VP N 3 0 0 2 Ha rd w a re Clie n t
Re fe re n c e
Release 3.5
Novem ber 2001
Co rp o ra t e He a d q u a rt e rs
Cisco System s, Inc.
170 West Tasm an Drive
San J ose, CA 95134-1706
USA
Tel: 408 526-4000
800 553-NETS (6387)
Fax: 408 526-4100
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C O N T E N T S
Preface ix
Interfaces 3-1
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Contents
Servers 5-1
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Contents
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type | Upload File from Workstation 12-49
Monitoring 13-1
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Preface
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Reference provides guidelines for configuring the Cisco VPN 3002,
details on all the functions available in the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager, and instructions for
using the VPN 3002 Command Line Interface.
Prerequisites
We assume you have read the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Getting Started manual and have followed the
minimal configuration steps in Quick Configuration. That section of the VPN Hardware Client Manager
is not described here.
We also assume you are an experienced system administrator or network administrator with appropriate
education and training, who knows how to install, configure, and manage internetworking systems.
However, virtual private networks and VPN devices might be new to you. You should be familiar with
Windows system configuration and management, and you should be familiar with Microsoft Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator or Communicator browsers.
Organization
This manual is organized by the order in which sections appear in the VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager table of contents (the left frame of the Manager browser window; see Figure 1-35 in Chapter 1,
Chapter
Title
Description
Chapter 1
Explains how to log in, navigate, and use the VPN
3002 Hardware Client Manager with a browser. It
explains both HTTP and HTTPS browser
connections, and how to install the SSL certificate
for a secure (HTTPS) connection.
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Describes the main VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager configuration screen.
Explains how to configure the VPN 3002 private
and public interfaces.
Describes the system configuration screen of the
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager.
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Organization
Chapter
Title
Description
Chapter 5
Explains how to configure the VPN 3002 to
communicate with DNS servers to convert
hostnames to IP addresses.
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Explains how to configure IPSec.
Explains how to configure static routes, default
gateways, and DHCP parameters and options.
Chapter 8
Explains how to configure built-in VPN 3002
servers that provide management functions:,
HTTP and HTTPS, Telnet, SNMP, SNMP
Community Strings, SSL and SSH.
Chapter 9
Explains how to configure system events such as
alarms, traps, error conditions, network problems,
task completion, or status changes.
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Explains how to configure the system
identification, date, and time.
Explains how to configure and use PAT and
Network Extension modes.
Explains how to configure and use high-level VPN
3002 administrator activities such as who is
allowed to configure the system, what software
runs on it, rebooting and shutting down the system,
managing its configuration files, and managing
X.509 digital certificates.
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Monitoring
Explains the many status, statistics, sessions, and
event log screens that you can use to monitor the
VPN 3002.
Explains how to use the built-in menu- and
command-line-based administrative management
system via the system console or a Telnet session.
With the CLI, you can access and configure all the
same parameters as you can using the
HTML-based VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager.
configuring the system, and how to correct them.
It also describes all system and module LED
indicators.
Appendix B Copyrights, Licenses and
Notices
Provides copyright licenses and notices.
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Preface
Related Documentation
Related Documentation
Refer to the following documents for further information about Cisco VPN 3000 Series applications and
products.
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Documentation
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Getting Started manual provides information to take you from
unpacking and installing the VPN 3002, through configuring the minimal parameters to make it
operational (called Quick Configuration). This manual is online only.
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Quick Start Card summarizes the information for quick configuration.
This quick reference card is provided with the VPN 3002 and is also available online.
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Basic Information sticky label summarizes information for quick
configuration. It is provided with the VPN 3002 and you can also print it from the online version; you
can affix the label to the VPN 3002.
The HTML interface, called the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager, includes online help that you can
access by clicking the Help icon on the toolbar in the Manager window.
VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Documentation
The VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume I: Configuration explains how to start and use the
VPN Concentrator Manager. It details the Configuration screens and explains how to configure your
device beyond the minimal parameters you set during quick configuration.
The VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume II: Administration and Monitoring provides
guidelines for administering and monitoring the VPN Concentrator. It explains and defines all functions
available in the Administration and Monitoring screens of the VPN Concentrator Manager. Appendixes
to this manual provide troubleshooting guidance and explain how to access and use the alternate
command-line interface.
The VPN Concentrator Manager also includes online help that you can access by clicking the Help icon
on the toolbar in the Manager window.
VPN Client Documentation
The VPN Client User Guide explains how to install, configure, and use the VPN Client, which lets a
remote client use the IPSec tunneling protocol for secure connection to a private network through the
VPN Concentrator.
The VPN Client Administrator Guide tells how to configure a VPN 3000 Concentrator for remote user
connections using the VPN Client, how to automate remote user profiles, how to use the VPN Client
command-line interface, and how to get troubleshooting information.
Documentation on VPN Software Distribution CDs
The VPN 3000 Series Concentrator and VPN 3002 Hardware Client documentation are provided on the
VPN 3000 Concentrator software distribution CD-ROM in PDF format. The VPN Client documentation
is included on the VPN Client software distribution CD-ROM, also in PDF format. To view the latest
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Preface
Documentation conventions
versions on the Cisco web site, click the Support icon on the toolbar at the top of the VPN Concentrator
Manager, Hardware Client Manager, or Client window. To open the documentation, you need Acrobat®
Reader 3.0 or later; version 4.5 is included on the Cisco VPN 3000 Concentrator software distribution
CD-ROM and on the VPN Client software distribution CD-ROM.
Other References
Other useful references include:
•
•
Cisco Systems, Dictionary of Internetworking Terms and Acronyms. Cisco Press: 2001.
Virtual Private Networking: An Overview. Microsoft Corporation: 1999. (Available from Microsoft
website.)
•
•
www.ietf.org for Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Working Group drafts on IP Security
Protocol (IPSec).
www.whatis.com, a web reference site with definitions for computer, networking, and data
communication terms.
Documentation conventions
This document uses the following conventions:
Convention
Description
boldface font
italic font
Commands and keywords are in boldface.
Arguments for which you supply values are in italics.
screenfont
Terminal sessions and information the system displays
are in screenfont.
boldface screen
Information you must enter is in boldface screenfont.
font
^
The symbol ^ represents the key labeled Control—for
example, the key combination ^D in a screen display
means hold down the Control key while you press the D
key.
Notes use the following conventions:
Note
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in
the publication.
Cautions use the following conventions:
Caution
Means reader be careful. Cautions alert you to actions or conditions that could result in equipment
damage or loss of data.
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Preface
Obtaining Documentation
Data Formats
As you configure and manage the system, enter data in the following formats unless the instructions
indicate otherwise:
Type of Data
Format
IP Addresses
IP addresses use 4-byte dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.12.34);
as the example indicates, you can omit leading zeros in a byte position.
Subnet Masks and
Wildcard Masks
Subnet masks use 4-byte dotted decimal notation (for example,
255.255.255.0). Wildcard masks use the same notation (for example,
0.0.0.255); as the example illustrates, you can omit leading zeros in a byte
position.
MAC Addresses
Hostnames
MAC addresses use 6-byte hexadecimal notation (for example,
00.10.5A.1F.4F.07).
Hostnames use legitimate network hostname or end-system name notation (for
example, VPN01). Spaces are not allowed. A hostname must uniquely identify
a specific system on a network.
Text Strings
Filenames
Text strings use upper- and lower-case alphanumeric characters. Most text
strings are case-sensitive (for example, simon and Simon represent different
usernames). In most cases, the maximum length of text strings is 48
characters.
Filenames on the VPN 3002 follow the DOS 8.3 naming convention: a
maximum of eight characters for the name, plus a maximum of three
characters for an extension. For example, LOG00007.TXT is a legitimate
filename. The VPN 3002 always stores filenames in uppercase.
Port Numbers
Port numbers use decimal numbers from 0 to 65535. Commas and spaces are
not permitted.
Obtaining Documentation
The following sections provide sources for obtaining documentation from Cisco Systems.
World Wide Web
You can access the most current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at the following sites:
•
•
•
http://www.cisco.com
http://www-china.cisco.com
http://www-europe.cisco.com
Documentation CD-ROM
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package, which ships
with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may be more current than
printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or as an annual subscription.
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Obtaining technical assistance
Ordering documentation
Cisco documentation is available in the following ways:
•
•
•
Registered Cisco Direct Customers can order Cisco Product documentation from the Networking
Products MarketPlace:
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/order/order_root.pl
Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM through the online Subscription
Store:
http://www.cisco.com/go/subscription
Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by
calling Cisco corporate headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208 or, in North America, by
calling 800 553-NETS(6387).
Documentation feedback
If you are reading Cisco product documentation on the World Wide Web, you can submit technical
comments electronically. Click Feedback in the toolbar and select Documentation. After you complete
the form, click Submit to send it to Cisco.
To submit your comments by mail, for your convenience many documents contain a response card
behind the front cover. Otherwise, you can mail your comments to the following address:
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Document Resource Connection
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883
We appreciate your comments.
Obtaining technical assistance
Cisco provides Cisco.com as a starting point for all technical assistance. Customers and partners can
obtain documentation, troubleshooting tips, and sample configurations from online tools. For Cisco.com
registered users, additional troubleshooting tools are available from the TAC website.
Cisco.com
Cisco.com is the foundation of a suite of interactive, networked services that provides immediate, open
access to Cisco information and resources at anytime, from anywhere in the world. This highly
integrated Internet application is a powerful, easy-to-use tool for doing business with Cisco.
Cisco.com provides a broad range of features and services to help customers and partners streamline
business processes and improve productivity. Through Cisco.com, you can find information about Cisco
and our networking solutions, services, and programs. In addition, you can resolve technical issues with
online technical support, download and test software packages, and order Cisco learning materials and
merchandise. Valuable online skill assessment, training, and certification programs are also available.
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Obtaining technical assistance
Customers and partners can self-register on Cisco.com to obtain additional personalized information and
services. Registered users can order products, check on the status of an order, access technical support,
and view benefits specific to their relationships with Cisco.
To access Cisco.com, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com
Technical Assistance Center
The Cisco TAC website is available to all customers who need technical assistance with a Cisco product
or technology that is under warranty or covered by a maintenance contract.
Contacting TAC by using the Cisco TAC website
If you have a priority level 3 (P3) or priority level 4 (P4) problem, contact TAC by going to the TAC
website:
http://www.cisco.com/tac
P3 and P4 level problems are defined as follows:
•
P3—Your network performance is degraded. Network functionality is noticeably impaired, but most
business operations continue.
•
P4—You need information or assistance on Cisco product capabilities, product installation, or basic
product configuration.
In each of the above cases, use the Cisco TAC website to quickly find answers to your questions.
To register for Cisco.com, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/register/
If you cannot resolve your technical issue by using the TAC online resources, Cisco.com registered users
can open a case online by using the TAC Case Open tool at the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/tac/caseopen
Contacting TAC by telephone
If you have a priority level 1(P1) or priority level 2 (P2) problem, contact TAC by telephone and
immediately open a case. To obtain a directory of toll-free numbers for your country, go to the following
website:
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml
P1 and P2 level problems are defined as follows:
•
P1—Your production network is down, causing a critical impact to business operations if service is
not restored quickly. No workaround is available.
•
P2—Your production network is severely degraded, affecting significant aspects of your business
operations. No workaround is available.
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C H A P T E R
1
Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager is an HTML-based interface that lets you configure,
administer, monitor, and manage the VPN 3002 with a standard web browser. To use it, you connect to
the VPN 3002, using a PC and browser on the same private network with the VPN 3002.
The Manager uses the standard web client / server protocol, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), which
is a cleartext protocol. However, you can also use the Manager in a secure, encrypted HTTP connection
over SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol, known as HTTPS.
•
•
To use HTTP over SSL (HTTPS) with the Manager:
–
–
The first time, connect to the Manager using HTTP, and
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Browser Requirements
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager requires either Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 or
higher, or Netscape Navigator version 4.5–4.7. For best results, we recommend Internet Explorer.
Whatever browser and version you use, install the latest patches and service packs for it.
Note
You cannot use the Live Event Log feature with Netscape Navigator version 4.0
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Connecting to the VPN 3002 Using HTTP
JavaScript and Cookies
Be sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled in the browser. Refer to the documentation for your browser
for instructions.
Navigation Toolbar
Do not use the browser navigation toolbar buttons Back, Forward, or Refresh/Reload with the VPN 3002
Hardware Client Manager unless instructed to do so. To protect access security, clicking Refresh/Reload
automatically logs out the Manager session. Clicking Back or Forward might display stale Manager
screens with incorrect data or settings.
We recommend that you hide the browser navigation toolbar to prevent mistakes while using the
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager.
Recommended PC Monitor/Display Settings
For optimal use, we recommend setting your monitor or display:
•
•
Desktop area = 1024 x 768 pixels or greater. Minimum = 800 x 600 pixels.
Color palette = 256 colors or higher.
Connecting to the VPN 3002 Using HTTP
When your system administration tasks and network permit a cleartext connection between the VPN
3002 and your browser, you can use the standard HTTP protocol to connect to the system.
Even if you plan to use HTTPS, you use HTTP at first to install an SSL certificate in your browser.
1. Bring up the browser.
2. In the browser Address or Location field, you can just enter the VPN 3002 private interface IP
address; for example, 10.10.147.2. The browser automatically assumes and supplies an http://
prefix.
The browser displays the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager login screen.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-1 VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Login Screen
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
The Manager provides the option of using HTTP over SSL with the browser. SSL creates a secure
session between your browser (VPN 3002 hardware client) and the VPN Concentrator (server). This
protocol is known as HTTPS, and uses the https://prefix to connect to the server. The browser first
authenticates the server, then encrypts all data passed during the session.
HTTPS is often confused with a similar protocol, S-HTTP (Secure HTTP), which encrypts only HTTP
application-level data. SSL encrypts all data between client and server at the IP socket level, and is thus
more secure.
SSL uses digital certificates for authentication. The VPN 3002 creates a self-signed SSL server
certificate when it boots, and this certificate must be installed in the browser. Once the certificate is
installed, you can connect using HTTPS. You need to install the certificate from a given VPN 3002 only
once.
Managing the VPN 3002 is the same with or without SSL. Manager screens might take slightly longer
to load with SSL because of encryption/decryption processing. When connected via SSL, the browser
shows a locked-padlock icon on its status bar. Both Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator
support SSL.
For HTTPS to work on the public interface, you must enable HTTPS on the VPN 3002 through the
command-line interface or from an HTTP session on the private interface first.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Follow these steps to install and use the SSL certificate for the first time. We provide separate
instructions for Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator when they diverge.
Step 1
Step 2
Connect to the VPN 3002 using HTTP as above.
On the login screen, click the Install SSL Certificate link.
The Manager displays the Install SSL Certificate screen and automatically begins to download and
install its SSL certificate in your browser.
Figure 1-2 Install SSL Certificate Screen
The installation sequence now differs depending on the browser. Continue below for Internet Explorer,
Installing the SSL certificate with Internet Explorer
This section describes SSL certificate installation using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0. (With Internet
Explorer 4.0, some dialog boxes are different but the process is similar.)
You need to install the SSL certificate from a given VPN 3002 only once. If you do reinstall it, the
browser repeats all these steps each time.
A few seconds after the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager SSL screen appears, Internet Explorer
displays a File Download dialog box that identifies the certificate filename and source, and asks whether
to Open or Save the certificate. To immediately install the certificate in the browser, select Open. If you
Save the file, the browser prompts for a location; you must then double-click the file to install it.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-3 Internet Explorer File Dow nload Dialog Box
3. Click the Open this file from its current location radio button, then click OK.
The browser displays the Certificate dialog box with information about the certificate. You must now
install the certificate.
Figure 1-4 Internet Explorer Certificate Dialog Box
4. Click Install Certificate.
The browser starts a wizard to install the certificate. The certificate store is where such certificates are
stored in Internet Explorer.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-5 Internet Explorer Certificate Manager Im port Wizard Dialog Box
5. Click Next to continue.
The wizard opens the next dialog box asking you to select a certificate store.
Figure 1-6 Internet Explorer Certificate Manager Im port Wizard Dialog Box
6. Let the wizard Automatically select the certificate store, and click Next.
The wizard opens a dialog box to complete the installation.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-7 Internet Explorer Certificate Manager Im port Wizard Dialog Box
7. Click Finish.
The wizard opens the Root Certificate Store dialog box asking you to confirm the installation.
Figure 1-8 Internet Explorer Root Certificate Store Dialog Box
8. To install the certificate, click Yes. This dialog box closes, and a final wizard confirmation dialog
box opens.
Figure 1-9 Internet Explorer Certificate Manager Im port Wizard Final Dialog Box
9. Click OK to close this dialog box, and click OK on the Certificate dialog box (Figure 1-4) to close
it.
You can now connect to the VPN 3002 using HTTP over SSL (HTTPS).
certificate, click here to connect to the VPN 3002 Hardware Client using SSL.
Depending on how your browser is configured, you might see a Security Alert dialog box.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-10 Internet Explorer Security Alert Dialog Box
11. Click OK.
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client displays the HTTPS version of the Manager login screen.
Figure 1-11 VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Login Screen Using HTTPS (Internet Explorer)
The browser maintains the HTTPS state until you close it or access an unsecured site; in the latter case
you might see a Security Alert screen.
Viewing Certificates with Internet Explorer
There are (at least) two ways to examine certificates stored in Internet Explorer.
First, note the padlock icon on the browser status bar in Figure 1-11. If you double-click the icon, the
browser opens a Certificate Properties screen showing details of the specific certificate in use.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-12 Internet Explorer 4.0 Certificate Properties Screen
Click any of the Field items to see Details. Click Close when finished.
Second, you can view all the certificates that are stored in Internet Explorer 4.0. Click the browser View
menu and select Internet Options. Click the Content tab, then click Authorities in the Certificates
section.
In Internet Explorer 5.0, click the browser Tools menu and select Internet Options. Click the Content
tab, then click Certificates in the Certificates section. On the Certificate Manager, click the Trusted
Root Certification Authorities tab.
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client SSL certificate name is its Ethernet 1 (private) IP address.
Figure 1-13 Internet Explorer 4.0 Certificate Authorities List
Select a certificate, then click View Certificate. The browser displays the Certificate Properties screen,
Installing the SSL Certificate with Netscape
This section describes SSL certificate installation using Netscape Navigator / Communicator 4.5.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Reinstallation
You need to install the SSL certificate from a given VPN 3002 only once. If you try to reinstall it,
Step 7 in this section.
Figure 1-14 Netscape Reinstallation Note
First-time Installation
describe first-time certificate installation.
A few seconds after the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager SSL screen appears, Netscape displays a
New Certificate Authority screen.
Figure 1-15 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 1
1. Click Next> to proceed.
Netscape displays the next New Certificate Authority screen, which further explains the process.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-16 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 2
2. Click Next> to proceed.
Netscape displays the next New Certificate Authority screen, which lets you examine details of the VPN
3002 Hardware Client SSL certificate.
Figure 1-17 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 3
3. Click Next> to proceed.
Netscape displays the next New Certificate Authority screen, with choices for using the certificate. No
choices are checked by default.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-18 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 4
4. You must check at least the first box, Accept this Certificate Authority for Certifying network
sites. Click Next> to proceed.
Netscape displays the next New Certificate Authority screen, which lets you choose to have the browser
warn you about sending data to the VPN 3002.
Figure 1-19 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 5
5. Checking the box is optional. Doing so means that you get a warning whenever you apply settings
on a Manager screen, so it is probably less intrusive to manage the VPN 3002 without those
warnings. Click Next> to proceed.
Netscape displays the final New Certificate Authority screen, which asks you to name the certificate.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-20 Netscape New Certificate Authority Screen 6
6. In the Nickname field, enter a descriptive name for this certificate. “Nickname” is something of a
misnomer. We suggest you use a clearly descriptive name such as Cisco VPN 3002 10.10.147.2.
below.
Click Finish.
You can now connect to the VPN 3002 using HTTP over SSL (HTTPS).
certificate, click here to connect to the VPN 3002 Hardware Client using SSL.
Depending on how your browser is configured, you might see a Security Information Alert dialog box.
Figure 1-21 Netscape Security Inform ation Alert Dialog Box
8. Click Continue.
The VPN 3002 displays the HTTPS version of the Manager login screen.
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-22 VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Login Screen Using HTTPS (Netscape)
The browser maintains the HTTPS state until you close it or access an unsecured site; in the latter case,
you might see a Security Information Alert dialog box.
Viewing Certificates with Netscape
There are (at least) two ways to examine certificates stored in Netscape Navigator / Communicator 4.5.
Netscape opens a Security Info window. (You can also open this window by clicking Security on the
Navigator Toolbar at the top of the Netscape window.)
