes appropriate.  
Latest Calibration Data:  
(YY/MM/DD HH:mm)  
Calibrate Now?  
One month has passed since last  
calibration. It is recommended to  
calibrate.  
Selecting “Yes” starts calibration.  
Selecting “No” aborts calibration.  
Laser Attenuating…  
If Measure / Calibrate  
Set the positions of Cali. Tool as follows.  
Measure : Measurement  
Calibrate : Calibration  
Laser beam may attenuate de-  
pending on the calibrator posi-  
tion.  
If you need no laser attenuation,  
turn the calibrator until it comes  
to MEASUREMENT or CALI-  
BRATION.  
ALERT  
While retaining the right (left) eye  
data, Measurement switch is  
pressed for the left (right) eye.  
Select “End” on the summary  
table and proceed to the left  
(right) eye measurement.  
Can't hold both R&L eye data.  
Keep on Measuring “L- eye”.  
Or Erase all data.  
Press the Joystick Button.  
To Return Scanning.  
Time limit has passed over and  
laser emission is terminated au-  
tomatically.  
Pressing Measurement switch  
restarts laser emission.  
Inappropriate Data Form Delete ?  
Obtained waveform is not appro-  
priate.  
Selecting “Del” clears the data.  
Selecting “Store” saves the data.  
Test Result  
Results of the outlier test are  
shown. Average and standard de-  
viation is recalculated and dis-  
played If any outlier datum is  
cleared.  
Selecting “Yes” clears the can-  
didate data. Selecting “No” does  
not clear them.  
No. of Outliers, After the Test.  
No. of Data, AV , S.D.  
Erase Outliers ?  
The result  
No. of Outliers: 0.  
No. Outliers.  
Results of the outlier test presented  
no candidate data.  
You need anything to do.  
Disply List Data.  
“Unstored Data ” exists.  
Press “Graph ” to store.  
This message warns you about  
data that need to be saved.  
By selecting “Graph” you can go  
back to Measurements graph  
screen where you save the data.  
Selecting “List” clears the un-  
saved data.  
Clear Selected Data?  
This message reminds you that  
the data selected on Summary  
screen will be cleared.  
Selecting “Yes” clears the data.  
Selecting “No” does not clear  
the data.  
PROCEED ?  
(Erase all data? )  
This message reminds you that  
the data collected for the exam-  
ined eye will be cleared before  
proceeding to next measure-  
ment.  
Selecting “Yes” clears the data,  
completes a measurement, and  
desplays Diagonal alignment  
screen.  
Now transferring.  
Data are now being transferred  
out from the device.  
Wait until the data output com-  
pletes.  
30  
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9. Miscellaneous  
9-4 Function switches  
Details of function switches are described in this section.  
Function switch  
Description  
Function switch  
Description  
Moves the cursor upwards.  
Moves the cursor downwards.  
Moves the cursor to the left or right.  
Confirms the selected setting or item.  
Confirms the setting.  
Changes the current screen to Sum-  
mary data screen.  
List  
Changes the vertical scale for waveform  
graphs.  
Scale  
Edit  
ID  
Ent  
Set  
End  
Changes the current screen to Editing  
screen.  
Changes the current screen to ID input  
screen.  
Terminates the current setting screen.  
Increases a parameter value.  
Decreases a parameter value.  
Accepts the setting.  
Clear the number(s) shown in ID input  
fields.  
CLR  
Stat  
Starts statistic processing.  
Yes  
No  
Regenerates measurements graph from  
unsaved data.  
Cancels the setting.  
Graph  
Stop  
Store  
Del  
Poses laser scanning.  
Cont  
Performs additional measurement.  
Performs no calibration.  
Saves the measurement(s) shown.  
Deletes the measurement(s) shown.  
Not. Cali  
9-5 Relocation  
Follow the precautions shown below when you relocate this device:  
Fig. 1  
Move Main unit so that Main unit sits right on the top of Power Supply unit as shown  
NG  
in Fig. 1.  
Press down and tighten Self-locking screw clockwise as shown in Fig. 2.  
Place your both hands under the Power Supply unit and lift the device. Do not lift  
the device using any other part.  
Make sure there is no bump or dip on the place where you relocate the device.  
Make sure not to pinch your hands when placing the device in place.  
Turn counterclockwise and undo Self-locking screw after placing the device.  