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Installing the SSL Certificate in Your Browser
Figure 1-23 Netscape Security Info Window
Click View Certificate to see details of the specific certificate in use.
Figure 1-24 Netscape View Certificate Screen
Click OK when finished.
Second, you can view all the certificates that are stored in Netscape. On the Security Info window, select
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Connecting to the VPN 3002 Using HTTPS
Figure 1-25 Netscape Certificates Signers List
Select a certificate, then click Edit, Verify, or Delete. Click OK when finished.
Connecting to the VPN 3002 Using HTTPS
When you have installed the SSL certificate in the browser, you can connect directly using HTTPS.
Step 1
Step 2
Bring up the browser.
In the browser Address or Location field, enter https:// plus the VPN 3002 private interface IP address;
for example, https://10.10.147.2.
The browser displays the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager HTTPS login screen.
A locked-padlock icon on the browser status bar indicates an HTTPS session. Also, this login screen
does not include the Install SSL Certificate link.
Configuring HTTP, HTTPS, and SSL Parameters
HTTP, HTTPS, and SSL are enabled by default on the VPN 3002, and they are configured with
recommended parameters that should suit most administration tasks and security requirements.
To configure HTTP and HTTPS parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols |
HTTP/HTTPS screen.
To configure SSL parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL screen.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging into the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Figure 1-26 VPN Hardware Client Manager HTTPS Login Screen
Logging into the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging into the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager is the same for both types of connections,
cleartext HTTP or secure HTTPS.
Entries are case-sensitive. With Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can select the Tab key to move from
field to field; other browsers might work differently. If you make a mistake, click the Clear button and
start over.
The following entries are the factory-supplied default entries. If you have changed them, use your
entries.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Click in the Login field and type admin. (Do not press Enter.)
Click in the Password field and type admin. (The field shows *****.)
Click the Login button.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging into the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Figure 1-27 Manager Main Welcom e Screen
From here you can navigate the Manager using either the table of contents in the left frame, or the
Manager toolbar in the top frame.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication
Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication
Interactive hardware client and individual user authentication provide security by requiring manual
entry of usernames and passwords prior to connection. You configure these features on the VPN
Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects, and the VPN Concentrator pushes the policies you set
to the VPN 3002. You can use interactive hardware client authentication and individual user
authentication in combination or separately.
For complete configuration information refer to the section on the Hardware Client tab in the User
Management chapter of the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume 1: Configuration.
Interactive Hardware Client Authentication
When you enable interactive hardware client authentication, the VPN 3002 does not use a saved
username and password. Instead, to connect you must manually enter a valid username and password for
the VPN 3002 when prompted. When the VPN 3002 initiates the tunnel, it sends the username and
password to the VPN Concentrator to which it connects. The VPN Concentrator facilitates
authentication, on either the internal or an external server. If the username and password are valid, the
tunnel is established.
Individual User Authentication
Individual user authentication protects the central site from access by unauthorized persons on the same
LAN as the VPN 3002.
When you enable individual user authentication, each user that connects through a VPN 3002 must open
a web browser and manually enter a valid username and password to access the network behind the VPN
Concentrator, even though the tunnel already exists.
•
If you direct the browser to a site on the remote network behind the VPN Concentrator, the VPN
3002 directs the browser to the proper pages for login. When you successfully log in, the browser
displays the page you originally entered.
•
You can also log in by directing the browser to the private interface of the VPN 3002 html
interface.You do this by entering the IP address of the private interface in the browser Location or
Address field. The browser displays the login screen for the VPN 3002. Click the Connect/ Login
Status button to authenticate.
Note
You cannot use the command-line interface to login if user authentication is enabled. You must use
a browser.
LoggingInWith Interactive Hardware ClientandIndividualUser
Authentication
You access the interactive hardware client authentication and individual user authentication login
screens from the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager login screen. The sequence in the login example
that follows assumes that both interactive hardware client authentication and individual user
authentication are required for this VPN 3002 to connect.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging In With Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication
Figure 1-28 VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Login Screen
Step 1
Click the Connection Login Status button.
The Connection/Login Status screen displays
Figure 1-29 Connection Login Status Screen
.
Step 1
Click the Connect Now button.
The VPN 3002 Interactive Authentication screen displays.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging In With Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication
Figure 1-30 VPN 3002 Interactive Authentication Screen
Step 1
Step 2
Enter the username and password for the VPN 3002.
Click Connect.
If you have entered the valid username and password, the Connect Login Status screen displays the
message that the VPN 3002 is connected. Next you authenticate the user.
Figure 1-31 Connection Login Status Screen
Step 1
To authenticate an individual user, click Log In Now.
The Individual User Authentication screen displays.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Logging In With Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication
Figure 1-32 Individual User Authentication Screen
Step 1
Step 2
Enter the username and password for this VPN 3002 user.
Click Login. If the username and password you entered are valid, the Connection/Login Status window
displays information about the connection.
Figure 1-33 Connection/ Login Status Screen
The user behind the VPN 3002 is connected to the VPN Concentrator at the central site.
Click Go back to the VPN 3002 administrative login page to return to the VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager login screen and access other features and functions of the VPN 3002.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Understanding the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window
Understanding the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager window on your browser consists of three frames—top, left,
and main—and it provides helpful messages and tips as you move the mouse pointer over window items.
The title bar and status bar also provide useful information
Figure 1-34 VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Understanding the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window
Title bar
The title bar at the top of the browser window includes the VPN 3002
device name or IP address in brackets, for example, [10.10.4.6].
Status bar
The status bar at the bottom of the browser window displays Manager
activity and explanatory messages for some items.
Mouse pointer and tips
As you move the mouse pointer over an active area, the pointer
changes shape and icons change color. A description also appears in
the status bar area. If you momentarily rest the pointer on an icon, a
descriptive tip appears for that icon.
Top frame
(Manager toolbar)
The Manager toolbar in the top frame provides quick access to
Manager features. These include the following icons:
Click the Main tab to go to the main Manager screen, and to close all
subordinate sections and titles in the left frame.
Click the Help tab to open context-sensitive online help. Help opens
in a separate browser window that yo can move or resize as you want.
Close the help window when you are finished.
Click the Support tab to open a Manager screen with links to Cisco
support and documentation resources.
Click the Logout tab to log out of the Manager and return to the login
screen.
Logged in: [username]
The administrator username you used to log in to this Manager session.
Click the Configuration tab to go to the main Configuration screen, to
open the first level of subordinate Configuration pages in the left
frame if they are not already open, and to close any open
Administration or Monitoring pages in the left frame.
Click the Administration tab to go to the main Administration screen,
to open the first level of subordinate Administration pages in the left
frame if they are not already open, and to close any open
Configuration or Monitoring pages in the left frame.
Click the Monitoring tab to go to the main Monitoring screen, to open
the first level of subordinate Monitoring pages in the left frame if they
are not already open, and to close any open Configuration or
Administration pages in the left frame.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Understanding the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window
Save
Click the Save icon to save the active configuration and make it the
boot configuration. In this state, the reminder indicates that the active
configuration is the same as the boot configuration, but you can save
it anyway. When you change the configuration, the reminder changes
to Save Needed.
Save Needed
This reminder indicates that yo have changed the active configuration.
Click the Save Needed icon to save the active configuration and make
it the boot configuration. As you make configuration entries, they take
effect immediately and are included in the active, or running,
configuration. However, if you reboot the VPN 3002 without saving
the active configuration, and configuration changes are lost. Clicking
on this reminder saves the active configuration as the boot
configuration and restores the Save reminder.
Refresh
Click the Refresh icon to refresh (update) the screen contents on
screens where it appears (mostly in the Monitoring section). The date
and time above this reminder indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Reset
Click the Reset icon to reset, or start anew, the screen contents on
screens where it appears (mostly in the Monitoring section).
Restore
Click the Restore icon to restore the screen contents to their status
prior to when you last clicked on the Reset icon.
Click the Cisco Systems logo to open a browser and go to the
Cisco.com web site, www.cisco.com
Left frame
(Table of Contents)
On Manager screens, the left frame provides a table of contents. The
table of contents uses the familiar Windows Explorer metaphor of
collapsed and expanded entries.
Main section titles
(Configuration,
Administration,
Monitoring
Click on a title to open subordinate sections and titles, and to go to that
Manager screen in the main frame.
Closed or collapsed
Click the closed/collapsed icon to open subordinate sections and titles.
Clicking on this icon does not change the screen in the main frame.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Understanding the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Window
Open or expanded
Click the open/expanded icon to close subordinate sections and titles.
Clicking on this icon does not change the screen in the main frame.
Main frame
(Manager screen)
The main frame displays the current VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager screen.
Many screens include a bullet list of links and descriptions of
subordinate sections and titles. you can click a link to go to that
Manager screen, and open subordinate sections and titles in the table
of contents.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Organization of the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Organization of the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager consists of three major sections and many subsections:
•
Configuration: setting all the parameters for the VPN 3002 that govern its use and functionality as
a VPN device:
–
Quick Configuration: supplying the minimal parameters needed to make the VPN 3002
operational.
–
–
Interfaces: Ethernet parameters.
System: parameters for system-wide functions such as server access, IPSec tunneling protocol,
built-in management servers, event handling, and system identification.
–
Policy Management: enabling PAT (Port Address Translation).
•
•
Administration: managing higher level functions that keep the VPN3002 operational and secure,
such as who is allowed to configure the system, what software runs on it, and managing its
configuration files and digital certificates.
Monitoring: viewing routing tables, event logs, system LEDs and status, and data on user sessions.
This manual covers all these topics. For Quick Configuration, refer to the VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Getting Started guide.
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Chapter 1 Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Navigating the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Navigating the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
Your primary tool for navigating the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager is the table of contents in the
multiple columns, but the actual frame is a single column. Use the scroll controls to move up and down
the frame.)
Figure 1-35 Manager Table of Contents
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C H A P T E R
2
Configuration
Configuring the VPN 3002 means setting all the parameters that govern its use and functionality as a
VPN device.
Cisco supplies default parameters that cover typical installations and uses; after you supply minimal
parameters in Quick Configuration, the system is operational. But to tailor the system to your needs, and
to provide an appropriate level of system security, you can configure the system in detail.
Configuration
This section of the Manager lets you configure all VPN 3002 features and functions.
•
Quick Configuration: the minimal parameters needed to make the VPN 3002 operational. For more
information, use online Help, or see the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Getting Started manual,
available only online.
•
•
Interfaces: parameters specific to the private and public interfaces.
System: parameters for system-wide functions: server access, IPSec, IP routing, built-in
management servers, system events, and system identification.
•
Policy Management: enabling or disabling Protocol Address Translation (PAT).
Figure 2-1 Configuration Screen
See the appropriate chapter in this manual for each section of the Manager. Online help is available for
all sections.
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Chapter 2 Configuration
Configuration
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C H A P T E R
3
Interfaces
This section of the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager applies functions that are interface-specific,
rather than system-wide.
You configure two network interfaces for the VPN 3002 to operate as a VPN device: the private interface
and the public interface. If you used Quick Configuration as described in the VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Getting Started manual, the system supplied many default parameters for the interfaces. Here you can
configure them explicitly.
The VPN 3002 includes some IP routing functions: static routes, DHCP, and PPPoE. You configure static
routes, the default gateway, and DHCP in the IP Routing section; see the Configuration | System | IP
Routing screens. PPPoE requires no further configuration than supplying a username and password in
the Public Interface parameter.
Configuration | Interfaces
This section lets you configure the private and public interfaces.
•
•
Private is the interface to your private network (internal LAN).
Public is the interface to the public network.
Configuring an Ethernet interface includes supplying an IP address and subnet mask, and setting speed
and transmission mode.
Note
Interface settings take effect as soon as you apply them. If the system is in active use, changes might
affect tunnel traffic.
The table on the Configuration | Interfaces screen shows all installed interfaces and their status.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces
Figure 3-1 VPN 3002 Configuration | Interfaces Screen
To configure a module, either click the appropriate link in the status table; or use the mouse pointer to
select the module on the back-panel image, and click anywhere in the highlighted area.
Interface
The VPN 3002 interface installed in the system. To configure an interface, click the appropriate link.
Ethernet 1 (Private), Ethernet 2 (Public)
To configure Ethernet interface parameters, click the appropriate highlighted link in the table or click in
a highlighted module on the back-panel image. See Configuration | Interfaces | Private/Public.
DNS Server(s)
To configure DNS Server(s), click the highlighted link in the table. See Configuration | System |
Servers | DNS.
DNS Domain Name
To configure DNS Server(s), click the highlighted link in the table. See Configuration | System |
Servers | DNS.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces
Status
The operational status of this interface:
•
•
•
•
UP (green) = Configured, enabled, and operational; ready to pass data traffic.
DOWN (red) Configured but disabled or disconnected.
Testing = In test mode; no regular data traffic can pass.
Dormant (red) = Configured and enabled but waiting for an external action, such as an incoming
connection.
•
•
•
•
•
Not Present (red) = Missing hardware components.
Lower Layer Down (red) = Not operational because a lower-layer interface is down.
Unknown (red) = Not configured or not able to determine status.
Not Configured = Present but not configured.
Waiting for DHCP/PPPoE = Waiting for DHCP or PPPoE to assign an IP address.
IP Address
The IP address configured on this interface.
The subnet mask configured on this interface.
Subnet Mask
MAC Address
This is the unique hardware MAC (Media Access Control) address for this interface, displayed in 6-byte
hexadecimal notation. You cannot change this address.
Default Gateway
The IP routing subsystem routes data packets first using static routes, then the default gateway. If you
do not specify a default gateway, the system drops packets it cannot otherwise route.
To configure a default gateway, click the appropriate highlighted link in the table or click in a
highlighted module on the back-panel image. See Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default
Gateways.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces | Private
Configuration | Interfaces | Private
This screen lets you configure parameters for the private interface. It displays the current parameters, if
any.
Figure 3-2 Configuration | Interfaces | Private Screen
Caution
If you modify any parameters of the private interface that you are currently using to connect to the
VPN 3002, you will break the connection, and you will have to restart the Manager from the login
screen.
Disabled
To make the interface offline, click Disabled. This state lets you retain or change its configuration
parameters.
If the interface is configured but disabled (offline), the appropriate Ethernet Link Status LED blinks
green on the VPN 3002 front panel.
Static IP Addressing
To change the IP address of the private interface, click Static IP Addressing.
IP Address
Enter the IP address for this interface, using dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.12.34). Note
that 0.0.0.0 is not allowed. Be sure no other device is using this address on the network.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces | Private
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask for this interface, using dotted decimal notation (for example 255.255.255.0). The
Manager automatically supplies a standard subnet mask appropriate for the IP address you just entered.
For example, the IP address 192.168.12.34 is a Class C address, and the standard subnet mask is
255.255.255.0. You can accept this entry or change it. Note that 0.0.0.0 is not allowed.
MAC Address
Speed
This is the unique hardware MAC (Media Access Control) address for this interface, displayed in 6-byte
hexadecimal notation. You cannot change this address.
click the drop-down menu button and select the interface speed:
•
•
•
10 Mbps = Fix the speed at 10 megabits per second (10Base-T networks).
100 Mbps = Fix the speed at 100 megabits per second (100Base-T networks).
10/100 auto = Let the VPN 3002 automatically detect and set the appropriate speed, either 10 or 100
Mbps (default). Be sure that the port on the active network device (hub, switch, router, etc.) to which
you connect this interface is also set to automatically negotiate the speed. Otherwise, select the
appropriate fixed speed.
Duplex
click the drop-down menu button and select the interface transmission mode:
•
Auto = Let the VPN 3002 automatically detect and set the appropriate transmission mode, either
full or half duplex (default). Be sure that the port on the active network device (hub, switch, router,
etc.) to which you connect this interface is also set to automatically negotiate the transmission mode.
Otherwise, select the appropriate fixed mode.
•
•
Full-Duplex = Fix the transmission mode as full duplex: transmits and receives at the same time.
Half-Duplex = Fix the transmission mode as half duplex: transmits or receives, but not at the same
time.
Apply/Cancel
To apply your settings to the system and include them in the active configuration, click Apply. The
Manager returns to the Configuration | Interfaces screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | Interfaces screen.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces | Public
Configuration | Interfaces | Public
This screen lets you select a connection method—DHCP, PPPoE, or static IP addressing—for the public
interface. It also allows you to disable the public interface.
Figure 3-3 Configuration | Interfaces | Public Screen
Disabled
To make the interface offline, click Disabled. This state lets you retain or change its configuration
parameters.
DHCP Client
click this radio button if you want to obtain the IP address and subnet mask for this interface via DHCP.
If you click this button, you do not make entries in the IP address and subnet mask parameters that
follow.
PPPoE Client
click this radio button if you want to connect using PPPoE. If you select PPPoE, you do not make entries
in the static IP addressing parameters that follow.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces | Public
PPPoE User Name
PPPoE Password
If you have selected PPPoE, enter a valid PPPoE username.
If you have selected PPPoE, enter the PPPoE password for the username you entered above.
Verify PPPoE Password
If you have selected PPPoE, enter the PPPoE password again to verify it.
Static IP Addressing
click this radio button if you want to use a static IP address.
IP Address
If you are using static IP addressing, enter the IP address for this interface, using dotted decimal notation
(for example, 192.168.12.34). Note that 0.0.0.0 is not allowed. Be sure no other device is using this
address on the network.
Subnet Mask
If you are using static IP addressing, enter the subnet mask for this interface, using dotted decimal
notation (for example, 255.255.255.0). The Manager automatically supplies a standard subnet mask
appropriate for the IP address you just entered. For example, the IP address 192.168.12.34 is a Class C
address, and the standard subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. You can accept this entry or change it. Note that
0.0.0.0 is not allowed.
MAC Address
Speed
This is the unique hardware MAC (Media Access Control) address for this interface, displayed in 6-byte
hexadecimal notation. You cannot change this address.
If you are using static IP addressing, click the drop-down menu button and select the interface speed:
•
•
•
10 Mbps = Fix the speed at 10 megabits per second (10Base-T networks).
100 Mbps = Fix the speed at 100 megabits per second (100Base-T networks).
10/100 auto = Let the VPN 3002 automatically detect and set the appropriate speed, either 10 or 100
Mbps (default). Be sure that the port on the active network device (hub, switch, router, etc.) to which
you connect this interface is also set to automatically negotiate the speed. Otherwise, select the
appropriate fixed speed.
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Chapter 3 Interfaces
Configuration | Interfaces | Public
Duplex
If you are using static IP addressing, click the drop-down menu button and select the interface
transmission mode:
•
Auto = Let the VPN 3002 automatically detect and set the appropriate transmission mode, either
full or half duplex (default). Be sure that the port on the active network device (hub, switch, router,
etc.) to which you connect this interface is also set to automatically negotiate the transmission mode.
Otherwise, select the appropriate fixed mode.
•
•
Full-Duplex = Fix the transmission mode as full duplex: transmits and receives at the same time.
Half-Duplex = Fix the transmission mode as half duplex: transmits or receives, but not at the same
time.
Apply / Cancel
To apply your settings to this interface and include your settings in the active configuration, click Apply.
The Manager returns to the Configuration | Interfaces screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | Interfaces screen.
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C H A P T E R
4
System Configuration
System configuration means configuring parameters for system-wide functions in the VPN 3002.
Configuration | System
This section of the Manager lets you configure parameters for:
•
•
•
•
Servers: identifying servers for DNS information for the VPN 3002.
Tunneling Protocols: configuring IPSec connections.
IP Routing: configuring static routes, default gateways, and DHCP.
Management Protocols: configuring and enabling built-in servers for HTTP/HTTPS, Telnet,
SNMP, SSL, SSH, and XML.
•
•
Events: handling system events via logs, SNMP traps, and syslog.
General: identifying the system and setting the time and date.
See the appropriate chapter in this manual or the online help for each section.
Figure 4-1 Configuration | System screen
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Chapter 4 System Configuration
Configuration | System
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C H A P T E R
5
Servers
Configuring servers means identifying DNS servers to the VPN 3002 so it can communicate with them
correctly. DNS servers convert hostnames to IP addresses. The VPN 3002 functions as a client of these
servers.
Configuration | System | Servers
This section of the Manager lets you configure the VPN 3002 to communicate with DNS servers.
Figure 5-1 Configuration | System | Servers Screen
Configuration | System | Servers | DNS
This screen lets you configure the Domain Name System (DNS) servers for the VPN 3002. DNS servers
convert domain names to IP addresses. Configuring DNS servers here lets you enter hostnames (for
example, mail01) rather than IP addresses as you configure and manage the VPN 3002.
You can configure up to three DNS servers that the system queries in order.
Note
DNS information that you add here is for the VPN 3002 only. PCs located behind the VPN 3002 on
the private network get DNS information that is configured on the central-site VPN Concentrator in
the Group settings for the VPN 3002.