OK  
Fig. 2  
Fig. 3  
Tighten  
Undo  
31  
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10. Troubleshooting  
10-1 Phenomena and validation  
In this section, we discuss what you can do when you encounter a problem. When a problem occurs, check the items shown  
below first. If none of the items is the case or if the specified remedy solve your problem, please contact your Kowa dealer  
where you have purchased the instrument.  
Situation  
Phenomena  
Validation (possible cause)  
Remedy  
The display does not show the  
patient’s eye (Frontal alignment  
screen).  
Vertical level and the position of the  
eye are not aligned with those of the  
device.  
Pull back Base segment and perform Ocu-  
lar height adjustment again (see “  
6-2  
Ocular height adjustment” on Page 19)ask  
the patient to sit in front of the device.  
The display does not show the  
patient’s eye (Diagonal alignment  
screen).  
The position of the eye not aligned  
with the device.  
Align the position again using Fron-  
tal alignment screen.  
Alignment  
The display is whitened and the  
luminous dot for alignment does  
not appear.  
No light shade is used in a well-  
lighted room.  
Settings of the display are incorrect.  
Use a light shade. Adjust settings of  
the display correctly. Darken the  
room.  
No measurement is started (Mea-  
suring window does not turn to  
green).  
The ratio of BG1 to BG2 is not good.  
“Yes” is selected for the setting of BG  
error check.  
Change the target point.  
Change the settings:  
Change the laser position  
.
Change BG level  
.
• Select “No” for BG error check.  
Measurement  
mode  
No measurement is started (alarm  
is emitted).  
Excessive light is detected blocking  
a measurement.  
Change the target point.  
Data can not be saved.  
Flare value is zero (0). “Store” but-  
ton is not selected.  
Perform measurement again.  
BG value and BG% are too high.  
The target point is not good. The  
room is well-lighted.  
Change the target point.  
Darken the room or use a light  
shade.  
Measurement  
data  
There are excessive variations in  
collected data.  
The target point is not good.  
Perform an additional measurement and  
perform a test.  
Nothing is printed out.  
Any printer is not selected for Out-  
put mode.  
Select “PRN” or “PRN + EXIT” for  
the output setting.  
Print  
Nothing is printed out.  
No printer paper left.  
Replace with a new printer paper  
roll.  
10-2 Error messages  
This section describes error messages that appear when a device malfunction occurs.  
Message  
Error1 DARK  
Description  
Remedy  
DARK count exceeded the limit.  
Turn off the power supply and contact  
Kowa sales representative.  
Error2 PMT sens  
Sensitivity of the photoreceiver ele-  
ment dropped below the limit.  
Turn off the power supply and contact  
Kowa sales representative.  
Error3 PMT Temp. Alarm  
Error4 LD Temp. Uncontrolled  
Temperature of the photoreceiver ele-  
ment exceeded the limit.  
Turn off the power supply and contact  
Kowa sales representative.  
Temperature of the laser source be-  
came uncontrollable.  
Turn off the power supply and contact  
Kowa sales representative.  
The printer paper roll or the lid is  
wrongly positioned (see Page 15).  
If the problem continues, turn off the  
power supply and contact Kowa sales  
representative.  
Error5 Printer  
Please Check Printer Paper  
A system error occurred.  
Turn off the power supply and contact  
Kowa sales representative.  
Error6 – 11  
32  
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11. Maintenance/Inspection  
This instrument is a controlled medical device, of which the measurements obtained using this instrument may be affected  
by daily maintenance and inspection.  
In order to use this instrument safely and correctly, carefully read the items listed in this section.  
11-1 Daily maintenance  
1Perform a calibration of this instrument a month in accordance with the procedure specified in 5. Calibration.  
2Turn off POWER switch and place the dust cover on the instrument after use.  
3Make sure that the photoreceiver lens and the light emitting lens are not contaminated with dust, finger prints, and/or  
tear fluid. When they are contaminated wipe them clean first and re-clean using a soft gauze pad or sheets of lens  
cleaning paper dampened with 1:1 solution made of absolute alcohol and ether. Do not use any other agent or cloth.  
4Make sure that Eye fixation lamp window is not contaminated with dust, finger prints, and/or tear fluid. When it is  
contaminated, clean using sheets of lens cleaning paper dampened with neutral detergent solution. Do not use alcohol  
for cleaning.  