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Chapter 5 Servers
Configuration | System | Servers | DNS
Figure 5-2 Configuration | System | Servers | DNS Screen
Enabled
Domain
To use DNS functions, check Enabled (the default). To disable DNS, clear the box.
Enter the name of the registered domain of the ISP for the VPN 3002; for example, yourisp.com.
Maximum 48 characters. This entry is sometimes called the domain name suffix or sub-domain. The
DNS system within the VPN 3002 automatically appends this domain name to hostnames before sending
them to a DNS server for resolution.
Primary DNS Server
Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server, using dotted decimal notation; for example,
192.168.12.34. Be sure this entry is correct to avoid DNS resolution delays.
Secondary DNS Server
Enter the IP address of the secondary (first backup) DNS server, using dotted decimal notation. If the
primary DNS server does not respond to a query within the Timeout Period specified below, the system
queries this server.
Tertiary DNS Server
Enter the IP address of the tertiary (second backup) DNS server, using dotted decimal notation. If the
secondary DNS server does not respond to a query within the Timeout Period specified below, the system
queries this server.
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Configuration | System | Servers | DNS
Timeout Period
Enter the initial time in seconds to wait for a response to a DNS query before sending the query to the
next server. Minimum is 1, default is 2, maximum is 30 seconds. This time doubles with each retry cycle
through the list of servers.
Timeout Retries
Enter the number of times to retry sending a DNS query to the configured servers, in order. In other
words, this is the number of times to cycle through the list of servers before returning an error. Minimum
is 0, default is 2, maximum is 10 retries.
Apply / Cancel
To apply your settings for DNS servers and include the settings in the active configuration, click Apply.
The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Servers screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Servers
screen.
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Configuration | System | Servers | DNS
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C H A P T E R
6
Tunneling
Tunneling is the heart of virtual private networking. Tunnels make it possible to use a public TCP/IP
network, such as the Internet, to create secure connections between remote users and a private corporate
network.
The secure connection is called a tunnel, and the VPN 3002 uses the IPSec tunneling protocol to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Negotiate tunnel parameters.
Establish tunnels.
Authenticate users and data.
Manage security keys.
Encrypt and decrypt data.
Manage data transfer across the tunnel.
Manage data transfer inbound and outbound as a tunnel endpoint.
The VPN 3002 functions as a bidirectional tunnel endpoint:
•
It can receive plain packets from the private network, encapsulate them, create a tunnel, and send
them to the other end of the tunnel where they are unencapsulated and sent to their final destination
•
It can receive encapsulated packets from the public network, unencapsulate them, and send them to
their final destination on the private network.
This section explains how to configure the IPSec tunneling protocol.
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Chapter 6 Tunneling
Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols
Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols
This section lets you configure the IPSec tunneling protocol.
Click IPSec on the Tunneling Protocols screen.
Figure 6-1 Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols Screen
Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
The VPN 3002 complies with the IPSec protocol and is specifically designed to work with the VPN
Concentrator. IPSec provides the most complete architecture for VPN tunnels, and it is perceived as the
most secure protocol.
In IPSec terminology, a “peer” is a remote-access client or another secure gateway. During tunnel
establishment under IPSec, the two peers negotiate Security Associations (SAs) that govern
authentication, encryption, encapsulation, key management, etc. These negotiations involve two phases:
the first phase establishes the tunnel (the IKE SA); the second phase governs traffic within the tunnel
(the IPSec SA).
The VPN 3002 initiates all tunnels with the VPN Concentrator; the VPN Concentrator functions only as
responder. The VPN 3002 as initiator proposes SAs; the responder accepts, rejects, or makes
counter-proposals—all in accordance with configured SA parameters. To establish a connection, both
entities must agree on the SAs.
The Cisco VPN 3002 supports these IPSec attributes, but they are configurable on the central-site VPN
Concentrator, not on the VPN 3002:
•
Main mode for negotiating phase one of establishing ISAKMP Secure Associations (SAs)
(automatic if you are using certificates)
•
•
Aggressive mode for negotiating phase one of establishing ISAKMP SAs
Authentication Algorithms:
–
–
ESP-MD5-HMAC-128
ESP-SHA1-HMAC-160
•
Authentication Modes:
–
–
Preshared Keys
X.509 Digital Certificates
•
•
Diffie-Hellman Groups 1 and 2
Encryption Algorithms:
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Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
–
–
DES-56
3DES-168
•
•
•
Extended Authentication (XAuth)
Mode Configuration (also known as ISAKMP Configuration Method)
Tunnel Encapsulation Mode
Figure 6-2 Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec Screen
Remote Server
Enter the IP address or hostname of the remote server. This is the IP address or hostname of the public
interface on the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects. Use dotted decimal notation; for
example, 192.168.34.56. To enter a hostname, a DNS server must be configured.
Backup Servers
To configure IPSec backup servers on the VPN 3002, enter up to 10 backup servers, using either IP
address or hostname. Enter each backup server on a separate line. To enter a hostname, a DNS server
must be configured. Further, if you use hostnames and the DNS server is unavailable, significant delays
can occur.
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Chapter 6 Tunneling
Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
Note
If you are using hostnames, it is wise to have backup DNS and WINS servers on a separate network
from that of the primary DNS and WINS servers. Otherwise, if clients behind the VPN 3002 obtain
DNS and WINS information from the VPN 3002 through DHCP, and the connection to the primary
server is lost, and the backup servers have different DNS and WINS information, clients cannot be
updated until the DHCP lease expires.
About Backup Servers
IPSec backup servers let a VPN 3002 connect to the central site when its primary central-site VPN
Concentrator is unavailable. You configure backup servers for a VPN 3002 either on the VPN 3002, or
on a group basis at the central-site VPN Concentrator. If you configure backup servers on the primary
central-site VPN Concentrator, that VPN Concentrator pushes the backup server policy to the VPN 3002
hardware clients in the group. By default, the policy is to use the backup server list configured on the
VPN 3002. Alternatively, the VPN Concentrator can push a policy that supplies a list of backup servers
in order of priority, replacing the backup server list on the VPN 3002 if one is configured. It can also
disable the feature and clear the backup server list on the VPN 3002 if one is configured.
Figure 6-3 illustrates how the backup server feature works.
Figure 6-3 Backup Server Im plem entation
Fargo
VPN 3002
Hardware Client
1
Boston
VPN 3000
Concentrator
3
2
San Jose
VPN 3080
Concentrator
Austin
VPN 3000
Concentrator
XYZ corporation has large sites in three cities: San Jose, California; Austin, Texas; and Boston,
Massachusetts. They just opened a regional sales office in Fargo, North Dakota. To provide access to the
corporate network from Fargo, they use a VPN 3002 that connects to a VPN 3080 in San Jose (1). If the
VPN 3002 is unable to contact the corporate network, Fargo cannot place orders. The IPSec backup
server feature lets the VPN 3002 connect to one of several sites, in this case using Austin (2) and Boston
(3) as backup servers, in that order.
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Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
The VPN 3002 in Fargo first tries to reach San Jose. If the initial IKE packet for that connection (1) times
out (8 seconds), it tries to connect to Austin (2). Should this negotiation also time out, it tries to connect
to Boston (3). These attempts continue until the VPN 3002 has tried all servers on its backup server list,
to a maximum of 10.
Be aware of the following characteristics of the backup server feature:
•
If the VPN 3002 cannot connect after trying all backup servers on the list, it does not automatically
retry.
–
–
In Network Extension mode, the VPN 3002 attempts a new connection after 4 seconds.
In Client mode, the VPN 3002 attempts a new connection when the user clicks the Connect Now
button on the Monitoring | System Status screen, or when data passes from the VPN 3002 to the
VPN Concentrator.
•
•
A VPN 3002 must connect to the primary VPN Concentrator to download a backup server list
configured on the primary VPN Concentrator. If that VPN Concentrator is unavailable, and if the
VPN 3002 has a previously configured backup server list, it can connect to the servers on that list.
It can download a backup server list only from the primary VPN Concentrator. The VPN 3002
cannot download a backup server list from a backup server.
•
•
The VPN Concentrators that you configure as backup servers do not have to be aware of each other.
If you change the configuration of backup servers, or delete a backup server during an active session
between a VPN 3002 and a backup server, the session continues without adopting that change. New
settings take effect the next time the VPN 3002 connects to its primary VPN Concentrator.
You can configure the backup server feature from the primary VPN Concentrator or the VPN 3002.
•
From the VPN Concentrator configure backup servers on either of the Configuration | User
Management | Base Group or Groups | Mode Configuration screens.
•
On the VPN 3002, configure backup servers on the Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols |
IPSec screen.
The list you configure on the VPN 3002 applies only if the option, Use Client Configured List, is set in
the IPSec Backup Servers parameter. To set this option, go to the Mode Configuration tab on the
Configuration | User Management | Groups | Add/Modify screen of the primary VPN Concentrator to
which the VPN 3002 connects.
Note
The group name, username, and passwords that you configure for the VPN 3002 must be identical
for the primary VPN Concentrator and all backup servers. Also, if you require interactive hardware
client authentication and/or individual user authentication for the VPN 3002 on the primary VPN
Concentrator, be sure to configure it on backup servers as well.
IPSec over TCP
Check IPSec over TCP if you want to connect using IPSec over TCP. This feature must also be enabled
on the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects. See the explanation that follows.
IPSec over TCP Port
Enter the IPSec over TCP port number. You can enter one port. The port that you configure on the VPN
3002 must also match that configured on the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects.
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Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
About IPSec over TCP
IPSec over TCP encapsulates encrypted data traffic within TCP packets. This feature enables the VPN
3002 to operate in an environment in which standard Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP, Protocol 50)
or Internet Key Exchange (IKE, UDP 500) cannot function, or can function only with modification to
existing firewall rules. IPSec over TCP encapsulates both the IKE and IPSec protocols within a TCP
packet, and enables secure tunneling through both NAT and PAT devices and firewalls.
Note
This feature does not work with proxy-based firewalls.
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client, which supports one tunnel at a time, can connect using either standard
IPSec, IPSec over TCP, or IPSec over UDP.
To use IPSec over TCP, both the VPN 3002 and the VPN Concentrator to which it connects must be
running version 3.5 software.
Use Certificate
This parameter specifies whether to use preshared keys or a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) digital
identity certificate to authenticate the peer during Phase 1 IKE negotiations. See the discussion under
Administration | Certificate Management, which is where you install digital certificates on the VPN
3002.
Check the box to use digital certificates.
Certificate Transmission
If you configured authentication using digital certificates, choose the type of certificate transmission.
•
•
Entire certificate chain = Send the peer the identity certificate and all issuing certificates. Issuing
certificates include the root certificate and any subordinate CA certificates.
Identity certificate only = Send the peer only the identity certificate.
Group
The VPN 3002 connects to the VPN Concentrator using this Group name and password, which must be con-
figured on the central-site VPN Concentrator. Group and usernames and passwords must be identical on the
VPN 3002 and on the VPN Concentrator to which it connects.
Name
In the Group Name field, enter a unique name for the group to which this VPN 3002 belongs. This is the
group name configured on the central-site VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects.
Maximum is 32 characters, case-sensitive.
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Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
Password
In the Group Password field, enter a unique password for this group. This is the group password
configured on the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects. Minimum is 4, maximum is 32
characters, case-sensitive. The field displays only asterisks.
Verify
In the Group Verify field, re-enter the group password to verify it. The field displays only asterisks.
User
You must also enter a username and password, and they must match the username and password
configured on the central-site VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects.
Name
In the User Name field, enter a unique name for the user in this group. Maximum is 32 characters,
case-sensitive.This is the username configured on the central-site VPN Concentrator to which this
VPN 3002 connects. Maximum is 32 characters, case-sensitive.
Password
Verify
In the User Password field, enter the password for this user. This is the user password configured on the
central-site VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects. Minimum is 4, maximum is 32
characters, case-sensitive.
In the User Verify field, re-enter the user password to verify it. The field displays only asterisks.
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Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec
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C H A P T E R
7
IP Routing
The VPN 3002 includes an IP routing subsystem with static routing, default gateways, and DHCP.
To route packets, the subsystem uses static routes and the default gateway. If you do not configure the
default gateway, the subsystem drops packets that it can not otherwise route.
You configure static routes and default gateways in this section. This section also includes the
system-wide DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server parameters.
Configuration | System | IP Routing
This section of the Manager lets you configure system-wide IP routing parameters.
•
•
•
•
Static Routes: manually configured routing tables.
Default Gateways: routes for otherwise unrouted traffic.
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol global parameters.
DHCP Options: facilities that allow the VPN 3002 DHCP server to respond with configurable
parameters for specific kinds of devices such as PCs, IP telephones, print servers, etc., as well as an
IP address.
Figure 7-1 Configuration | System | IP Routing Screen
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Chapter 7 IP Routing
Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes
Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes
This section of the Manager lets you configure static routes for IP routing.
Figure 7-2 Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes Screen
Static Routes
The Static Routes list shows manual IP routes that have been configured. The format is [destination
network address/subnet mask -> outbound destination]; for example,
192.168.12.0/255.255.255.0 -> 10.10.0.2. If you have configured the default gateway, it appears first in
the list as [Default -> default router address]. If no static routes have been configured, the list shows
--Empty--.
Add / Modify / Delete
To configure and add a new static route, click Add. The Manager opens the Configuration | System | IP
Routing | Static Routes | Add screen.
To modify a configured static route, select the route from the list and click Modify. The Manager opens
the Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes | Modify screen. If you select the default gateway,
the Manager opens the Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default Gateways screen.
To delete a configured static route, select the route from the list and click Delete. There is no
confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the remaining static routes in the
list. You cannot delete the default gateways here; to do so, see the Configuration | System | IP Routing |
Default Gateways screen.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
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Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes | Add or Modify
Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes |
Add or Modify
These Manager screens let you:
•
•
Add: Configure and add a new static, or manual, route to the IP routing table.
Modify: Modify the parameters for a configured static route.
Figure 7-3 Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes | Add Screen
Network Address
Enter the destination network IP address that this static route applies to. Packets with this destination
address will be sent to the Destination below. Used dotted decimal notation; for example, 192.168.12.0.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask for the destination network IP address, using dotted decimal notation (for
example, 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask indicates which part of the IP address represents the network
and which part represents hosts. The router subsystem looks at only the network part.
The Manager automatically supplies a standard subnet mask appropriate for the IP address you just
entered. For example, the IP address 192.168.12.0 is a Class C address, and the standard subnet mask is
255.255.255.0. You can accept this entry or change it. Note that 0.0.0.0 is not allowed here, since that
would resolve to the equivalent of a default gateway.
Metric
Enter the metric, or cost, for this route. Use a number from 1 to 16, where 1 is the lowest cost. The
routing subsystem always tries to use the least costly route. For example, if a route uses a low-speed line,
you might assign a high metric so the system will use it only if all high-speed routes are unavailable.
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Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default Gateways
Destination
Click a radio button to select the outbound destination for these packets. You can select only one
destination: either a specific router/gateway, or a VPN 3002 interface.
Destination Router Address
Enter the IP address of the specific router or gateway to which to route these packets; that is, the IP
address of the next hop between the VPN 3002 and the packet’s ultimate destination. Use dotted decimal
notation; for example, 10.10.0.2. We recommend that you select this option.
Interface
Click the drop-down menu button and select a configured VPN 3002 interface as the outbound
destination. We do not recommend this option; enter a destination router address above.
Add or Apply / Cancel
To add a new static route to the list of configured routes, click Add. Or to apply your changes to a static
route, click Apply. Both actions include your entries in the active configuration. The Manager returns
to the Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static Routes screen. Any new route appears at the bottom
of the Static Routes list.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entries, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | IP Routing |
Static Routes screen, and the Static Routes list is unchanged.
Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default Gateways
This screen lets you configure the default gateway for IP routing. You use this same screen both to
initially configure and to change default gateways. You can also configure the default gateway on the
Configuration | Quick | System Info screen.
The IP routing subsystem routes data packets first using static routes, then the default gateway. If you
do not specify a default gateway, the system drops packets it can not otherwise route.
Figure 7-4 Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default Gateways Screen
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Configuration | System | IP Routing | Default Gateways
Default Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default gateway or router. Use dotted decimal notation; for example,
192.168.12.77. This address must not be the same as the IP address configured on any VPN 3002
interface. If you do not use a default gateway, enter 0.0.0.0 (the default entry).
To delete a configured default gateway, enter 0.0.0.0.
The default gateway must be reachable from a VPN 3002 interface, and it is usually on the public
network. The Manager displays a warning screen if you enter an IP address that is not on one of its
interface networks, and it displays a dialog box if you enter an IP address that is not on the public
network.
Metric
Enter the metric, or cost, for the route to the default gateway. Use a number from 1to 16, where 1is the
lowest cost. The routing subsystem always tries to use the least costly route. For example, if this route
uses a low-speed line, you might assign a high metric so the system will use it only if all high-speed
routes are unavailable.
Apply / Cancel
To apply the settings for default gateways, and to include your settings in the active configuration, click
Apply. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | IP Routing screen. If you configure a Default
Gateway, it also appears in the Static Routes list on the Configuration | System | IP Routing | Static
Routes screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entries, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | IP Routing
screen.
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Chapter 7 IP Routing
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP
This screen lets you configure DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server parameters that
apply to DHCP server functions within the VPN 3002.
The DHCP server for the private interface lets IP hosts in its network automatically obtain IP addresses
from a limited pool of addresses for a fixed length of time, or lease period. Before the lease period
expires, the VPN 3002 displays a message offering to renew it. If the lease is not renewed, the connection
terminates when the lease expires, and the IP address becomes available for reuse. Using DHCP
simplifies configuration since you do not need to know what IP addresses are considered valid on a
particular network.
Figure 7-5 Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Screen
Enabled
Check the box to enable the DHCP server functions on the VPN 3002. The box is checked by default.
To use DHCP address assignment, you must enable DHCP functions here.
Lease Timeout
Enter the timeout in minutes for addresses that are obtained from the DHCP server. Minimum is 5,
default is 120, maximum is 500000 minutes. DHCP servers “lease” IP addresses to clients on the VPN
3002 private network for this period of time.
The Lease Timeout period you configure applies only when the tunnel to the VPN Concentrator is
established. When the tunnel is not established, the Lease Timeout period is 5 minutes.
Address Pool Start/End
Enter the range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign. Use dotted decimal notation. The
default is 127 successive addresses, with the first address being the address immediately after that of the
private interface. The maximum number of addresses you can configure is 127.
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Chapter 7 IP Routing
Apply/Cancel
Reminder:
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options
To apply the settings for DHCP parameters, and to include your settings in the active configuration, click
Apply. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | IP Routing screen.
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entries, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | IP Routing
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options
This section lets you configure DHCP options.
Figure 7-6 Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options Screen
DHCP Option
DHCP Options are facilities that allow the VPN 3002 DHCP server to respond to configurable
parameters for specific kinds of devices such as PCs, IP telephones, print servers, etc., as well as an IP
address.
Add/Modify/Delete
To configure and add DHCP options, click Add. The Manager opens the Configuration | System | IP |
DHCP Options | Add screen.To modify a configured DHCP option, select the option from the list and
click Modify. The Manager opens the Configuration | System | IP | DHCP Options | Modify screen.
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Chapter 7 IP Routing
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options | Add or Modify
To remove a configured DHCP option, select the option from the list and click Delete. There is no
confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the remaining DHCP options in the
list.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options |
Add or Modify
These screens let you:
Add a new DHCP option to the list of DHCP options this VPN 3002 uses.
Modify a configured DHCP option.
Figure 7-7 Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options | Add Screen
DHCP Option
Use the pull-down menu to the DHCP Options field to select the option you want to add or modify. You
can add or modify only one option at a time.
Option Value
Enter the value you want this option to use, for example, the IP address for the TFTP server option, the
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Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options | Add or Modify
Nonconfigurable DHCP Options
You cannot configure the following DHCP Options:
Subnet Mask (option 1)
Router (option 3)
•
•
•
•
•
Domain Name Server (option 6)
Domain Name (option 15)
NetBios Name Server/WINS (option 44).
You configure these values on the central-site VPN Concentrator for the group to which the VPN 3002
Hardware Client belongs. As is the case for all group configuration parameters, the central-site VPN
Concentrator pushes these values to the VPN 3002 over the tunnel.
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Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP Options | Add or Modify
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C H A P T E R
8
Management Protocols
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client includes various built-in servers, using various protocols, that let you
perform typical network and system management functions. This section explains how you configure
and enable those servers.
Configuration | System | Management Protocols
This section of the Manager lets you configure and enable built-in VPN 3002 servers that provide
management functions using:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HTTP/HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and HTTP over SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol.
Telnet: terminal emulation protocol, and Telnet over SSL.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol.
SNMP Community Strings: identifiers for valid SNMP clients.
SSL: Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
SSH: Secure Shell.
XML: EXtensible Markup Language
Figure 8-1 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
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Chapter 8 Management Protocols
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | HTTP/HTTPS
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | HTTP/HTTPS
This screen lets you configure and enable the VPN 3002 HTTP/HTTPS server: Hypertext Transfer
Protocol and HTTP over SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol. When the server is enabled, you can use
a Web browser to communicate with the VPN 3002. HTTPS lets you use a Web browser over a secure,
encrypted connection.
About HTTP/HTTPS
The Manager requires the HTTP/HTTPS server. If you click Apply, even if you have made no changes
on this screen, you break your HTTP/HTTPS connection and you must restart the Manager session from
the login screen.
If you disable either HTTP or HTTPS, and that is the protocol you are currently using, you can reconnect
with the other protocol if it is enabled and configured.
If you disable both HTTP and HTTPS, you cannot use a Web browser to connect to the VPN 3002. Use
the Cisco command-line interface from the console or a Telnet session.
Related information:
•
For information on installing the SSL digital certificate in your browser and connecting via HTTPS,
•
•
To configure SSL parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL screen.
To install, generate, view, or delete the SSL certificate on the VPN 3002, see the Administration |
Certificate Management screens.
Figure 8-2 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | HTTP/ HTTPS Screen
Enable HTTP
Check the box to enable the HTTP server. The box is checked by default. HTTP must be enabled to
install the SSL certificate in the browser initially, so you can thereafter use HTTPS. Disabling the HTTP
server provides additional security, but makes system management less convenient. See the notes above.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | HTTP/HTTPS
Enable HTTPS
Check the box to enable the HTTPS server. The box is checked by default. HTTPS, also known as HTTP
over SSL, lets you use the Manager over an encrypted connection.
Enable HTTPS on Public
Check the box to enable HTTPS on the Public interface.
HTTP Port
Enter the port number that the HTTP server uses. The default is 80, which is the well-known port.
HTTPS Port
Enter the port number that the HTTPS server uses. The default is 443, which is the well-known port.
Maximum Sessions
Enter the maximum number of concurrent, combined HTTP and HTTPS sessions (users) that the server
allows. Minimum is 1, default is 4, maximum is 10.
Apply/Cancel
To apply your HTTP/HTTPS server settings, to include your settings in the active configuration, and to
break the current HTTP/HTTPS connection, click Apply. If HTTP or HTTPS is still enabled, the
Manager returns to the main login screen. If both HTTP and HTTPS are disabled, you can no longer use
the Manager, and you will have to gain access through the console other configured connection.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | Telnet
Figure 8-3 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | Telnet
This screen lets you configure and enable the VPN 3002 Telnet terminal emulation server, and Telnet
over SSL (Secure Sockets Layer protocol). When the server is enabled, you can use a Telnet client to
communicate with the VPN 3002. You can fully manage and administer the VPN 3002 using the Cisco
Command Line Interface (CLI) via Telnet.
Telnet server login usernames and passwords are the same as those enabled and configured on the
Administration | Access Rights | Administrators screens.
Telnet/SSL uses a secure, encrypted connection. This enabled by default for Telnet/SSL clients.
See the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL screen to configure SSL parameters. See
the Administration | Certificate Management | Certificates screen to manage the SSL digital certificate.
Figure 8-4 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | Telnet Screen
Enable Telnet
Check the box to enable the Telnet server. The box is checked by default. Disabling the Telnet server
provides additional security, but doing so prevents using the Cisco CLI via Telnet.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | Telnet
Enable Telnet/SSL
Check the box to enable Telnet over SSL. The box is checked by default. Telnet/SSL uses Telnet over a
secure, encrypted connection.
Telnet Port
Enter the port number that the Telnet server uses. The default is 23, which is the well-known port
number.
Telnet/SSL Port
Enter the port number that Telnet over SSL uses. The default is 992, which is the well-known port
number.
Maximum Connections
Enter the maximum number of concurrent, combined Telnet and Telnet/SSL connections that the server
allows. Minimum is 1, default is 5, maximum is 10.
Apply / Cancel
To apply your Telnet settings, and to include the settings in the active configuration, click Apply. The
Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management Protocols screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
Figure 8-5 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP
This screen lets you configure and enable the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent.
When enabled, you can use an SNMP manager to collect information from the VPN 3002 but not to
configure it.
To use SNMP, you must also configure an SNMP Community on the Configuration | System |
Management Protocols | SNMP Communities screen.
The settings on this screen have no effect on sending system events to SNMP trap destinations (see
Configuration | System | Events | General and Trap Destinations). For those functions, the VPN 3002
acts as an SNMP client.
Figure 8-6 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | SNMP Screen
Enable SNMP
Check the box to enable SNMP. The box is checked by default. Disabling SNMP provides additional
security.
SNMP Port
Enter the port number that SNMP uses. The default is 161, which is the well-known port number.
Changing the port number provides additional security.
Maximum Queued Requests
Enter the maximum number of outstanding queued requests that the SNMP agent allows. Minimum is 1,
default is 4, maximum is 200.
Apply / Cancel
To apply your SNMP settings, and to include the settings in the active configuration, click Apply. The
Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management Protocols screen.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
Figure 8-7 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
Configuration | System | Management Protocols |
SNMP Communities
This section of the Manager lets you configure and manage SNMP community strings, which identify
valid communities from which the SNMP agent accepts requests. A community string is like a password:
it validates messages between an SNMP manager and the agent.
To use the VPN 3002 SNMP agent, you must configure and add at least one community string. You can
configure a maximum of 10 community strings. To protect security, the SNMP agent does not include
the usual default public community string, and we recommend that you not configure it.
Figure 8-8 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | SNMP Com m unities screen
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities
Community Strings
The Community Strings list shows SNMP community strings that have been configured. If no strings
have been configured, the list shows --Empty--.
Add/Modify/Delete
To configure and add a new community string, click Add. The Manager opens the Configuration |
System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities | Add screen.
To modify a configured community string, select the string from the list and click Modify. The Manager
opens the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities | Modify screen.
To delete a configured community string, select the string from the list and click Delete. There is no
confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the remaining entries in the list.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
Figure 8-9 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP
Communities | Add or Modify
These Manager screens let you:
•
•
Add: Configure and add a new SNMP community string.
Modify: Modify a configured SNMP community string.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities
Figure 8-10 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | SNMP Com m unities | Add Screen
Community String
Enter the SNMP community string. Maximum 31 characters, case-sensitive.
Add or Apply / Cancel
To add this entry to the list of configured community strings, click Add. Or to apply your changes to this
community string, click Apply. Both actions include your entry in the active configuration. The Manager
returns to the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities screen; a new entry
appears at the bottom of the Community Strings list.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entry or changes, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System |
Management Protocols | SNMP Communities screen, and the Community Strings list is unchanged.
Figure 8-11 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
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Chapter 8 Management Protocols
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL
This screen lets you configure the VPN 3002 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol server. These settings
apply to both HTTPS and Telnet over SSL. HTTPS lets you use a web browser over a secure, encrypted
connection to manage the VPN 3002.
SSL creates a secure session between the client and the VPN 3002 server. The client first authenticates
the server, they negotiate session security parameters, and then they encrypt all data passed during the
session. If, during negotiation, the server and client cannot agree on security parameters, the session
terminates.
SSL uses digital certificates for authentication. The VPN 3002 creates a self-signed SSL server
certificate when it boots; or you can install in the VPN 3002 an SSL certificate that has been issued in a
PKI context. This certificate must then be installed in the client (for HTTPS; Telnet does not usually
require it). You need to install the certificate from a given VPN 3002 only once.
The default SSL settings should suit most administration tasks and network security requirements. We
recommend that you not change them without good reason.
Note
To ensure the security of your connection to the Manager, if you click Apply on this screen, even if
you have made no changes, you break your connection to the Manager and you must restart the
Manager session from the login screen.
Related information:
•
•
•
•
For information on installing the SSL digital certificate in your browser and connecting via HTTPS,
To configure HTTPS parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols |
HTTP/HTTPS screen.
To configure Telnet/SSL parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols |
Telnet screen.
To manage SSL digital certificates, see the Administration | Certificate Management screens.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL
Figure 8-12 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | SSL Screen
Encryption Algorithms
Check the boxes for the encryption algorithms that the VPN 3002 SSL server can negotiate with a client
and use for session encryption. All are checked by default. You must check at least one algorithm to
enable SSL. Unchecking all algorithms disables SSL.
The algorithms are negotiated in the following order (you cannot change the order, but you can enable
or disable selected algorithms):
•
RRC4-128/MD5 = RC4 encryption with a 128-bit key and the MD5 hash function. This option is
available in most SSL clients.
•
3DES-168/SHA = Triple-DES encryption with a 168-bit key and the SHA-1 hash function. This is
the strongest (most secure) option.
•
•
DES-56/SHA = DES encryption with a 56-bit key and the SHA-1 hash function.
RC4-40/MD5 Export = RC4 encryption with a 128-bit key, 40 bits of which are private, and the
MD5 hash function. This option is available in the non-U.S. versions of many SSL clients.
•
DES-40/SHA Export = DES encryption with a 56-bit key, 40 bits of which are private, and the
SHA-1 hash function. This option is available in the non-U.S. versions of many SSL clients.
Client Authentication
This parameter applies to HTTPS only; it is ignored for Telnet/SSL.
Check the box to enable SSL client authentication. The box is not checked by default. In the most
common SSL connection, the client authenticates the server, not vice-versa. Client authentication
requires personal certificates installed in the browser, and trusted certificates installed in the server.
Specifically, the VPN 3002 must have a root CA certificate installed; and a certificate signed by one of
the VPN 3002 trusted CAs must be installed in the Web browser. See Administration | Certificate
Management.
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Chapter 8 Management Protocols
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL
SSL Version
Click the drop-down menu button and select the SSL version to use. SSL Version 3 has more security
options than Version 2, and TLS (Transport Layer Security) Version 1 has more security options than
SSL Version 3. Some clients that send an SSL Version 2 “Hello” (initial negotiation), can actually use a
more secure version during the session. Telnet/SSL clients usually can use only SSL Version 2.
Choices are:
•
Negotiate SSL V2/V3 = The server tries to use SSL Version 3 but accepts Version 2 if the client can
not use Version 3. This is the default selection. This selection works with most browsers and
Telnet/SSL clients.
•
SSL V3 with SSL V2 Hello = The server insists on SSL Version 3 but accepts an initial Version 2
“Hello.”
•
•
SSL V3 Only = The server insists on SSL Version 3 only.
SSL V2 Only = The server insists on SSL Version 2 only. This selection works with most
Telnet/SSL clients.
•
•
TLS V1 Only = The server insists on TLS Version 1 only. At present, only Microsoft Internet
Explorer 5.0 supports this option.
TLS V1 with SSL V2 Hello = The server insists on TLS Version 1 but accepts an initial SSL Version
2 “Hello.” At present, only Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 supports this option.
Generated Certificate Key Size
Click the drop-down menu button and select the size of the RSA key that the VPN 3002 uses in its
self-signed (generated) SSL server certificate. A larger key size increases security, but it also increases
the processing necessary in all transactions over SSL. The increases vary depending on the type of
transaction (encryption or decryption).
Choices are:
•
•
•
512-bit RSA Key = This key size provides sufficient security. It is the most common, and requires
the least processing.
768-bit RSA Key = This key size provides normal security and is the default selection. It requires
approximately 2 to 4 times more processing than the 512-bit key.
1024-bit RSA Key = This key size provides high security. It requires approximately 4 to 8 times
more processing than the 512-bit key.
Apply/Cancel
To apply your SSL settings, and to include your settings in the active configuration, click Apply. The
Manager returns to the initial Login screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
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Chapter 8 Management Protocols
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSH
Figure 8-13 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSH
This screen lets you configure the VPN 3002 SSH (Secure Shell) protocol server. SSH is a secure
Telnet-like terminal emulator protocol that you can use to manage the VPN 3002, using the Command
Line Interface, over a remote connection.
The SSH server supports SSH1 (protocol version 1.5), which uses two RSA keys for security. All
communication over the connection is encrypted. To provide additional security, the remote client
authenticates the server and the server authenticates the client.
At the start of an SSH session, the VPN 3002 sends both a host key and a server key to the client, which
responds with a session key that it generates and encrypts using the host and server keys. The RSA key
of the SSL certificate is used as the host key, which uniquely identifies the VPN 3002. See
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL.
Figure 8-14 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | SSH screen
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSH
Enable SSH
Check the box to enable the SSH server. The box is checked by default. Disabling the SSH server
provides additional security by preventing SSH access.
Enable SSH on Public
Check the box to enable SSH on the Public interface.
SSH Port
Enter the port number that the SSH server uses. The default is 22, which is the well-known port.
Maximum Sessions
Enter the maximum number of concurrent SSH sessions allowed. Minimum is 1, default is 4, and
maximum is 10.
Key Regeneration Period
Enter the server key regeneration period in minutes. If the server key has been used for an SSH session,
the VPN 3002 regenerates the key at the end of this period. Minimum is 0 (which disables key
regeneration, default is 60 minutes, and maximum is 10080 minutes (1 week).
Note
Use 0 (disable key regeneration) only for testing, since it lessens security.
Encryption Algorithms
Check the boxes for the encryption algorithms that the VPN 3002 SSH server can negotiate with a client
and use for session encryption. All algorithms are checked by default. You must check at least one
algorithm to enable a secure session. Unchecking all algorithms disables SSH.
•
•
•
•
3DES-168 = Triple-DES encryption with a 168-bit key. This option is the most secure but requires
the greatest processing overhead.
RC4-128 = RC4 encryption with a 128-bit key. This option provides adequate security and
performance.
DES-56 = DES encryption with a 56-bit key. This option is least secure but provides the greatest
export flexibility.
No Encryption = Connect without encryption. This option provides no security and is for testing
purposes only. It is not checked by default.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSH
Apply / Cancel
To apply your SSH settings, and to include your settings in the active configuration, click Apply. The
Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management Protocols screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols screen.
Figure 8-15 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols Screen
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | XML
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | XML
This screen lets you configure the VPN 3002to support an XML-based interface. Enabling XML
management (the default condition) allows the VPN 3002 to be more easily managed by a centralized
management system. XML is enabled by default. To disable the XML option, clear the check box. To
reenable the XML option, click the check box.
On this screen, you can also configure the VPN 3002 to enable HTTPS or SSH (or both) on the public
interface and to lock the XML interface to a specific HTTPS or SSH IP address.
Figure 8-16 Configuration | System | Managem ent Protocols | XML Screen
Enable XML
Check the Enable check box, the default, to enable the XML management capability. You must also
enable HTTPS or SSH on the VPN 3002 public interface. Disabling the XML management capability is
not recommended.
Enable HTTPS on Public
Check the Enable HTTPS on Public check box to allow XML management over HTTPS on the
VPN 3002 public interface.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | XML
HTTPS IP Address
Enter the IP address from which to allow HTTPS access on the VPN 3002 public interface.
HTTPS Wildcard-mask
Enter the wildcard mask for the HTTPS IP address.
Note
Enter a wildcard mask, which is the reverse of a subnet mask. A wildcard mask has 1s in bit positions
to ignore, and 0s in bit positions to match. For example, entering 0.0.0.0 matches the specified
address; entering 255.255.255.255 matches all addresses.
Enable SSH on Public
Check the Enable SSH on Public check box to allow XML management over Secure Shell (SSH) on
the VPN 3002 public interface.
SSH IP Address
Enter the IP address from which to allow SSH access on the VPN 3002 public interface.
SSH Wildcard-mask
Enter the wildcard mask for the SSH IP address.
Note
Enter a wildcard mask, which is the reverse of a subnet mask. A wildcard mask has 1s in bit positions
to ignore, and 0s in bit positions to match. For example, entering 0.0.0.0 matches the specified
address; entering 255.255.255.255 matches all addresses.
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Configuration | System | Management Protocols | XML
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C H A P T E R
9
Events
An event is any significant occurrence within or affecting the VPN 3002 such as an alarm, trap, error
condition, network problem, task completion, threshold breach, or status change. The VPN 3002 records
events in an event log, which is stored in nonvolatile memory. You can also specify that certain events
trigger a console message, a UNIX syslog record, or an SNMP management system trap.
Event attributes include class and severity level.
Event Class
Event class denotes the source of the event and refers to a specific hardware or software subsystem
Table 9-1 Event Classes
Class Description (Event Source)
Class Name
AUTH
(*Cisco-specific Event Class)
Authentication*
AUTHDBG
AUTHDECODE
AUTOUPDATE
CAPI
Authentication debugging*
Authentication protocol decoding*
Autoupdate subsystem*
Cryptography subsystem*
Digital certificates subsystem
Configuration subsystem*
DHCP subsystem
CERT
CONFIG
DHCP
DHCPDBG
DHCPDECODE
DM
DHCP debugging*
DHCP decoding*
Data Movement subsystem*
DNS subsystem
DNS
DNSDBG
DNSDECODE
EVENT
DNS debugging*
DNS decoding*
Event subsystem*
EVENTDBG
Event subsystem debugging*
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Chapter 9 Events
Event Class
Class Description (Event Source)
(*Cisco-specific Event Class)
Class Name
EVENTMIB
FSM
Event MIB changes*
Finite State Machine subsystem (for debugging)*
FTP daemon subsystem
FTPD
GENERAL
HARDWAREMON
HTTP
NTP subsystem and other general events
Hardware monitoring (fans, temperature, voltages, etc.)
HTTP subsystem
HWDIAG
IKE
Hardware diagnostics for WAN module*
ISAKMP/Oakley (IKE) subsystem
ISAKMP/Oakley (IKE) debugging*
ISAKMP/Oakley (IKE) decoding*
IP router subsystem
IKEDBG
IKEDECODE
IP
IPDBG
IP router debugging*
IPDECODE
IPSEC
IP packet decoding*
IP Security subsystem
IPSECDBG
IPSECDECODE
LBSSF
IP Security debugging*
IP Security decoding*
Load Balancing/Secure Session Failover subsystem*
MIB-II trap subsystem: SNMP MIB-II traps*
PPP subsystem
MIB2TRAP
PPP
PPPDBG
PPPDECODE
PPPoE
PPP debugging*
PPP decoding*
PPPoE subsystem
PSH
Operating system command shell*
Embedded real-time operating system*
System queue*
PSOS
QUEUE
REBOOT
RM
System rebooting
Resource Manager subsystem*
SNMP trap subsystem
SNMP
SSH
SSH subsystem
SSL
SSL subsystem
SYSTEM
TCP
Buffer, heap, and other system utilities*
TCP subsystem
TELNET
TELNETDBG
TELNETDECODE
TIME
Telnet subsystem
Telnet debugging*
Telnet decoding*
System time (clock)
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Chapter 9 Events
Event Severity Level
Note
The Cisco-specific event classes provide information that is meaningful only to Cisco engineering
or support personnel. Also, the DBG and DECODE events require significant system resources and
might seriously degrade performance. We recommend that you avoid logging these events unless
Cisco requests it.
Event Severity Level
Severity level indicates how serious or significant the event is; that is, how likely it is to cause unstable
operation of the VPN 3002, whether it represents a high-level or low-level operation, or whether it
returns little or great detail. Level 1 is most significant. Table 9-2 describes the severity levels.
Table 9-2 Event Severity Levels
Level
1
Category
Description
Fault
A crash or non-recoverable error.
2
Warning
A pending crash or severe problem that requires user intervention.
A potentially serious problem that may require user action.
An information-only event with few details.
An information-only event with moderate detail.
An information-only event with greatest detail.
Least amount of debugging detail.
3
Warning
4
Information
Information
Information
Debug
5
6
7
8
Debug
Moderate amount of debugging detail.
Greatest amount of debugging detail.
High-level packet header decoding.
Low-level packet header decoding.
Hex dump of header.
9
Debug
10
11
12
13
Packet Decode
Packet Decode
Packet Decode
Packet Decode
Hex dump of packet.
Within a severity level category, higher-numbered events provide more details than lower-numbered
events, without necessarily duplicating the lower-level details. For example, within the Information
category, Level 6 provides greater detail than Level 4 but does not necessarily include the same
information as Level 4.
Logging higher-numbered severity levels degrades performance, since more system resources are used
to log and handle these events.
Note
The Debug (7–9) and Packet Decode (10–13) severity levels are intended for use by Cisco
engineering and support personnel. We recommend that you avoid logging these events unless Cisco
requests it.
The VPN 3002, by default, displays all events of severity level 1 through 3 on the console. It writes all
events of severity level 1 through 5 to the event log. You can change these defaults on the
Configuration | System | Events | General screen, and you can configure specific events for special
handling on the Configuration | System | Events | Classes screens.