5When the main part of the device gets soiled, clean it with soft cloth. When the main part of the instrument gets soiled,  
clean it with soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or solvents such as thinner and benzene, which cause alteration, deforma-  
tion, paint-loss.  
6If the instrument is not to be in use for a long period of time, turn OFF the Power switch and unplug the instrument.  
7When resuming use of instrument that has not been used for a long period of time, calibrate the instrument in accor-  
dance with the procedure specified in 5. Calibration”.  
11-2 Daily inspection (by the user)  
Perform daily inspection in accordance with FM-600 Daily Inspection Table ”.  
When a problem is detected but can not solved with Daily maintenance procedure described above, contact Kowa or your  
Kowa dealer where you have purchased the instrument.  
FM-600 Daily Inspection Table  
Item  
Inspection  
Criteria  
Power supply cable  
Printer paper  
Visually inspect that the power supply cable has no damage.  
Determine that an appropriate amount is left.  
There is no damage.  
There is an appropriate amo-  
unt is left.  
Outer shell  
Visually inspect that the main part does not have any crack or  
deformation.  
There is no crack or deforma-  
tion.  
Rating plate, Pre-  
caution plate  
Visually inspect that contents shown on the plates are read-  
able.  
Contents shown on the plates  
are readable.  
Light emitting lens,  
photoreceiver lens  
Visually inspect that the window surfaces on these lenses are  
not soiled.  
The lenses are not contami-  
nated with dust, finger prints,  
and/or tear fluid.  
Chin-rest  
Press Chin-rest ascending/descending switch and visually in-  
spect that it operates properly.  
Chin-rest ascends and de-  
scends properly.  
Ascending and de-  
scending of Operat-  
ing unit  
Turn the joy stick and visually inspect that Operating unit as-  
cends and descends properly.  
Operating unit ascends and  
descends properly.  
Calibration  
Calibrate the device in accordance with the procedure speci-  
fied in 5.Calibration”.  
Calibration successfully com-  
pletes without any error.  
33  
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11 Maintenance/Inspection  
11-3 Fuse replacement  
Turn the power switch OFF, unplug the power supply plug off from the power supply  
inlet and remove the fuse holder using a flat-head driver. Replace the blown fuse with a  
spare fuse. Use only a specified replacement fuse.  
Manufacturer:  
Littelfuse  
Part Name (Part #): 0218001M  
Warning  
When replacing a fuse, be sure to turn OFF the Power switch and unplug instrument from the power outlet.  
Doing otherwise may result in electrical shock.  
Unplug  
Use only a specified replacement fuse. Using other fuse may cause a device failure or fire.  
Warning/  
High-Voltage  
11-4 Chin-rest paper installation  
Place a sheet of Chin-rest paper on Chin-rest and hold the sheet with Chin-rest pins.  
Use a sheet of Chin-rest paper per patient and replace it with a new sheet for a next  
patient.  
Chin-rest paper  
Chin-rest paper  
retaining pins  
Chin-rest  
11-5 Sterilization of Forehead rest and Chin-rest  
Forehead stopper must be wiped clean with alcohol disinfectant solution every time a patient finishes an examination with  
this instrument.  
When you do not use a sheet of Chin-rest paper, Chin-rest must be wiped clean with alcohol disinfectant solution.  
11-6 Refilling and replacing consumables  
Order any of the required consumables with the order number  
to your supplier.  
Item  
Order Number  
K9L-TB45 #102  
Chin-rest paper  
Chin-rest pins  
Printer paper  
Fuse  
K9L-TB45 #101  
STH -148  
0218001M(T1.0A L250V)  
11-7 Regular inspection (by the device supplier)  
In order to use the device safely for a long period of time, it is recommended to have the following regular inspection done.  
For details of inspection and its const, consult with your supplier.  
Items to be inspected 1.Outer shell, installation, 2. Optical components, 3. Operation and function of components, 4. Verification  
of laser power, 5. Calibration, 6. Verification of measuring functions.  
11-8 Repairing  
Contact. Your local Kowa Service representative.  