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Chapter 9 Events
Event Log
Event Log
The VPN 3002 records events in an event log, which is stored in nonvolatile memory. Thus the event log
persists even if the system is powered off. For troubleshooting any system difficulty, or just to examine
details of system activity, consult the event log first.
The VPN 3002 holds 256 events. The log wraps when it is full; that is, newer events overwrite older
events when the log is full.
For the event log, you can configure which event classes and severity levels to log.
Note
The VPN 3002 automatically saves the log file if it crashes, and when it is rebooted. This log file is
named SAVELOG.TXT, and it overwrites any existing file with that name. The SAVELOG.TXT file
is useful for debugging.
Event Log Data
Each entry (record) in the event log consists of several fields including:
•
A sequence number.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Date and time.
Event severity level.
Event class and number.
Event repetition count.
Event IP address (only for certain events).
Description string.
For more information, see the Monitoring | Filterable Event Log screen.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events
Configuration | System | Events
This section of the Manager lets you configure how the VPN 3002 handles events. Events provide
information for system monitoring, auditing, management, accounting, and troubleshooting.
Figure 9-1 Configuration | System | Events Screen
Configuration | System | Events | General
This Manager screen lets you configure the general, or default, handling of all events. These defaults
apply to all event classes.
You can override these default settings by configuring specific events for special handling on the
Configuration | System | Events | Classes screens.
Figure 9-2 Configuration | System | Events | General Screen
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Configuration | System | Events | General
Syslog Format
Click the Syslog Format drop-down menu button and choose the format for all events sent to UNIX
syslog servers. Choices are:
•
Original = Original VPN 3002 event format with information on one line. Each entry in the event
log consists of the following fields:
Sequence Date Time SEV=Severity Class/Number RPT=RepeatCount String
–
–
–
–
Sequence: The sequence number of the event.
Date: The date the event occurred. The date is in the following format: MM/DD/YYYY.
Time: The time the event occurred. The time is in the following format: hh:mm:ss.ttt.
Severity: The severity of the event (1-13). To see how this original severity level maps to Cisco
–
–
–
Class/Number: The event class and event number. For a list of event classes, see the “Events”
chapter.
RepeatCount: The number of times this particular event has occurred since the VPN 3002 was
last booted.
String: The description of the event. The string sometimes includes the IP address of the user
whose session generated the event.
For example:
3 12/06/1999 14:37:06.680 SEV=4 HTTP/47 RPT=17 10.10.1.35 New administrator login:
admin.
•
Cisco IOS Compatible = Event format that is compatible with Cisco syslog management
applications. Each entry in the event log is one line consisting of the following fields:
Sequence: Date Time TimeZone TimeZoneOffset %Class-Severity-Number: RPT=RepeatCount:
String
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sequence: The sequence number of the event.
Date: The date the event occurred. The date is in the following format: YYYY MMM DD.
Time: The time the event occurred. The time is in the following format: hh:mm:ss.ttt.
TimeZone: The time zone in which the event occurred.
TimeZoneOffset: The offset of the time zone from GMT.
Class: The event class. For a list of event classes, see the “Events” chapter.
Cisco IOS format severity levels and Original format severity levels.
–
–
Number: The event number.
RepeatCount: The number of times this particular event has occurred since the VPN
Concentrator was last booted.
–
String: The description of the event. The string sometimes includes the IP address of the user
whose session generated the event.
For example:
3 1999 Dec 06 14:37:06.680 EDT -4:00 %HTTP-5-47:RPT=17 10.10.1.35: New
administrator login: admin.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | General
The Original severities and the Cisco IOS severities differ. Original severities number from 1-13. (For
Table 9-3 Cisco IOS Severities
Cisco IOS Severity
Meaning
Emergencies
Alerts
Original Severity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
Not used
Critical
2
Errors
Not used
Warning
3
Notification
Informational
Debugging
4
5, 6
7-13
Severity to Log
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to enter in the event log
by default. The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-13. The default is 1-5; if you choose this range, all
events of severity level 1 through severity level 5 are entered in the event log.
Severity to Console
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to display on the console
by default. The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-13. The default is 1-3; if you choose this range, all
events of severity level 1 through severity level 3 are displayed on the console.
Severity to Syslog
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to send to a UNIX syslog
server by default. The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-6. The default is None; if you choose this
range, no events are sent to a syslog server.
If you select any severity levels to send, you must also configure the syslog server(s) on the
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers screens.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Classes
Severity to Trap
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to send to an SNMP
network management system (NMS) by default. Event messages sent to SNMP systems are called
“traps.” The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3. The default is None; if you choose this range, no events are
sent as SNMP traps.
If you select any severity levels to send, you must also configure SNMP destination system parameters
on the Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations screens.
SNMP NMS receive them, you must configure the events as in the table, and configure a trap destination.
Table 9-4
To send this “well-known”
SNMP trap
coldStart
linkDown
linkUp
Configuring “Well-Known” SNMP Traps
Configure either General event
handling or this Event Class
With this Severity to Trap
1 or higher
EVENT
IP
1-3 or higher
IP
1-3 or higher
authFailure1
SNMP
1-3 or higher
1. This trap is SNMP authentication failure, not tunnel authentication failure.
Apply/Cancel
To include your settings for default event handling in the active configuration, click Apply. The Manager
returns to the Configuration | System | Events screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Events
screen.
Configuration | System | Events | Classes
This section of the Manager lets you add, configure, modify, and delete specific event classes for special
handling. You can thus override the general, or default, handling of event classes. For example, you
might want to send email for HARDWAREMON events of severity 1-2, whereas default event handling
does not send any email.
Event classes denote the source of an event and refer to a specific hardware or software subsystem within
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Classes
Figure 9-3 Configuration | System | Events | Classes Screen
To configure default event handling, click the highlighted link that says “Click here to configure general
event parameters.”
Configured Event Classes
The Configured Event Classes list shows the event classes that have been configured for special
handling. The initial default entry is MIB2TRAP, which are SNMP MIB-II events, or “traps,” that you
might want to monitor with an SNMP network management system. Other configured event classes are
listed in order by class number and name. If no classes have been configured for special handling, the
list shows --Empty--.
Add/Modify/Delete
To configure and add a new event class for special handling, click Add. See Configuration | System |
Events | Classes | Add.
To modify an event class that has been configured for special handling, select the event class from the
list and click Modify. See Configuration | System | Events | Classes | Modify.
To remove an event class that has been configured for special handling, select the event class from the
list and click Delete. There is no confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the
remaining entries in the list.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Classes | Add or Modify
Configuration | System | Events | Classes | Add or Modify
These screens let you:
Add: Configure and add the special handling of a specific event class.
Modify: Modify the special handling of a specific event class.
Figure 9-4 Configuration | System | Events | Classes | Add Screen
Class Name
Add screen:
Click the drop-down menu button and select the event class you want to add and configure for
special handling. (Please note that Select Class is an instruction reminder, not a class.) Table 9-1
describes the event classes.
Modify screen:
The field shows the configured event class you are modifying. You cannot change this field.
All subsequent parameters on this screen apply to this event class only.
Enable
Check this box to enable the special handling of this event class. (The box is checked by default.)
Clearing this box lets you set up the parameters for the event class but activate it later, or temporarily
disable special handling without deleting the entry. The Configured Event Classes list on the
Configuration | System | Events | Classes screen indicates disabled event classes. Disabled event classes
are handled according to the default parameters for all event classes.
Severity to Log
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to enter in the event log.
The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3,..., 1-13. The default is 1-5; if you choose this range, events of severity
level 1 through severity level 5 are entered in the event log.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Classes | Add or Modify
Severity to Console
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to display on the console.
The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3,..., 1-13. The default is 1-3; if you choose this range, events of severity
level 1 through severity level 3 are displayed on the console.
Severity to Syslog
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to send to a UNIX syslog
server. The choices are: None, 1, 1-2, 1-3,..., 1-13. The default is None; if you choose this range, no
events are sent to a syslog server.
Note
Sending events to a syslog server generates IP packets, which can generate new events if this setting
is above level 9. We strongly recommend that you keep this setting at or below level 6. Avoid setting
this parameter above level 9.
If you select any severity levels to send, you must also configure the syslog server(s) on the
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers screens, and you should configure the Syslog Format
on the Configuration | System | Events | General screen.
Severity to Trap
Click the drop-down menu button and select the range of event severity levels to send to an SNMP
network management system. Event messages sent to SNMP systems are called “traps.” The choices are:
None, 1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5. The default is None; if you choose this range, no events are sent as SNMP
traps.
If you select any severity levels to send, you must also configure SNMP destination system parameters
on the Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations screens.
System | Events | General.
Add or Apply/Cancel
To add this event class to the list of those with special handling, click Add. Or to apply your changes to
this configured event class, click Apply. Both actions include your entry in the active configuration. The
Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Events | Classes screen. Any new event class appears in
the Configured Event Classes list.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Events |
Classes screen.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations
Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations
This section of the Manager lets you configure SNMP network management systems as destinations of
event traps. Event messages sent to SNMP systems are called “traps.” If you configure any event
handling, default or special, with values in Severity to Trap fields, you must configure trap destinations
in this section.
To configure default event handling, click the highlighted link that says “Click here to configure general
event parameters.” To configure special event handling, see the Configuration | System | Events | Classes
screens.
System | Events | General.
To have an SNMP-based network management system (NMS) receive any events, you must also
configure the NMS to “see” the VPN 3002 as a managed device or “agent” in the NMS domain.
Figure 9-5 Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations Screen
Trap Destinations
The Trap Destinations list shows the SNMP network management systems that have been configured as
destinations for event trap messages, and the SNMP protocol version associated with each destination.
If no trap destinations have been configured, the list shows --Empty--.
Add/Modify/Delete
To configure a new SNMP trap destination, click Add. See Configuration | System | Events | Trap
Destinations | Add.
To modify an SNMP trap destination that has been configured, select the destination from the list and
click Modify. See Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations | Modify.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations | Add or Modify
To remove an SNMP trap destination that has been configured, select the destination from the list and
click Delete. There is no confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the
remaining entries in the list.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations |
Add or Modify
These screens let you:
Add: Configure and add an SNMP destination system for event trap messages.
Modify: Modify a configured SNMP destination system for event trap messages.
Figure 9-6 Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations | Add Screen
Destination
Enter the IP address or hostname of the SNMP network management system that is a destination for
event trap messages. (If you have configured a DNS server, you can enter a hostname; otherwise enter
an IP address.)
SNMP Version
Click the drop-down menu button and select the SNMP protocol version to use when formatting traps to
this destination. Choices are SNMPv1 (version 1; the default) and SNMPv2 (version 2).
Community
Enter the community string to use in identifying traps from the VPN 3002 to this destination. The
community string is like a password: it validates messages between the VPN 3002 and this NMS
destination. If you leave this field blank, the default community string is public.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers
Port
Enter the UDP port number by which you access the destination SNMP server. Use a decimal number
from 0 to 65535. The default is 162, which is the well-known port number for SNMP traps.
Add or Apply/Cancel
To add this system to the list of SNMP trap destinations, click Add. Or to apply your changes to this trap
destination, click Apply. Both actions include your entry in the active configuration. The Manager
returns to the Configuration | System | Events | Trap Destinations screen. Any new destination system
appears in the Trap Destinations list.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Events | Trap
Destinations screen, and the Trap Destinations list is unchanged.
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers
This section of the Manager lets you configure UNIX syslog servers as recipients of event messages.
Syslog is a UNIX daemon, or background process, that records events. The VPN 3002 can send event
messages in two syslog formats to configured syslog systems. If you configure any event handling,
default or special, with values in Severity to Syslog fields, you must configure syslog servers in this
section.
To configure default event handling and syslog formats, click the highlighted link that says “Click here
to configure general event parameters.” To configure special event handling, see the Configuration |
System | Events | Classes screens.
Figure 9-7 Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers Screen
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers
Syslog Servers
The Syslog Servers list shows the UNIX syslog servers that have been configured as recipients of event
messages. You can configure a maximum of five syslog servers. If no syslog servers have been
configured, the list shows --Empty--.
Add/Modify/Delete
To configure a new syslog server, click Add. See Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add.
To modify a syslog server that has been configured, select the server from the list and click Modify. See
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Modify.
To remove a syslog server that has been configured, select the server from the list and click Delete. There
is no confirmation or undo. The Manager refreshes the screen and shows the remaining entries in the list.
Reminder:
The Manager immediately includes your changes in the active configuration. To save the active
configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the top of the Manager
window.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add or Modify
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add or Modify
These Manager screens let you:
Add: Configure and add a UNIX syslog server as a recipient of event messages. You can configure
a maximum of five syslog servers.
Modify: Modify a configured UNIX syslog server that is a recipient of event messages.
Figure 9-8 Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add Screen
Syslog Server
Enter the IP address or hostname of the UNIX syslog server to receive event messages. (If you have
configured a DNS server, you can enter a hostname; otherwise, enter an IP address.)
Port
Enter the UDP port number by which you access the syslog server. Use a decimal number from 0 to
65535. The default is 514, which is the well-known port number.
Facility
Click the drop-down menu button and select the syslog facility tag for events sent to this server. The
facility tag lets the syslog server sort messages into different files or destinations. The choices are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
User = Random user-process messages.
Mail = Mail system.
Daemon = System daemons.
Auth = Security or authorization messages.
Syslog = Internal syslogd-generated messages.
LPR = Line printer subsystem.
News = Network news subsystem.
UUCP = UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program) subsystem.
Reserved (9) through Reserved (14) = Outside the Local range, with no name or assignment yet,
but usable.
•
•
CRON = Clock daemon.
Local 0 through Local 7 (default) = User defined.
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Chapter 9 Events
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add or Modify
Add or Apply/Cancel
To add this server to the list of syslog servers, click Add. Or to apply your changes to this syslog server,
click Apply. Both actions include your entry in the active configuration. The Manager returns to the
Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers screen. Any new server appears in the Syslog Servers
list.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entries, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Events |
Syslog Servers screen, and the Syslog Servers list is unchanged.
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Configuration | System | Events | Syslog Servers | Add or Modify
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C H A P T E R
10
General
General configuration parameters include VPN 3002 environment items: system identification, time,
and date.
Configuration | System | General
This section of the Manager lets you configure general VPN 3002 parameters.
•
•
Identification: system name, contact person, system location.
Time and Date: system time and date.
Figure 10-1 Configuration | System | General Screen
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Chapter 10 General
Configuration | System | General | Identification
Configuration | System | General | Identification
This screen lets you configure system identification parameters that are stored in the standard MIB-II
system object. Network management systems using SNMP can retrieve this object and identify the
system. Configuring this information is optional.
Figure 10-2 Configuration | System | General | Identification Screen
System Name
Enter a system name that uniquely identifies this VPN 3002 on your network; for example, VPN01.
Maximum 255 characters.
Contact
Enter the name of the contact person who is responsible for this VPN 3002. Maximum 255 characters.
Enter the location of this VPN 3002. Maximum 255 characters.
Location
Apply / Cancel
Reminder:
To apply your system identification settings and include them in the active configuration, click Apply.
The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | General screen.
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | General
screen.
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Chapter 10 General
Configuration | System | General | Time and Date
Configuration | System | General | Time and Date
This screen lets you set the time and date on the VPN 3002. Setting the correct time is very important
so that logging information is accurate.
Figure 10-3 Configuration | System | General | Tim e and Date Screen
Current Time
The screen shows the current date and time on the VPN 3002 at the time the screen displays. You can
refresh this by redisplaying the screen.
New Time
The values in the New Time fields are the time and date on the browser PC at the time the screen
displays. Any entries you make apply to the VPN 3002, however.
In the appropriate fields, make any changes. The fields are, in order: Hour : Minute : Second Month /
Day / Year Time Zone. Click the drop-down menu buttons to select Month, and Time Zone. The time
zone selections are offsets in hours relative to GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), which is the basis for
Internet time synchronization. Enter the Year as a four-digit number.
Enable DST Support
To enable DST support, check the box. During DST (Daylight-Saving Time), clocks are set one hour
ahead of standard time. Enabling DST support means that the VPN 3002 automatically adjusts the time
zone for DST or standard time. If your system is in a time zone that uses DST, you must enable DST
support.
Apply/Cancel
To apply your time and date settings, and to include your settings in the active configuration, click
Apply. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | General screen.
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Chapter 10 General
Configuration | System | General | Time and Date
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | General
screen.
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C H A P T E R
11
Policy Management
The VPN 3002 works in either of two modes: Client mode or Network Extension mode.
Policy management on the VPN 3002 includes deciding whether you want the VPN 3002 to use Client
Mode or Network Extension mode. This section lets you enable or disable PAT.
Client Mode/PAT
Client mode, also called Port Address Translation (PAT) mode, isolates all devices on the VPN 3002
private network from those on the corporate network. In PAT mode:
•
•
IPSec encapsulates all traffic going from the private network of the VPN 3002 to the network(s)
behind the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) peer, that is, the central-site VPN Concentrator.
PAT mode uses NAT (Network Address Translation). NAT translates the network addresses of the
devices connected to the VPN 3002 private interface to the IP address of the VPN 3002 public
interface. The VPN Concentrator assigns this address. NAT also keeps track of these mappings so
that it can forward replies to the correct device.
All traffic from the private network appears on the network behind the IKE peer with a single source IP
address. This IP address is the one the central-site VPN Concentrator assigns to the VPN 3002. The IP
addresses of the computers on the VPN 3002 private network are hidden. You cannot ping or access a
device on the VPN 3002 private network from outside of that private network, or directly from a device
on the private network at the central site.
In client mode, the tunnel establishes when data passes to the VPN Concentrator, or when you click
Connect Now in the Monitoring | System Status screen.
Client Mode with Split Tunneling
You assign the VPN 3002 to a client group on the central-site VPN Concentrator. If you enable split
tunneling for that group, IPSec and PAT are applied to all traffic that travels through the VPN 3002 to
networks within the network list for that group behind the central-site VPN Concentrator.
Traffic from the VPN 3002 to any destination other than those within the network list for that group on
the central-site VPN Concentrator travels in the clear without applying IPSec. NAT translates the
network addresses of the devices connected to the VPN 3002 private interface to the assigned IP address
of the public interface and also keeps track of these mappings so that it can forward replies to the correct
device.
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Network Extension Mode
The network and addresses on the private side of the VPN 3002 are hidden, and cannot be accessed
directly.
VPN 3000 Series VPN Concentrator Settings Required for PAT
For the VPN 3002 to use PAT, these are the requirements for the central-site VPN Concentrator.
1. The VPN Concentrator at the central site must be running Software version 3.x or later.
2. Address assignment must be enabled, by whatever method you choose to assign addresses (for
example, DHCP, address pools, per user, or client-specified). If the VPN Concentrator uses address
pools for address assignment, make sure to configure the address pools your network requires. See
Chapter 6, Address Management, in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume I.
3. Configure a group to which you assign this VPN 3002. This includes assigning a group name and
Password. See Chapter 14, User Management, in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference
Volume I.
4. Configure one or more users for the group, including usernames and passwords.
Network Extension Mode
Network Extension mode allows the VPN 3002 to present a single, routable network to the remote
private network over the VPN tunnel. IPSec encapsulates all traffic from the VPN 3002 private network
to networks behind the central-site VPN Concentrator. PAT does not apply. Therefore, devices behind
the VPN Concentrator have direct access to devices on the VPN 3002 private network over the tunnel,
and only over the tunnel, and vice versa. The VPN 3002 must initiate the tunnel, but after the tunnel is
up, either side can initiate data exchange.
In this mode, the central-site VPN Concentrator does not assign an IP address for tunneled traffic (as it
does in Client/PAT mode). The tunnel is terminated with the VPN 3002 private IP address (the assigned
IP address). To use Network Extension mode, you must configure an IP address other than the default
of 192.168.10.1 and disable PAT.
In Network Extension mode, the VPN 3002 automatically attempts to establish a tunnel to the VPN
Concentrator. However, if you enable interactive hardware client authentication, the tunnel establishes
when you perform the following steps.
Step 1
Click the Connection/Login Status button on the VPN 3002 Hardware Client login screen. The
Connection/Login screen displays.
Step 2
Step 3
Click Connect Now in the Connection/Login screen.
Enter the username and password for the VPN 3002.
Alternatively, you can initiate a tunnel by clicking Connect Now on the in the Monitoring | System
Status screen.
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Network Extension Mode
Network Extension Mode with Split Tunneling
You always assign the VPN 3002 to a client group on the central-site VPN Concentrator. If you enable
split tunneling for that group, IPSec operates on all traffic that travels through the VPN 3002 to networks
within the network list for that group behind the central-site VPN Concentrator. PAT does not apply.
Traffic from the VPN 3002 to any other destination than those within the network list on the central-site
VPN Concentrator travels in the clear without applying IPSec. NAT translates the network addresses of
the devices on the VPN 3002 private network to the address of the VPN 3002 public interface. Thus the
network and addresses on the private side of the VPN 3002 are accessible over the tunnel, but are
protected from the Internet, that is, they cannot be accessed directly.
VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Settings Required for Network Extension Mode
For the VPN 3002 to use Network Extension mode, these are the requirements for the central-site VPN
Concentrator.
1. The VPN Concentrator at the central site must be running Software version 3.0 or later.
2. Configure a group to which you assign this VPN 3002. This includes assigning a group name and
password. See Chapter 14, User Management, in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference
Volume I.
3. Configure one or more users for the group, including usernames and passwords.
4. Configure either a default gateway or a static route to the VPN 3002 private network. See
Chapter 8, “IP Routing” in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume I.
5. If you want the VPN 3002 to be able to reach devices on other networks that connect to this VPN
Concentrator, review your Network Lists. See Chapter 15, “Policy Management” in the VPN 3000
Series Concentrator Reference Volume I.
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Network Extension Mode
Tunnel Initiation
The VPN 3002 always initiates the tunnel to the central-site VPN Concentrator. The central-site VPN
Concentrator cannot initiate a tunnel to a VPN 3002. The VPN 3002 creates only one IPSec tunnel to
the central-site VPN Concentrator, in either PAT or Network Extension mode. The tunnel can support
multiple encrypted data streams between users behind the VPN 3002 and the central site. With split
tunneling enabled, it can also support multiple unencrypted data streams to the internet.
In PAT mode, the tunnel establishes when data passes to the VPN Concentrator, or when you click
Connect Now in the Monitoring | System Status screen.
In Network Extension mode, the VPN 3002 automatically attempts to establish a tunnel to the VPN
Concentrator.
Tunnel Initiation with Interactive Hardware Client Authentication
In either Client or Network Extension mode, when you enable interactive hardware client authentication,
the tunnel establishes when you perform the following steps.
Step 1
In the VPN 3002 Hardware Client login screen, click the Connection/Login Status button. The
Connection/Login screen displays.
Step 2
Step 3
Click Connect Now.
Enter the username and password for the VPN 3002.
See the section, “Logging In With Interactive Hardware Client and Individual User Authentication” in
Chapter 1 for detailed instructions.
Alternatively, you can click Connect Now on the in the Monitoring | System Status screen, after which
the system prompts you to enter the username and password for the VPN 3002. See the section,
Data Initiation
After the tunnel is established between the VPN 3002 and the central-site VPN Concentrator, the VPN
Concentrator can initiate data exchange only in Network Extension mode with all traffic travelling
through the tunnel. If you want the tunnel to remain up indefinitely, configure the VPN 3002 for Network
Extension mode and do not use split tunneling.
Table 11-1 summarizes instances in which the VPN 3002 and the central-site VPN Concentrator can
initiate data exchange.
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Configuration | Policy Management
Table 11-1 Data Initiation: VPN 3002 and Central-Site VPN Concentrator
VPN 3002 Can Send Central-Site VPN Concentrator Can Send Data
Mode
Tunneling Policy
Data First
First (after VPN 3002 initiates the tunnel)
PAT
All traffic tunneled Yes
No
No
PAT
Split tunneling
enabled
Yes
Network
Extension
All traffic tunneled Yes
Yes
No
Network
Extension
Split tunneling
enabled
Yes
Configuration | Policy Management
The Configuration | Policy Management screen introduces this section of the Manager.
Figure 11-1 Configuration | Policy Managem ent Screen
Traffic Management
To enable or disable PAT, click Traffic Management.
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management
The Manager displays the Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management screen.
Figure 11-2 Configuration | Policy Managem ent | Traffic Managem ent Screen
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT
PAT
To configure PAT (Port Address Translation) click PAT.
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic
Management | PAT
The Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT screen displays.
Figure 11-3 Configuration | Policy Managem ent | Traffic Managem ent | PAT Screen
PAT mode provides many-to-one translation; that is, it translates many private network addresses to the
single address configured on the public network interface.
Enable
To enable PAT, click Enable.
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management |
PAT | Enable
This screen lets you enable or disable PAT, which applies PAT to all configured traffic flowing from the
private interface to the public interface.
Figure 11-4 Configuration | Policy Managem ent | Traffic Managem ent | PAT | Enable Screen
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT | Enable
PAT Enabled
Check the box to enable Client Mode (PAT), or clear it to enable Network Extension Mode.
Note
Remember that to use Network Extension Mode, you must configure an IP address other than the
default for the private interface. If you do not change the IP address of the private interface, you can
not disable PAT.
Apply/Cancel
To enable or disable PAT, and include your setting in the active configuration, click Apply. The Manager
returns to the Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT screen.
Reminder:
To save the active configuration and make it the boot configuration, click the Save Needed icon at the
top of the Manager window.
To discard your entry and leave the active configuration unchanged, click Cancel. The Manager returns
to the Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT screen.
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Chapter 11 Policy Management
Configuration | Policy Management | Traffic Management | PAT | Enable
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C H A P T E R
12
Administration
Administering the VPN 3002 involves activities that keep the system operational and secure.
Configuring the system sets the parameters that govern its use and functionality as a VPN device, but
administration involves higher level activities such as who is allowed to configure the system, and what
software runs on it.
Administration
This section of the Manager lets you control administrative functions on the VPN 3002.
•
•
•
•
Software Update: upload and update the VPN 3002 software image.
System Reboot: set options for VPN 3002 shutdown and reboot.
Ping: use ICMP ping to determine connectivity.
Access Rights: configure administrator profiles, access, and sessions.
–
–
Administrators: configure administrator usernames, passwords, and rights.
Access Settings: set administrative session idle timeout and limits.
•
•
Config File Management: manage configuration files.
–
–
–
View Configuration Files: view the configuration file currently on the VPN 3002.
Swap Configuration Files: swap backup and boot configuration files.
Upload Configuration Files: upload a new configuration file to the VPN 3002.
Certificate Management: install and manage digital certificates.
–
–
–
Enrollment: create a certificate request to send to a Certificate Authority.
Installation: install digital certificates.
Certificates: view, modify, and delete digital certificates.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Software Update
Figure 12-1 Adm inistration Screen
Administration | Software Update
This section of the Manager lets you update the VPN 3002 executable system software. This process
uploads the file to the VPN 3002, which then verifies the integrity of the file.
The new image file must be accessible by the workstation you are using to manage the VPN 3002.
Software image files ship on the Cisco VPN 3002 CD-ROM. Updated or patched versions are available
from the Cisco Website, www.cisco.com, under Service & Support > Software Center.
It takes a few minutes to upload and verify the software, and the system displays the progress. Please
wait for the operation to finish.
To run the new software image, you must reboot the VPN 3002. The system prompts you to reboot when
the update is finished.
We also recommend that you clear your browser cache after you update the software image: delete all
the temporary internet files, history files, and location bar references.
Note
The VPN 3002 has two locations for storing image files: the active location, which stores the image
currently running on the system; and the backup location. Updating the image overwrites the stored
image file in the backup location and makes it the active location for the next reboot. Updating twice,
therefore, overwrites the image file in the active location; and the current image file is lost. The
Manager displays a warning on this screen if you have already updated the image without rebooting.
Caution
Caution
You can update the software image while the system is still operating as a VPN device. Rebooting
the system, however, terminates all active sessions.
While the system is updating the image, do not perform any other operations that affect Flash
memory (listing, viewing, copying, deleting, or writing files.) Doing so might corrupt memory.
Updating the software image also makes available any new Cisco-supplied configurable selections.
When you reboot with the new image, the system updates the active configuration in memory with these
new selections, but it does not write them to the CONFIG file until you click the Save Needed icon in
the Manager window.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Software Update
Figure 12-2 Adm inistration | Software Update Screen
Current Software Revision
The name, version number, and date of the software image currently running on the system.
Browse...
Enter the complete pathname of the new image file, or click Browse... to find and select the file from
your workstation or network. Cisco-supplied VPN 3002 software image files are named:
vpn3002 <Major Version> .<Minor Version>.<Patch Version>.bin; for example,
vpn3002-3.5.Rel-k9.bin.
The Major and Minor Version numbers are always present; the Sustaining and Patch Version numbers
are present only if needed.
Be sure you select the correct file for your VPN 3002; otherwise the update will fail.
Upload/Cancel
To upload the new image file to the VPN3002, click Upload.
To cancel your entries on this screen, or to stop a file upload that is in progress, click Cancel. The
Manager returns to the main Administration screen. If you then return to the Administration | Software
Update screen, you might see a message that a file upload is in progress. Click the highlighted link to
stop it and clear the message.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Software Update
Software Update Progress
This window shows the progress of the software upload. It refreshes the number of bytes transferred at
10-second intervals.
Figure 12-3 Adm inistration | Software Update Progress Window
When the upload is finished, or if the upload is cancelled, the progress window closes.
Software Update Success
The Manager displays this screen when it completes the software upload and verifies the integrity of the
software. To go to the Administration | System Reboot screen, click the highlighted link.
We strongly recommend that you clear your browser cache after you update the software image: delete
all the temporary internet files, history files, and location bar references.
Figure 12-4 Adm inistration | Software Update Success Screen
Software Update Error
This screen appears if there was an error in uploading or verifying the image file. You might have
selected the wrong file. Click the highlighted link to return to the Administration | Software Update
screen and try the update again, or contact Cisco support.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | System Reboot
Figure 12-5 Adm inistration | Software Update Error Screen
Administration | System Reboot
This screen lets you reboot or shutdown (halt) the VPN 3002 with various options.
We strongly recommend that you shut down the VPN 3002 before you turn power off. If you just turn
power off without shutting down, you might corrupt Flash memory and affect subsequent operation of
the system.
If you are logged in the Manager when the system reboots or halts, it automatically logs you out and
displays the main login screen. The browser might appear to hang during a reboot; that is, you cannot
log in and you must wait for the reboot to finish. You can log back in while the VPN 3002 is in a
shutdown state, before you turn power off.
If a delayed reboot or shutdown is pending, the Manager also displays a message that describes when
the action is scheduled to occur.
Note
Reboot or shutdown that does not wait for sessions to terminate, terminates all active sessions
without warning and prevents new user sessions.
The VPN 3002 automatically saves the current event log file as SAVELOG.TXT when it reboots, and it
overwrites any existing file with that name. See Configuration | System | Events | General,
Administration | Config File Management, and Monitoring | Filterable Event Log for more information
on the event log file.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | System Reboot
Figure 12-6 Adm inistration | System Reboot Screen
Action
Click a radio button to select the desired action. You can select only one action.
•
Reboot = Reboot the VPN 3002. Rebooting terminates all sessions, resets the hardware, loads and
verifies the software image, executes system diagnostics, and initializes the system. A reboot takes
about 60-75 seconds. (This is the default selection.)
•
Shutdown without automatic reboot = Shut down the VPN 3002; that is, bring the system to a halt
so you can turn off the power. Shutdown terminates all sessions and prevents new user sessions (but
not administrator sessions). While the system is in a shutdown state, the SYS LEDs blink on the front
panel.
•
Cancel a scheduled reboot/shutdown = Cancel a reboot or shutdown that is waiting for a certain
time or for sessions to terminate. (This is the default selection if a reboot or shutdown is pending.)
Configuration
Click a radio button to select the configuration file handling at reboot. These selections apply to reboot
only. You can select only one option.
•
Save the active configuration at time of reboot = Save the active configuration to the CONFIGfile,
and reboot using that new file.
•
Reboot without saving the active configuration = Reboot using the existing CONFIGfile and
without saving the active configuration. (This is the default selection.)
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Ping
•
Reboot ignoring the Configuration file = Reboot using all the factory defaults; that is, start the
system as if it had no CONFIG file. You will need to go through all the Quick Configuration steps
described in the VPN 3002 Getting Started manual, including setting the system date and time and
supplying an IP address for the Ethernet 1 (private) interface, using the system console. This option
does not destroy any existing CONFIGfile, and it does not reset Administrator parameter settings.
When to Reboot/Shutdown
Click a radio button to select when to reboot or shutdown. You can select only one option.
•
•
Now = Reboot or shutdown as soon as you click Apply. (This is the default selection.)
Delayed by [NN] minutes = Reboot or shutdown NNminutes from when you click Apply, based on
system time. Enter the desired number in the field; the default is 10minutes. (FYI: 1440 minutes =
24 hours.)
•
•
At time [HH:MM] = Reboot or shutdown at the specified system time, based on a 24-hour clock.
Enter the desired time in the field. Use 24-hour notation and enter numbers in all positions. The
default is 10 minutes after the current system time.
Wait for sessions to terminate (do not allow new sessions) = Reboot or shutdown as soon as the
last session terminates, and do not allow any new sessions in the meantime. If you (the
administrator) are the last session, you must log out for the system to reboot or shutdown.
Apply/Cancel
To take action with the selected options, click Apply. The Manager returns to the main Administration
screen if you do not reboot or shutdown now.
To cancel your settings on this screen, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the main Administration
screen. (Note that this Cancel button does not cancel a scheduled reboot or shutdown.)
Administration | Ping
This screen lets you use the ICMP ping(Packet Internet Groper) utility to test network connectivity.
Specifically, the VPN 3002 sends an ICMP Echo Request message to a designated host. If the host is
reachable, it returns an Echo Reply message, and the Manager displays a Success screen. If the host is
not reachable, the Manager displays an Error screen.
You can also Ping hosts from the Administration | Sessions screen.
Figure 12-7 Adm inistration | Ping Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Ping
Address/Hostname to Ping
Enter the IP address or hostname of the system you want to test. (If you configured a DNS server, you
can enter a hostname; otherwise, enter an IP address.) Maximum is 64 characters.
Ping/Cancel
To send the pingmessage, click Ping. The Manager pauses during the test, which might take a few
moments; please wait for the operation to finish. The Manager then displays either a Success or Error
screen; see below.
To cancel your entry on this screen, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the main Administration
screen.
Success (Ping)
If the system is reachable, the Manager displays a Success screen with the name of the tested host.
Figure 12-8 Adm inistration | Ping | Success Screen
Continue
To return to the Administration | Ping screen, click Continue.
Error (Ping)
If the system is unreachable for any reason, host down, ICMP not running on host, route not configured,
intermediate router down, network down or congested, etc., the Manager displays an Error screen with
the name of the tested host. To troubleshoot the connection, try to Ping other hosts that you know are
working.
Figure 12-9 Adm inistration | Ping | Error Screen
To return to the Administration | Ping screen, click Retry the operation.
To go to the main Manager screen, click Go to main menu.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Access Rights
Administration | Access Rights
This section of the Manager lets you configure and control administrative access to the VPN 3002.
•
•
Administrators: configure administrator usernames, passwords, and rights.
Access Settings: set administrative session timeout and limits.
Figure 12-10 Adm inistration | Access Rights Screen
Administration | Access Rights | Administrators
Administrators are special users who can access and change the configuration, administration, and
monitoring functions on the VPN 3002. Only administrators can use the VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Manager.
This section of the Manager lets you change administrator properties and rights. Any changes take effect
as soon as you click Apply.
Figure 12-11 Adm inistration | Access Rights | Adm inistrators Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Access Rights | Administrators
Administrator
The VPN 3002 has three predefined administrators:
•
admin = System administrator with access to, and rights to change, all areas. This is the only
administrator enabled by default; in other words, this is the only administrator who can log in to,
and use, the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager as supplied by Cisco.
•
•
config = Configuration administrator with access rights to Quick Configuration and monitoring
management options only.
monitor = Monitor administrator with rights to monitoring management options only.
Note
The VPN 3002 saves Administrator parameter settings from this screen in nonvolatile memory, not
in the active configuration (CONFIG) file. Thus, these settings are retained even if the system loses
power. These settings are also retained even if you reboot the system with the factory configuration
file.
Password
Enter or edit the unique password for this administrator. Maximum is 31 characters. The field displays
only asterisks.
Note
The default password that Cisco supplies is the same as the username. We strongly recommend that
you change this password.
Verify
Re-enter the password to verify it. The field displays only asterisks.
Enabled
Check the box to enable, or clear the box to disable, an administrator. Only enabled administrators can
log in to, and use, the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager. You must enable at least one administrator,
and you can enable all administrators. By default, only admin is enabled.
Apply/Cancel
To save this screen settings in nonvolatile memory, click Apply. The settings immediately affect new
sessions. The Manager returns to the Administration | Access Rights screen.
To discard your settings or changes, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration | Access
Rights screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Access Rights | Access Settings
Administration | Access Rights | Access Settings
This screen lets you configure general options for administrator access to the Manager.
Figure 12-12 Adm inistration | Access Rights | Access Settings Screen
Session Idle Timeout
Enter the idle timeout period in seconds for administrative sessions. If there is no activity for the period,
the Manager session terminates. Minimum is 1, default is 600, and maximum is 1800 seconds (30
minutes).
The Manager resets the inactivity timer only when you click an action button (Apply, Add, Cancel, etc.)
or a link on a screen—that is, when you invoke a different screen. Entering values or setting parameters
on a given screen does not reset the timer.
Session Limit
Enter the maximum number of simultaneous administrative sessions allowed. Minimum is 1, default is
10, and maximum is 50 sessions.
Encrypt Config File
To encrypt sensitive entries in the CONFIG file, check the box (default). The CONFIG file is in ASCII
text format (.INI format). Check this box to encrypt entries such as passwords, keys, and user
information.
To use clear text for all CONFIG file entries, clear the box. For maximum security, we do not recommend
this option.
Apply/Cancel
To save your settings in the active configuration, click Apply. The Manager returns to the
Administration | Access Rights screen.
To cancel your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration | Access Rights screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | File Management
Administration | File Management
This section of the Manager lets you manage files in VPN 3002 Flash memory. (Flash memory acts like
a disk.) These files include CONFIG, CONFIG.BAK, saved log files, and copies of any of these files
that you have saved under different names.
Figure 12-13 Adm inistration | File Managem ent | View Screen
View (Save)
View Files lets you view configuration and saved log files. You can also save these files to the PC on
which you are viewing them.
To view a file, click View next to the type of file you want to see. The Manager opens a new browser
window to display the file, and the browser address bar shows the filename.
You can also save a copy of the file on the PC that is running the browser. Click the File menu on the
new browser window and select Save As.... The browser opens a dialog box that lets you save the file.
The default filename is the same as on the VPN 3002.
Note
Be sure to save a configuration file as a .TXT file, not a .HTM file. Some browser versions default
to saving the file as an .HTM file, so you may need to change the file type. Saving the file as an .HTM
file causes some data to be added to the top of the configuration file that is not valid configuration
data. If you subsequently upload the file containing the invalid data to the VPN Concentrator or VPN
3002, it may cause unpredictable results.
Alternatively, you can use the secondary mouse button to click View on this Manager screen. A pop-up
menu presents choices whose exact wording depends on your browser, but among them are:
•
•
Open Link, Open Link in New Window, Open in New Window = Open and view the file in a new
browser window, as above.
Save Target As..., Save Link As... = Save a copy of the file on your PC. Your system will prompt
for a filename and location. The default filename is the same as on the VPN 3002.
When you are finished viewing or saving the file, close the new browser window.
Delete
Delete lets you delete configuration and saved log files. To delete a file, click Delete nest to the type of
file you want to delete. When you select this option, a pop-up window displays asking you to confirm
or cancel. If you confirm, the file is deleted; the Manager refreshes the screen and shows the revised list
of files. There is no undo.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | File Management | Swap Config Files
Swap Config Files
Swap Config Files lets you swap the boot configuration file with the backup configuration file. When
you select this option, the Administration | File Management | Swap Config Files window displays.
Config File Upload via HTTP
Config File Upload allows you to upload a configuration file. When you select this option, the
Administration | File Management | Config File Upload window displays.
Administration | File Management | Swap Config Files
This screen lets you swap the boot configuration file with the backup configuration file. Every time you
save the active configuration, the system writes it to the CONFIGfile, which is the boot configuration file;
and it saves the previous CONFIGfile as CONFIG.BAK, the backup configuration file.
To reload the boot configuration file and make it the active configuration, you must reboot the system.
When you click OK, the system automatically goes to the Administration | System Reboot screen, where
you can reboot the system. You can also click the highlighted link to go to that screen.
Figure 12-14 Adm inistration | File Managem ent | Swap Config Files Screen
OK/Cancel
To swap CONFIG and CONFIG.BAK files, click OK. The Manager goes to the Administration | System
Reboot screen.
To leave the files unchanged, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration | File
Management | View screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | File Management | Config File Upload
Administration | File Management | Config File Upload
This screen lets you use HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to transfer a configuration file from your
PC, or a system accessible from your PC, to the VPN 3002 Flash memory.
This function provides special handling for configuration (config) files. If the uploaded file has the VPN
3002 filename config, the system deletes any existing config.bakfile, renames the existing configfile
as config.bak, then writes the new configfile. However, these actions occur only if the file transfer is
successful, so existing files are not corrupted.
To use these functions, you must have Administrator or Configuration Access Rights. See the
Administration | Access Rights | Administrators screen.
Figure 12-15 Adm inistration | File Managem ent | Config File Upload Screen
Local Config File/Browse...
Enter the name of the file on your PC. In a Windows environment, enter the complete pathname using
MS-DOS syntax; for example, c:\vpn3002\config0077. You can also click the Browse button to open a
file navigation window, find the file, and select it.
Upload/Cancel
To upload the file to the VPN 3002, click Upload. The Manager opens the File Upload Progress window.
To cancel your entries on this screen, or to stop a file upload that is in progress, click Cancel. The
Manager returns to the Administration | File Management | View screen. Stopping an upload might leave
a temporary file in VPN 3002 Flash memory. Such files are named TnnnF.nnn (for example, T003F.002).
You can delete them on the Administration | File Management | View Config Files screen.
File Upload Progress
This window shows the progress of the file upload. It refreshes the number of bytes transferred at
10-second intervals.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | File Management | Config File Upload
Figure 12-16 Adm inistration | File Managem ent | File Upload Progress Window
When the upload is finished, or if the upload is cancelled, the progress window closes.
File Upload Success
The Manager displays this screen to confirm that the file upload was successful.
Figure 12-17 Adm inistration | Config File Managem ent | Upload Success Screen
To go to the Administration | Config File Management | View screen and examine files in flash memory,
click the highlighted link.
File Upload Error
The Manager displays this screen if there was an error during the file upload and the transfer was not
successful. Flash memory might be full, or the file transfer might have been interrupted or cancelled.
Figure 12-18 Adm inistration | Config File Managem ent | Upload Error Screen
Click the link, Click here to see the list of files, to go to the Administration | File Management | View
screen and examine space and files in Flash memory.
Click the link, Click here to return to File Upload, to return to the Administration | File Management
| File Upload screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Digital certificates are a form of digital identification used for authentication. Certificate Authorities
(CAs) issue them in the context of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which uses public-key/private-key
encryption to ensure security. CAs are trusted authorities who “sign” (issue) certificates to verify their
authenticity.
A CA certificate is one used to sign other certificates. A CA certificate that is self-signed is called a root
certificate; one issued by another CA certificate is called a subordinate certificate. CAs also issue
identity certificates, which are the certificates for specific systems or hosts. There can be up to six root
or subordinate CA certificates (including supporting RA certificates) but only one identity certificate on
a VPN 3002.
The VPN 3002 supports X.509 digital certificates (International Telecommunications Union
Recommendation X.509), including SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificates that are self-signed or
issued in a PKI context.
The VPN 3002 stores digital certificates and private keys in Flash memory. You do not need to click
Save Needed to store them, and they are not visible under Administration | File Management. All stored
private keys are encrypted.
The VPN 3002 can have only one SSL certificate installed. If you generate a self-signed SSL certificate,
it replaces any installed PKI-context SSL certificate; and vice-versa.
Enrolling and Installing Digital Certificates
To obtain a digital certificate for the VPN 3002 you must first enroll with a CA. To enroll with a CA,
create an enrollment request and submit it to your CA. The CA enrolls the VPN 3002 into the PKI and
issues you a certificate. Once you have the certificate, you then have to install it on the VPN 3002.
Note
You must first install a CA certificate before you enroll identity certificates from that CA.
You can enroll and install digital certificates on the VPN 3002 automatically or manually. The automatic
method uses the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) to streamline enrollment and
installation. SCEP is a secure messaging protocol that requires minimal user intervention. This method
is quicker and allows you to enroll and install certificates using only the Manager, but is only available
if you are both enrolling with a CA that supports SCEP and enrolling via the web. If your CA does not
support SCEP or if you do not have network connectivity to your CA, then you cannot use the automatic
method; you must use the manual method.
The manual method involves more steps. You can do some of the steps using the Manager. Other steps
require that you exchange information with the CA directly. (You deliver your enrollment request and
receive the certificate from the CA via the Internet, email, or a floppy disk.)
Whether you use the automatic or manual method, you follow the same overall certificate management
procedure:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Install one or more CA certificates.
Enroll and install identity and SSL certificates.
Enable digital certificates on the VPN 3002.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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If you have trouble enrolling or installing digital certificates via SCEP, enable both the CLIENT and
CERT event classes to assist in troubleshooting.
Digital certificates indicate the time frame during which they are valid. Therefore, it is essential that the
time on the VPN 3002 is correct and synchronized with network time. See Configuration | System |
Servers | NTP and Configuration | System | General | Time and Date.
You must complete the enrollment and certificate installation process within one week of generating the
request. If you do not, the pending request is deleted.
Installing CA Certificates Automatically Using SCEP
If you plan to use SCEP to enroll for identity or SSL certificates, you must obtain the associated CA
certificate using SCEP. The Manager does not let you enroll for a certificate from a CA unless that CA
was installed using SCEP. A certificate that is obtained via SCEP and therefore capable of issuing other
SCEP certificates is called SCEP-enabled.
Tip
In order to obtain CA certificates using SCEP, you need to know the URL of your CA. Find out your
CA’s URL before beginning the following steps.
Step 1
Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager, display the Administration | Certificate Management
Figure 12-19 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Step 2
Click Click here to install a CA certificate.
Note
The Click here to install a CA certificate option is only available from this window when no
CA certificates are installed on the VPN 3002. If you do not see this option, click Click here
to install a certificate. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management
| Install screen. Then click Install CA Certificate.
The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Install | CA Certificate screen. (See
Figure 12-20 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate
Step 3
Click SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol). The Manager displays the Administration |
Figure 12-21 The Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate | SCEP Screen
Step 4
Fill in the fields and click Retrieve. For more information on this screen, see the “Administration |
The Manager installs the CA certificate on the VPN 3002 and displays the Administration |
Certificate Management screen. Your new CA certificate appears in the Certificate Authorities table.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Installing CA Certificates Manually
Note
If you install a CA certificate using the manual method, you cannot use this CA later to request
identity or SSL certificates with SCEP. If you want to be able to use SCEP to request certificates,
obtain the CA certificate using SCEP.
Step 1
Step 2
Retrieve a CA certificate from your CA and download it to your PC.
Using the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager, display the Administration | Certificate Management
Step 3
Click Click here to install a CA certificate.
Note
The Click here to install a CA certificate option is available from this window only when no
CA certificates are installed on the VPN 3002. If you do not see this option, click Click here
to install a certificate. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management
| Install screen. Then click Install CA Certificate.
The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Install | CA Certificate screen.
Figure 12-22 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate
Step 4
Step 5
Choose either of the following installation methods: Cut & Paste Text or Upload File from
Workstation.
The Manager displays a screen appropriate to your choice. Include the certificate information according
to your chosen method. Click Install.The Manager installs the CA Certificate on the VPN 3002 and
displays the Administration | Certificate Management screen. Your new CA Certificate appears in the
Certificate Authorities table.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Certificate Management
Enrolling and Installing Identity Certificates
When you generate a request for an identity certificate, you need to provide the following information.
Tip
Check to be sure that you have this information before you begin.
Table 12-1 Fields in a Certificate Request
Abbrev-
Field Name
iation
Manual SCEP Recommended Content
Common Name
CN
Yes
Yes
The primary identity of the entity associated with the certificate,
for example, Engineering VPN. Spaces are allowed. You must
enter a name in this field.
If you are requesting an SSL certificate, enter the IP address or
domain name you use to connect to this VPN 3002, for example:
10.10.147.2.
Organizational Unit
OU
Yes
Yes
The name of the department or other organizational unit to which
this VPN 3002 belongs, for example: CPU Design. Spaces are
allowed.
Organization
Locality
O
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The name of the company or organization to which this VPN 3002
belongs, for example: Cisco Systems. Spaces are allowed.
L
The city or town where this VPN 3002 is located, for example:
San Jose. Spaces are allowed.
State/Province
SP
The state or province where this VPN 3002 is located, for
example: California. Spell the name out completely; do not
abbreviate. Spaces are allowed.
Country
C
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The country where this VPN 3002 is located, for example: US.
Use two characters, no spaces, and no periods. This two-character
code must conform to ISO 3166 country codes.
Subject Alternative Name FQDN
(Fully Qualified Domain
Name)
The fully qualified domain name that identifies this VPN 3002 in
this PKI, for example: vpn3030.cisco.com. This field is optional.
The alternative name is an additional data field in the certificate
that provides interoperability with many Cisco IOS and PIX
systems in LAN-to-LAN connections.
Subject Alternative Name E-mail
(E-mail Address)
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
The e-mail address of the VPN 3002 user.
Challenge Password
-
This field appears if you are requesting a certificate using SCEP.
Use this field according to the policy of your CA:
•
Your CA might have given you a password. If so, enter it here
for authentication.
•
Your CA might allow you to provide your own password to
use to identify yourself to the CA in the future. If so, create
your password here.
•
Your CA might not require a password. If so, leave this field
blank.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Table 12-1 Fields in a Certificate Request
Verify Challenge Password -
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Re-enter the challenge password.
Key Size
-
The algorithm for generating the public-key/private-key pair, and
the key size. If you are requesting an SSL certificate, of if you are
requesting an identity certificate using SCEP, only the RSA
options are available.
•
•
•
RSA 512 bits = Generate 512-bit keys using the RSA (Rivest,
Shamir, Adelman) algorithm. This key size provides
sufficient security and is the default selection. It is the most
common, and requires the least processing.
RSA 768 bits = Generate 768-bit keys using the RSA
algorithm. This key size provides normal security. It requires
approximately 2 to 4 times more processing than the 512-bit
key.
RSA 1024 bits = Generate 1024-bit keys using the RSA
algorithm. This key size provides high security, and it
requires approximately 4 to 8 times more processing than the
512-bit key.
Yes
No
•
•
•
DSA 512 bits = Generate 512-bit keys using DSA (Digital
Signature Algorithm).
DSA 768 bits = Generate 768-bit keys using the DSA
algorithm.
DSA 1024 bits = Generate 1024-bit keys using the DSA
algorithm.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Certificate Management
Enrolling and Installing Identity Certificates Automatically Using SCEP
Follow these steps for each identity certificate you want to obtain:
Step 1
Step 2
Click Click here to enroll with a Certificate Authority. The Manager displays the Administration |
Figure 12-23 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll Screen.
Step 3
Click Identity Certificate. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll
Figure 12-24 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate Screen
Notice that a link appears corresponding to each SCEP-enabled CA certificate on the VPN 3002. The
title of the link depends on the name of the CA certificate: Enroll via SCEP at Certificate Name. For
example, if you have a CA certificate on your VPN 3002 named “TestCA6-8,” the following link
appears: Enroll via SCEP at TestCA6-8.
If you do not see any Enroll via SCEP options, there are no SCEP-enabled CA certificates on the VPN
3002. Follow the steps in the “Installing CA Certificates Automatically Using SCEP” section to obtain
a CA certificate via SCEP before you proceed.
Step 4
Click Enroll via SCEP at Certificate Name. The Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll |
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Figure 12-25 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate | SCEP Screen
Step 5
Fill in the fields and click Enroll. (For information on the fields on this screen, see Table 12-1.) The
VPN 3002 sends the certificate request to the CA.
If the CA does not issue the certificate immediately (some CAs require manual verification of credentials
and this can take time), the certificate request could enter polling mode. In polling mode, the VPN 3002
re-sends the certificate request to the CA a specified number of times at regular intervals until the CA
responds or the process times out. (For information on configuring the polling limit and interval, see the
Administration | Certificate Management | Configure CA Certificate screen.) The certificate request
appears in the Enrollment Status table on the Administration | Certificate Management screen until the
CA responds. Once the CA responds and issues the certificate, the VPN 3002 checks to see if it already
has an active certificate. If there is no active certificate, the VPN 3002 installs the new certificate
automatically. If there already is an active certificate, the new certificate appears in the Enrollment
Status table; you have to activate it manually.
If the CA responds immediately, the Manager installs the identity certificate on the VPN 3002 and
displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment | Request Generated screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Figure 12-26 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enrollm ent | Request Generated Screen
Step 6
Click Go to Certificate Management. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate
Management screen. Your new identity certificate appears in the Identity Certificates table.
Enrolling and Installing Identity Certificates Manually
If you need to obtain identity certificates using the manual process, use the following general procedure:
•
•
Using the Manager, generate a certificate enrollment request (PKCS-10).
(Via the web, email, or floppy disk) send this enrollment request to your chosen CA. Request an
identity certificate from your CA and download it to your PC.
•
Again using the Manager, install the identity certificate on the VPN 3002.
Follow these steps to generate a certificate enrollment request (PKCS-10):
Step 1
Step 2
Click Click here to enroll with a Certificate Authority. The Manager displays the Administration |
Step 3
Step 4
Click Identity Certificate. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll
Click Enroll via PKCS10 Request (Manual). The Manager displays the Administration |
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Figure 12-27 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate | PKCS10 Screen
Step 5
Fill in the fields and click Enroll. (For information on the fields on this screen, see Table 12-1.) The
Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment | Request Generated screen.
Figure 12-28 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enrollm ent | Request Generated Screen
Step 6
Copy the enrollment request to the clipboard.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Step 7
Using the enrollment request you just generated, retrieve an identity certificate from your CA and
download it to your PC according to the procedures outlined by the CA.
Step 8
Step 9
Click Click here to install a certificate. The Manager displays the Administration |
Figure 12-29 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install Screen
Step 10 Click Install certificate obtained via enrollment. The Manager displays the Administration |
Figure 12-30 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install |
Certificate Obtained via Enrollm ent Screen
Step 11 Find your enrollment request in the Enrollment Status table. Click Install. The Manager displays the
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Identity Certificate screen. (See Figure 12-31.)
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Figure 12-31 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | Identity Certificate Screen
Step 12 Choose either installation method: Cut & Paste Text or Upload File from Workstation
Step 13 The Manager displays a screen appropriate to your choice. Include the certificate information according
to your chosen method. Click Install. The Manager installs the identity certificate on the VPN 3002 and
displays the Administration | Certificate Management screen. Your new identity Certificate appears in
the Identity Certificates table.
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Obtaining SSL Certificates
If you use a secure connection between your browser and the VPN 3002, the VPN 3002 requires an SSL
certificate. You only need one SSL certificate on your VPN 3002.
When you initially boot the VPN 3002, a self-signed SSL certificate is automatically generated. Because
a self-signed certificate is self-generated, this certificate is not verifiable. No CA has guaranteed its
identity. But this certificate allows you to make initial contact with the VPN 3002 using the browser. If
you want to replace it with another self-signed SSL certificate, follow these steps:
Step 1
Step 2
Click Generate above the SSL Certificate table. The new certificate appears in the SSL Certificate
table, replacing the existing one.
If you want to obtain a verifiable SSL certificate (that is, one issued by a CA), follow the same procedure
you used to obtain identity certificates. (See the Enrolling and Installing Identity Certificates section.)
But this time, on the Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll screen, click SSL certificate
(instead of Identity certificate).
Some web servers export their SSL certificates with the private key attached. If you have a
PEM-encoded certificate with a corresponding private key that you want to install, follow the same
procedure you used to obtain identity certificates. (See the Enrolling and Installing Identity Certificates
section.) But this time, on the Administration | Certificate Management | Installation screen, click Install
SSL certificate with private key (instead of Install certificate obtained via enrollment).
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Chapter 12 Administration
Certificate Management
Enabling Digital Certificates on the VPN 3002
Note
Before you enable digital certificates on the VPN 3002, you must obtain at least one CA and one
identity certificate. If you do not have a CA and an identity certificate installed on your VPN 3002,
beginning this section.
For the VPN 3002 to use the digital certificates you obtained, you must enable authentication using
digital certificates.
Step 1
Figure 12-32 Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols | IPSec Screen
Step 2
Step 3
Check the Use Certificate check box.
Select a Certificate Transmission option. If you want the VPN 3002 to send the peer the identity
certificate and all issuing certificates (including the root certificate and any subordinate CA certificates),
click Entire certificate chain. If you want to send the peer only the identity certificate, click Identity
certificate only.
Step 4
Step 5
Click Apply. The Manager returns to the Configuration | System | Tunneling Protocols screen.
Click the Save Needed icon.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Deleting Digital Certificates
Delete digital certificates in the following order:
1. Identity or SSL certificates
2. Subordinate certificates
3. Root certificates
Note
You cannot delete a certificate if it is in use by an SA, if it is the issuer of another installed certificate,
or if it is referenced in an active certificate request.
Follow these steps to delete certificates:
Step 1
Step 2
Find the certificate you want to delete and click Delete. The Administration | Certificate Management |
Delete screen appears.
Figure 12-33 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Delete Screen
Step 3
Step 4
Click Yes. The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate Management window.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management
Administration | Certificate Management
This section of the Manager shows outstanding enrollment requests and all the certificates installed on
the VPN 3002, and it lets you manage them.
The links at the top of this screen guide you step-by-step through the process of enrolling and installing
•
To install a CA certificate (via SCEP or manually), click on Click Here to Install a CA Certificate.
Note
The Click here to install a CA certificate option is only available from this window when
no CA certificates are installed on the VPN 3002. If you do not see this option, click
Click here to install a certificate. The Manager displays the Administration |
Certificate Management | Install. Then click Install CA Certificate.
•
•
To create an SSL or identity certificate enrollment request, click on Click Here to Enroll with a
Certificate Authority.
To install the certificate obtained via enrollment, click on Click Here to Install a Certificate.
The VPN 3002 notifies you (by issuing a severity 3 CERT class event) if any of the installed certificates
are within one month of expiration.
The Manager displays this screen each time you install a digital certificate.
Figure 12-34 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management
Certificate Authorities Table
This table shows root and subordinate CA certificates installed on the VPN 3002.
Fields
These fields appear in the Certificate Authorities table:
Field
Content
Subject/Issuer
The Common Name (CN) or Organizational Unit (OU) (if present), plus the
Organization (O) in the Subject and Issuer fields of the certificate. The
format is CN at O, OU at O, or just O; for example, Root 2 at CyberTrust.
The CN, OU, and O fields display a maximum of 33 characters each. See
Administration | Certificate Management | Certificates | View.
Expiration
The expiration date of the certificate. The date format is MM/DD/YYYY.
SCEP Issuer
In order for a certificate to be available for SCEP enrollment, it must be
installed via SCEP. This field indicates if the certificate is SCEP-enabled.
•
•
Yes = This certificate can issue identity and SSL certificates via SCEP.
No = This certificate cannot issue certificates via SCEP.
Note
If you want to use a certificate for SCEP enrollment, but that
certificate is not SCEP-enabled, reinstall it using SCEP.
Actions
This column allows you to manage particular certificates. The actions
available vary with type and status of the certificate.
•
•
View = View details of this certificate.
Configure = Enable CRL (Certificate Revocation List) checking for this
CA certificate, modify SCEP parameters, or enable acceptance of
subordinate CA certificates.
•
•
Delete = Delete this certificate from the VPN 3002.
Show RAs = SCEP-enabled CA certificates sometimes have supporting
(RA) certificates. View details of these certificates. (Only available for
CA certificates.)
•
Hide RAs = Hide the details of the RA certificates.
Identity Certificates Table
This table shows installed server identity certificates. For a description of the fields in this table, see the
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management
SSL Certificate Table [ Generate ]
This table shows the SSL server certificate installed on the VPN 3002. The system can have only one
SSL server certificate installed: either a self-signed certificate or one issued in a PKI context.
To generate a self-signed SSL server certificate, click Generate. The system uses parameters set on the
Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL screen and generates the certificate. The new
certificate replaces any existing SSL certificate.
For a description of the fields in this table, see the “Certificate Authorities Table” section on page 12-32.
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Fields
These fields appear in the Certificate Authorities, Identity Certificates, or SSL Certificate tables:
Field
Content
Subject/Issuer
The Common Name (CN) or Organizational Unit (OU) (if present), plus the
Organization (O) in the Subject and Issuer fields of the certificate. The
format is CN at O, OU at O, or just O; for example, Root 2 at CyberTrust.
The CN, OU, and O fields display a maximum of 33 characters each. See
Administration | Certificate Management | Certificates | View.
Expiration
The expiration date of the certificate. The date format is MM/DD/YYYY.
SCEP Issuer
In order for a certificate to be available for SCEP enrollment, it must be
installed via SCEP. This field indicates if the certificate is SCEP-enabled.
•
•
Yes = This certificate can issue identity and SSL certificates via SCEP.
No = This certificate cannot issue certificates via SCEP.
Note
If you want to use a certificate for SCEP enrollment, but that
certificate is not SCEP-enabled, reinstall it using SCEP.
Actions
This column allows you to manage particular certificates. The actions
available vary with type and status of the certificate.