34  
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12. Specifications  
12-1 Specifications  
Scanning laser source  
Photoreceiver element  
Measurement range  
Measurement accuracy  
Measurement area  
Measurement time  
Measurement distance  
Printer  
Semiconductor laser, Wave length: 635nm, Intensity: 35 15µW  
A photomultiplier tube  
1 - 500 Photon count/ms  
5%(under the calibration environment)  
0.3mm (H) X 0.5mm (W)  
0.5 seconds  
81mm (Patient’s eye - objective lens)  
58mm - wide thermal printer  
5.6" TFT color LCD  
Monitor  
Base segment movable  
range  
Lengthwise: 37mm, Crosswise 89mm, Vertical: 25mm  
Energy saving function  
Interface  
Provided  
ID input: PS/2 (a ten key pad and a bar code reader)  
Data output RS232C  
Power supply  
Input: AC100V - 230V, 50/60Hz, power consumption: 80VA (Normal), 100VA (Max)  
274(W) X 457(D) X 458(H)mm / 18 Kg  
Dimension/Weight  
12-2 Completed safety standards and Classification  
1. IEC 60601-1:1988+A1:1991+A2:1995  
Classification of the medical device according to on the  
Class I  
protection type against electrical shock  
Classification of the patient attachment according to on the  
Type B  
protection level against electrical shock  
Classification based on IEC60529: the level of protection  
IPXO  
that electrical appliances provide against the intrusion of  
water.  
Classification of safe use of the device based on the level  
of protection against the environment which contains air  
and flammable anesthesia gases, or the environment  
which contains oxygen or nitrous-oxide gas and flammable  
anesthesia gases  
This is not a device capable of being used in such  
environment.  
Classification of the device based on the operation mode  
A device capable of being operated continuously  
2. IEC 60601-1-2:2001  
3. IEC 60825-1:2001 (Laser Class : Class 1 )  
4. ISO 15004:1997  
Complied EC Directive  
Meidcal Device Directive 93/42/EEC  
WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC  
35  
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13. Electromagnetic Compatibility  
This device is a medical electrical instrument. The medical electrical instrument requires special care concerning electromagnetic compatibility  
(EMC). This section describes its suitability in terms of electromagnetic compatibility of this instrument. When installing or using this instrument,  
please read carefully and observe what is described here. (This instrument was tested on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) based on  
IEC60601-1-2: 2001.)  
1. Carefully handle portable- or mobile-type radio frequency communication unit (RF communications equipment) since it may have an  
adverse effect on this instrument resulting in malfunctioning.  
2. Do not directly touch the pins of the connectors specified by the right figure. Also, take preventive measures before connecting cables  
to these connectors.  
Examples of preventive measures are as follows;  
Pay attention to the humidity of the room (do not keep the humidity too low).  
Place the instrument where conductive floor is used.  
Wear non-polyester clothes.  
Discharge your body by touching a large metal or the metal part of the instrument chassis.  
Use a wrist strap against static electricity.  
Also, provide guidance and training, in which warnings and precautions described above must be learned by all personnel who may use this  
device.  
The subjects shown below may be used when providing such guidance and training.  
[About Static Electricity]  
All materials hold positive (+) and negative (-) electrical charges. Normally, the number of positive (+) charges is equal to the  
number of negative (-) charges. This is called “neutral” state.  
However, when electrons are attracted by friction, contact or abruption, the material holds more negative charges or more positive  
charges (this is called “electrically charged”).  
The electricity which is generated here is called “static electricity”. Static electricity is generated anytime. However, electric charges  
where humidity is high leak quickly as water which is a conductor is attached to the surface of the material and the electricity  
passes through the water film.  
By contraries, the material where humidity is low holds a few thousands of volts as it tends to remain electrically charged.  
Static electricity which is built up is discharged through the earth via other conductors. This is called “electrostatic discharge”.  
When an operator with static electricity touches electronic devices or parts, they discharge static electricity, which may cause  
malfunction or damage.  
Therefore, be very careful with electrostatic discharge when touching electronic devices or parts. Specific measures are as follows;  
Pay attention to the humidity of the room (do not keep the humidity two low).  
Place the instrument where conductive floor is used.  
Wear non-polyester clothes.  
Discharge your body by touching a large metal or the metal part of the instrument chassis.  
Use a wrist strap against static electricity.  
These are preventive measures to avoid discharging static electricity through electronic devices or parts.  
3. Do not use other than recommended options or accessories, since they may affect this device or other devices resulting in their  
malfunctioning.  
power cable for 100V: KP300VCTFX5SQ KSA  
power cable for 200V: KP-4819Y KS-A  
RS-232C cross cable with sheath (a maximum length of 3 m)  
PC: A personal computer that carries CE mark, VCCI and FCC certificates.  
4. This instrument is not designed such that it can be used adjacent to other instrument or placing one on top of another. Therefore, do not  
apply such use. Nevertheless, if such use is inevitable, it is necessary to constantly monitor if the instrument is functioning normally  
after such use has been adopted.  
36  
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13. Electromagnetic Compatibility  
[ Compliance verification and guidance ]  
Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic emissions  
The KOWA FM-600 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of  
the KOWA FM-600 should assure that it is used in such an environment.  
Emissions test  
RF emissions  
Compliance  
Group 1  
Electromagnetic environment guidance  
The KOWA FM-600 uses RF energy only for its internal function. Therefore,  
its RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in  
nearby electronic equipment.  
CISPR 11  
RF emissions  
Class A  
Class A  
Complies  
The KOWA FM-600 is suitable for use in all establishments other than domes-  
tic and those directly connected to the public low-voltage power supply net-  
work that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.  
CISPR 11  
Harmonic emissions  
IEC 61000-3-2  
Voltage fluctuations/  
flicker emissions  
IEC 61000-3-3  
Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity  
The KOWA FM-600 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the KOWA FM-  
600 should assure that it is used in such an environment.  
Immunity test  
IEC 60601 test level  
Compliance level  
2, 4, 6kV contact  
Electromagnetic environment - guidance  
Electrostatic dis-  
charge (ESD)  
IEC 61000-4-2  
6kV contact  
8kV air  
Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If floors  
are covered with synthetic material, the relative humidity  
should be at least 30%.  
2, 4, 8kV air  
Electrical fast tran-  
sient/burst  
2 kV for power supply  
lines  
1 kV for input/output  
lines  
2 kV for power supply  
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commer-  
cial or hospital environment.  
lines  
1 kV for input/output  
lines  
0.5,1 kV differential  
mode  
0.5,1,2 kV common  
mode  
IEC61000-4-4  
Surge  
1 kV differential mode  
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commer-  
cial or hospital environment.  
IEC 61000-4-5  
2 kV common mode  
Voltage dips, short  
interruptions and  
voltage variations  
on power supply  
input lines  
<5% UT  
(>95% dip in UT)  
for 0.5 cycle  
<5% UT  
(>95% dip in UT)  
for 0.5 cycle  
Mains power quality should be that of a typical commer-  
cial or hospital environment.  
If the user of the KOWA FM-600 requires continued op-  
eration during power mains interruptions, it is recom-  
mended that the KOWA FM-600 be powered from an  
uninterruptible power supply or a battery.  
40% UT  
(60% dip in UT)  
for 5 cycles  
40% UT  
(60% dip in UT  
for 5 cycles  
IEC61000-4-11  
70% UT  
70% UT  
(30% dip in UT)  
for 25 cycles  
(30% dip in UT)  
for 25 cycles  
<5% UT  
<5% UT  
(>95% dip in UT)  
for 5 sec  
(>95% dip in UT)  
for 5 sec  
Power frequency  
(50/60Hz)  
Magnetic field  
IEC61000-4-8  
3 A/m  
3 A/m  
Power frequency magnetic fields should be at levels  
characteristic of a typical location in a typical commer-  
cial or hospital environment.  
NOTE UT is the A.C. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.  
37  
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13.Electromagnetic Compatibility  
Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity  
The KOWA FM-600 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the KOWA FM-  
600 should assure that it is used in such an environment.  
Immunity test  
IEC 60601 test level  
Compliance level  
Electromagnetic environment - guidance  
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment  
should be used no closer to any part of the KOWA FM-  
600, including cables, than the recommended separa-  
tion distance calculated from the equation applicable to  
the frequency of the transmitter.  
Recommended separation distance  
Conducted RF  
IEC 61000-4-6  
3 Vrms  
150 kHz to 80 MHz  
3 V  
d=1.2  
P
d=1.2 P 80 MHz to 800 MHz  
d=2.3 P 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz  
Radiated RF  
3 V/m  
3 V/m  
IEC 61000-4-3  
80 MHz to 2.5 GHz  
where P is the maximum output power rating of the  
transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter  
manufacturer and d is the recommended separation dis-  
tance in meters (m).  
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by  
a
an electromagnetic site survey , should be less than the  
compliance level in each frequency range b.  
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment  
marked with the following symbol:  
NOTE 1 At 80MHz and 800MHz, the higher frequency range applies.  
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from  
structures, objects and people.  
a
Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios,  
amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the  
electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured  
field strength in the location in which the KOWA FM-600 is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the KOWA  
FM-600 should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be neces-  
sary, such as reorienting or relocating the KOWA FM-600.  
b
Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.  
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communications equipment  
and the KOWA FM-600  
The KOWA FM-600 is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The  
customer or the user of the KOWA FM-600 can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between  
portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the KOWA FM-600 as recommended below, according to the  
maximum output power of the communications equipment.  
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter  
m
Rated maximum output power  
of transmitter  
W
150 kHz to 80 MHz  
D=1.2  
0.12  
80 MHz to 800 MHz  
d=1.2  
0.12  
800 MHz to 2.5 GHz  
d=2.3  
0.23  
P
P
P
0.01  
0.1  
1
0.37  
1.2  
3.7  
12  
0.37  
1.2  
3.7  
12  
0.74  
2.3  
7.4  
23  
10  
100  
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in meters (m) can be  
estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter  
in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.  
NOTE 1 80MHz and 800MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.  
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from  
structures, objects and people.  
38  
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14. Photochemical Hazard (ISO 15004:1997)  
• The relative spectral output of the instrument  
(µW/(cm2 • nm))  
5
4
3
2
1
0
300  
400  
500  
600  
700  
Wavelength (nm)  
• The spectrally-weighted photochemical source radiance, both aphakic LB and aphakic LA  
LB = 0.0352 mW/(cm2 sr) 305nm to 700nm  
LA = 0.0352 mW/(cm2 sr) 305nm to 700nm  
(informative)  
Spectrally weighted photochemical radiances LB and LA give a measure of the potential that exists of a beam of  
light to cause photochemical hazard to the retina. LB gives the measure for eyes in which the crystalline lens is in  
place. LA gives this measure either for eyes in which the crystalline lens has been removed (aphakes) and has not  
been replaced by a UV-blocking lens or for the eyes of very young children.  
The value stated for this ophthalmic instrument gives a measure of hazard potential when the instrument is oper-  
2
ated at maximum intensity and maximum aperture. Values of LB or LA over 80mW/(cm sr) are considered high for  
beams which wholly fill a dilated pupil.  
The retinal exposure dose for a photochemical hazard is a product of the radiance and the exposure time. For  
2
instance, at a radiance level of 80mW/(cm sr), 3 min irradiation of the dilated (8mm diameter) pupil would cause  
the retinal exposure dose level to attain the recommended exposure limit. If the value of radiance were reduced to  
40mW/(cm2 sr), twice that time (i.e.6min) would be needed to reach the recommended limit. The recommended  
exposure dose is based on calculations arising from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien-  
ists (ACGIH) - Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents (1995-1996 edition).  
While no acute optical radiation hazards have been identified for ophthalmic instruments, it is recommended that  
the intensity of light directed into the subject's eye be limited to the minimum level which is necessary for diagno-  
sis.  
Infants, aphakes and persons with diseased eyes will be at greater risk. The risk may also be increased if the  
person being examined has had any exposure with the same instrument or any other ophthalmic instrument using  
a visible light source during the previous 24 h. This will apply particularly if the eye has been exposed to retinal  
photography.  
39  
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For EU market.  
40  
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41  
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0197  
(World Sales Headquarters)  
4-14, Nihonbashi-honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8433 Japan  
Phone: 81(3) 3279-7331  
Immermannstrasse 43B  
40210 Duesseldorf F.R. Germany  
Phone: 49(211) 1793540  
Facsimile: 49(211) 161952  
Facsimile: 81(3) 5255-7516  
Hamamatsu Factory  
3-1, Shinmiyakoda 1-chome, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka Pref., 431-2103 Japan  
© 2006 Kowa Company, Ltd. All rights reserved.  
LSS50 V1.0 E 061208 MS  
Printed on recycled paper.  
Printed in Japan  
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