•
•
View = View details of this certificate.
Configure = Enable CRL (Certificate Revocation List) checking for this
CA certificate, modify SCEP parameters, or enable acceptance of
subordinate CA certificates.
•
•
Delete = Delete this certificate from the VPN 3002.
Show RAs = SCEP-enabled CA certificates sometimes have supporting
(RA) certificates. View details of these certificates. (Only available for
CA certificates.)
•
Hide RAs = Hide the details of the RA certificates.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management
Enrollment Status Table
This table tracks the status of active enrollment requests.
The VPN 3002 supports one (installed) identity certificate and one (outstanding) enrollment request. If
you currently have an identity certificate on your VPN 3002 and you want to change it, you can request
a second certificate, but the VPN 3002 does not install this certificate immediately. The new certificate
appears in the Enrollment Status table; you must activate it manually.
The VPN 3002 automatically deletes entries that have the status “Timedout,” “Failed,” “Cancelled,” or
“Error” and are older than one week.
[Remove All:]
Click a Remove All option to delete all enrollment requests of a particular status.
•
•
•
•
Errored = Delete all enrollment requests with the status “Error.”
Timed-out = Delete all enrollment requests with the status “Timed-out.”
Rejected = Delete all enrollment requests with the status “Rejected.”
Cancelled = Delete all enrollment requests with the status “Cancelled.”
Fields
These fields appear in the Enrollment Status table:
Field
Content
Subject/Issuer
The Common Name (CN) or Organizational Unit (OU) (if present), plus the
Organization (O) in the Subject and Issuer fields of the certificate. The
format is CN at O, OU at O, or just O; for example, Root 2 at CyberTrust.
The CN, OU, and O fields display a maximum of 33 characters each. See
Administration | Certificate Management | Certificates | View.
Date
The original date of enrollment.
Use
The type of certificate: identity or SSL.
The type of enrollment: initial, re-enrollment, or re-key.
The method of enrollment: SCEP or manual.
Reason
Method
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Chapter 12 Administration
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Field
Content
Status
•
•
•
In Progress = The request has been created, but the requested certificate
has not yet been installed. This value is used only for PKCS10 (manual)
enrollment requests.
Polling = The CA did not immediately fulfill the enrollment request; the
VPN 3002 has entered polling mode. This value is used only for
enrollment request created using SCEP.
Timedout = The SCEP polling cycle has ended after reaching the
configured maximum number of retries. This value is used only for
enrollment request created using SCEP.
•
•
•
•
•
Rejected = The CA refused to issue the certificate. This value is used
only for enrollment request created using SCEP.
Cancelled = The certificate request was cancelled while the VPN 3002
was in polling mode.
Complete = The CA has fulfilled the renewal request. To bring this new
certificate into service, click Activate.
Error = An error occurred during the enrollment process. Enrollment
was stopped.
Submitting = The certificate request is being sent to the CA.
Actions
This column allows you to manage enrollments requests. The actions
available vary with the type and status of the enrollment request.
•
•
View = View details of this enrollment request.
Install = Install the enrollment request. This action is available only for
PKCS10 (manual) enrollment requests.
•
•
Cancel = Cancel a request that is pending. This action is available only
for SCEP enrollment requests with “Polling” status.
Re-submit = Re-initiate SCEP communications with the CA or RA using
the previously entered request information. This action is available only
for SCEP enrollment requests.
•
•
Activate = Bring this certificate into service.
Delete = Delete an enrollment request from the VPN 3002.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll
Choose whether you are creating an enrollment request for an identity certificate or an SSL certificate.
Figure 12-35 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll Screen
Identity Certificate
Click Identity Certificate to create a certificate request for an identity certificate. The Manager displays
the Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Identity Certificate screen.
SSL Certificate
Click SSL Certificate to create a certificate request for an SSL certificate. The Manager displays the
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | SSL Certificate screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Certificate Type
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Certificate
Type
Choose the method for enrolling the (identity or SSL) certificate.
Figure 12-36 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate Screen
Enroll via PKCS10 Request (Manual)
Click Enroll via PKCS10 Request (Manual) to enroll the certificate manually.
Enroll via SCEP at [Name of SCEP CA]
You can enroll certificates using SCEP only if you installed the CA certificate using SCEP. One Enroll
via SCEP at [Name of SCEP CA] link appears on this screen for each CA certificate on the VPN 3002
that was installed using SCEP. To see which CA certificates on your VPN 3002 were installed using
SCEP, see the Certificate Authorities table on the Administration | Certificate Management screen.
“Yes” in the SCEP Issuer column indicates that the CA certificate was installed using SCEP; “No”
indicates it was installed manually.
If no CA certificate on the VPN 3002 was installed using SCEP, then no Enroll via SCEP at [Name of
SCEP CA] link appears on this screen. You do not have the option of using SCEP to enroll the certificate.
Click Enroll via SCEP at [Name of SCEP CA] to enroll the certificate automatically using SCEP.
Install a New SA Using SCEP before Enrolling
If you want to install a certificate using SCEP, but no Enroll via SCEP at [Name of SCEP CA] link
appears here, click Install a new SA Using SCEP before Enrolling. Install a CA certificate using SCEP,
then return to this screen to install the certificate. A SCEP link now appears.
<< Go back and choose a different type of certificate
Click << Go back and choose a different type of certificate to return to the Administration |
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Certificate Type | PKCS10
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Certificate
Type | PKCS10
To generate an enrollment request for an SSL or identity certificate, you need to provide information
about the VPN 3002.
Figure 12-37 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate via PKCS10 Screen
Fields
Enroll / Cancel
To generate the certificate request, click Enroll. The Manager displays the Administration |
your certificate.
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
Certificate Management screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment or Renewal | Request Generated
Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment or
Renewal | Request Generated
The Manager displays this screen when the system has successfully generated a certificate request. The
request is a Base-64 encoded file in PKCS-10 format (Public Key Certificate Syntax-10), which most
CAs recognize or require. The system automatically saves this file in Flash memory with the filename
shown in the screen (pkcsNNNN.txt). You can select and copy the request to the clipboard, or you can
save it as a file on your PC or a network host. Some CAs let you paste the request in a web interface,
some ask you to send a file; use the method your CA requires.
In generating the request, the system also generates the private key used in the PKI process. That key
remains on the VPN 3002, and it is not visible.
Note
You must complete the enrollment and certificate installation process within one week of generating
the request.
Figure 12-38 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enrollm ent | Request Generated Screen
To go to the Administration | File Management | Files screen, click the highlighted File Management
page link. From there you can view, copy, or delete the file in Flash memory.
Go to Certificate Management
If you want to view the certificate request, click Go to Certificate Management. The Manager displays
Go to Certificate Enrollment
If you want to enroll another certificate, click Go to Certificate Enrollment. The Manager displays the
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | Identity Certificate | SCEP
Go to Certificate Installation
If you want to install the certificate you have just enrolled, click Go to Certificate Installation. The
Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Install screen.
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll |
Identity Certificate | SCEP
To generate an enrollment request for an identity certificate, you need to provide information about the
VPN 3002.
Figure 12-39 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | Identity Certificate | SCEP Screen
Fields
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | SSL Certificate | SCEP
Enroll / Cancel
To generate the certificate request and install the identity certificate on the VPN 3002, click Enroll. The
Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment | Request Generated screen.
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll |
SSL Certificate | SCEP
To generate an enrollment request for an SSL certificate, you need to provide information about the
VPN 3002.
Figure 12-40 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Enroll | SSL Certificate | SCEP Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | SSL Certificate | SCEP
Fields
Enroll
To generate the certificate request and install the SSL certificate on the VPN 3002, click Enroll. The
Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Enrollment | Request Generated screen.
If there is already an active request for an SSL certificate, this error message appears.
To return to the Administration | Certificate Management | Enroll | SSL Certificate | SCEP screen, click
Retry the operation.
To return to the Main screen, click Return to main menu.
Cancel
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager displays the Administration |
Certificate Management screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install
Administration | Certificate Management | Install
Choose the type of certificate you want to install.
Figure 12-41 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install Screen
Install CA Certificate
If you want to install a CA certificate, click Install CA Certificate. The Manager displays the
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | CA Certificate screen.
Install SSL Certificate with Private Key
Some web servers export their SSL certificates with the private key attached. If you have a
PEM-encoded certificate with a corresponding private key that you want to install, click Install SSL
Certificate with Private Key. The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management |
Install | SSL Certificate with Private Key screen.
Install Certificate Obtained via Enrollment
If you want to install a certificate manually that you have obtained by enrolling a certificate request with
a CA, click Install Certificate Obtained via Enrollment. The Manager displays the Administration |
Certificate Management | Install Certificate Obtained via Enrollment screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Obtained via Enrollment
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate
Obtained via Enrollment
Once you have enrolled a certificate, you can install it. This screen allows you to install an enrolled
certificate.
Figure 12-42 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install |
Certificate Obtained via Enrollm ent Screen
Enrollment Status Table
For a description of the fields in this table, see the “Enrollment Status Table” section on page 12-35.
<< Go back and choose a different type of certificate
If you do not want to install a certificate that you have obtained via filing an enrollment request with
your CA, click << Go back and choose a different type of certificate. The Manager returns to the
Administration | Certificate Management | Install screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate
Type
Choose the method you want to use to install the certificate.
Figure 12-43 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate
SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol)
Note
This option is available only for CA certificates.
If you want to install the CA certificate automatically using SCEP, click SCEP (Simple Certificate
Enrollment Protocol). The Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Install |
Cut & Paste Text
If you want to cut and paste the certificate using a browser window, click Cut & Paste Text. The
Manager displays the Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type | Cut & Paste
Upload File from Workstation
If your CA certificate is stored in a file, click Upload File from Workstation. The Manager displays
the Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type | Upload File from Workstation
<< Go back and choose a different type of certificate
If you do not want to install a CA certificate, click << Go back and choose a different type of
certificate to display the Administration | Certificate Management | Install screen. (See Figure 12-41.)
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | CA Certificate | SCEP
Administration | Certificate Management | Install |
CA Certificate | SCEP
In this screen, provide information about the certificate authority in order to retrieve and install a CA
certificate automatically using SCEP.
Figure 12-44 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate | SCEP Screen
URL
Enter the URL of the SCEP interface of the CA.
CA Descriptor
Some CAs use descriptors to further identify the certificate. If your CA gave you a descriptor, enter it
here. Otherwise enter a descriptor of your own. You must enter something in this field.
Retrieve / Cancel
To retrieve a CA certificate from the CA and install it on the VPN 3002, click Retrieve.
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type | Cut and Paste Text
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate
Type | Cut and Paste Text
To install the certificate using the manual method, cut and paste the certificate text into the Certificate
Text window.
Figure 12-45 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate |
Cut and Paste Text Screen
Certificate Text
Paste the PEM or base-64 encoded certificate text from the clipboard into this window.
If you are installing an SSL certificate with a private key, include the encrypted private key.
Password
Note
This field appears only if you are installing an SSL certificate with a private key.
Enter a password for decrypting the private key.
Install / Cancel
To install the certificate on the VPN 3002, click Install.
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate Type | Upload File from Workstation
Administration | Certificate Management | Install | Certificate
Type | Upload File from Workstation
If you want to install a certificate stored on your PC, use this screen to upload the certificate file to the
VPN 3002.
Figure 12-46 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Install | CA Certificate |
Upload File from Workstation Screen
Filename / Browse
Enter the name of the CA certificate file that is on your PC. In a Windows environment, enter the
complete pathname using MS-DOS syntax, for example: c:\Temp\certnew.cer. You can also click the
Browse button to open a file navigation window, find the file, and select it.
Password
Note
This field appears only if you are installing an SSL certificate with a private key.
Enter a password for decrypting the private key.
Install / Cancel
To install the certificate on the VPN 3002, click Install.
To discard your entries and cancel the request, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | View
Administration | Certificate Management | View
The Manager displays this screen of certificate details when you click View for a certificate on the
Administration | Certificate Management | Certificates screen. The details vary depending on the
certificate content.
The content and format for certificate details are governed by ITU (International Telecommunication
Union) X.509 standards, specifically RFC 2459. The Subject and Issuer fields conform to ITU X.520.
This screen is read-only; you cannot change any information here.
Figure 12-47 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | View Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | View
Certificate Fields
A certificate contains some or all of the following fields:
Field
Content
Subject
The person or system that uses the certificate. For a CA root certificate, the
Subject and Issuer are the same.
Issuer
The CA or other entity (jurisdiction) that issued the certificate.
Subject and Issuer consist of a specific-to-general identification hierarchy: CN,
OU, O, L, SP, and C. These labels and acronyms conform to X.520
terminology, and they echo the fields on the Administration | Certificate
Management | Enrollment screen.
CN
Common Name: the name of a person, system, or other entity. This is the
lowest (most specific) level in the identification hierarchy.
For the VPN 3002 self-signed SSL certificate, the CN is the IP address on the
Ethernet 1 (Private) interface at the time the certificate is generated. SSL
compares this CN with the address you use to connect to the VPN 3002 via
HTTPS, as part of its validation.
OU
O
Organizational Unit: the subgroup within the organization (O).
Organization: the name of the company, institution, agency, association, or
other entity.
L
Locality: the city or town where the organization is located.
SP
C
State/Province: the state or province where the organization is located.
Country: the two-letter country abbreviation. These codes conform to ISO
3166 country abbreviations.
Serial Number
The serial number of the certificate. Each certificate issued by a CA must be
unique among all certificates issued by that CA. CRL checking uses this serial
number.
Signing Algorithm
The cryptographic algorithm that the CA or other issuer used to sign this
certificate.
Public Key Type
Certificate Usage
The algorithm and size of the certified public key.
The purpose of the key contained in the certificate, for example: digital
signature, certificate signing, nonrepudiation, key or data encipherment, etc.
MD5 Thumbprint
A 128-bit MD5 hash of the complete certificate contents, shown as a 16-byte
string. This value is unique for every certificate, and it positively identifies the
certificate.
If you question a root certificate’s authenticity, you can check this value with
the issuer.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | View
Field
Content
SHA1 Thumbprint
A 160-bit SHA-1 hash of the complete certificate contents, shown as a 20-byte
string. This value is unique for every certificate, and it positively identifies the
certificate. If you question a certificate’s authenticity, you can check this value
with the issuer.
Validity
The time period during which this certificate is valid.
Format is MM/DD/YYYY at HH:MM:SS to MM/DD/YYYY at HH:MM:SS.
Time uses 24-hour notation, and is local system time.
The Manager checks the validity against the VPN 3002 system clock, and it
flags expired certificates in event log entries.
Subject Alternative
Name (Fully
Qualified Domain
Name)
The fully qualified domain name for this VPN 3002 that identifies it in this
PKI. The alternative name is an optional additional data field in the certificate,
and it provides inter operability with many Cisco IOS and PIX systems in
LAN-to-LAN connections.
CRL Distribution
Point
The distribution point for CRLs from the issuer of this certificate. If this
information is included in the certificate in the proper format, and you enable
CRL checking, you do not have to provide it on the Administration | Certificate
Management | Configure CA Certificate screen.
Back
To return to the Administration | Certificate Management screen, click Back.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Configure CA Certificate
Administration | Certificate Management |
Configure CA Certificate
This screen lets you configure this CA certificate to be able to issue identity certificates via SCEP.
Figure 12-48 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Configure CA Certificate Screen
Certificate
The certificate for which you are configuring SCEP parameters. This is the name in the Subject field of
the Certificate Authorities table on the Administration | Certificate Management screen.
SCEP Configuration
Enrollment URL
Enter the URL where the VPN 3002 should send SCEP enrollment requests made to this CA certificate.
The default value of this field is the URL used to download this CA certificate.
Polling Interval
If the CA does not issue the certificate immediately (some CAs require manual verification of credentials
and this can take time), the certificate request could enter polling mode. In polling mode, the VPN 3002
re-sends the certificate request to the CA over a specified period until the CA responds or the process
times out.
Enter the number of minutes the VPN 3002 should wait between re-sends. The minimum number of
minutes is 1; the maximum number of minutes is 60. The default value is 1.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Renewal
Polling Limit
Enter the number of times the VPN 3002 should re-send an enrollment request if the CA does not issue
the certificate immediately. The minimum number of re-sends is 0; the maximum number is 100. If you
do not want any polling limit (in other words you want infinite re-sends), enter none.
Apply / Cancel
To configure CRL checking for this certificate, click Apply. The Manager returns to the Administration |
Certificate Management screen.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
Certificate Management screen.
Administration | Certificate Management | Renewal
Certificate renewal is a shortcut that allows you to generate an enrollment request based on the content
of an existing certificate.
When you renew a certificate via SCEP, the new certificate does not automatically overwrite the original
certificate. It remains in the Enrollment Request table until the administrator manually activates it. For
more information on activating certificates, see the “Administration | Certificate Management | Activate
Use this screen to re-enroll or re-key a certificate. If you re-enroll the certificate, the new certificate uses
the same key pair as the expiring certificate. If you re-key the certificate, it uses a new key pair.
Figure 12-49 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Renewal
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Renewal
Certificate
This field displays the type of certificate that you are re-enrolling or re-keying.
Renewal Type
Specify the type of request:
•
•
Re-enrollment = Use the same key pair as the expiring certificate.
Re-key = Use a new key pair.
Enrollment Method
Choose an enrollment method:
•
•
PKCS10 Request (Manual) = Enroll using the manual process.
Certificate Name via SCEP = Enroll automatically using this SCEP CA.
Challenge Password
Your CA might have given you a password as a means of verifying your identity. If you have a password
from your CA, enter it here.
If you did not receive a password from your CA, choose a password now. You can use this password in
the future to identify yourself to your CA.
Verify Challenge Password
Re-type the challenge password you just entered.
Renew / Cancel
To renew the certificate, click Renew.
To discard your settings, click Cancel. The Manager returns to the Administration |
Certificate Management screen.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Activate or Re-Submit | Status
Administration | Certificate Management | Activate or
Re-Submit | Status
This status screen appears after you activate or re-submit an enrollment request. It displays the status of
the request.
If you are installing an SSL certificate with a private key, include the encrypted private key.
Status
•
•
•
•
Installed = The CA returned the certificate and it has been added to the certificate store.
Rejected = The CA refused to issue a certificate.
Polling = The CA has pended the approval request; or, CA is unavailable.
Error = There has been an error processing the enrollment request.
Go to Certificate Management
If you want to view the certificate request, click Go to Certificate Management. The Manager displays
Go to Certificate Enrollment
If you want to enroll another certificate, click Go to Certificate Enrollment. The Manager displays the
Go to Certificate Installation
If you want to install the certificate you have just enrolled, click Go to Certificate Installation. The
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Delete
Administration | Certificate Management | Delete
The Manager displays this confirmation screen when you click Delete for a certificate on the
Administration | Certificate Management screen. The screen shows the same certificate details as on the
Administration | Certificate Management | View screen.
Please note:
•
You must delete CA certificates from the bottom up: server identity first, then subordinate CA, then
root CA certificates last. Otherwise, the Manager displays an error message.
•
If the certificate is in use by an SA or referenced in an active enrollment request, the Manager
displays an error message.
Figure 12-50 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Delete Screen
Fields
For a description of the fields in this certificate, see the “Certificate Fields” section on page 12-51.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | View Enrollment Request
Yes / No
To delete this certificate, click Yes.
Note
There is no undo.
The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate Management screen and shows the remaining
certificates.
To retain this certificate, click No. The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate Management
screen, and the certificates are unchanged.
Administration | Certificate Management |
View Enrollment Request
This screen allows you to view the details of an enrollment request.
Figure 12-51 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | View Enrollm ent Request Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | View Enrollment Request
Enrollment Request Fields
An enrollment request contains some or all of the following fields:
Field
Content
Subject
Issuer
The person or system that uses the certificate.
The CA or other entity (jurisdiction) from whom the certificate is being
requested.
Subject and Issuer consist of a specific-to-general identification hierarchy: CN,
OU, O, L, SP, and C. These labels and acronyms conform to X.520
terminology, and they echo the fields on the Administration | Certificate
Management | Enrollment screen.
CN
Common Name: the name of a person, system, or other entity. This is the
lowest (most specific) level in the identification hierarchy.
For the VPN 3002 self-signed SSL certificate, the CN is the IP address on the
Ethernet 1 (Private) interface at the time the certificate is generated. SSL
compares this CN with the address you use to connect to the VPN 3002 via
HTTPS, as part of its validation.
OU
O
Organizational Unit: the subgroup within the organization (O).
Organization: the name of the company, institution, agency, association, or
other entity.
L
Locality: the city or town where the organization is located.
SP
C
State/Province: the state or province where the organization is located.
Country: the two-letter country abbreviation. These codes conform to ISO
3166 country abbreviations.
Public Key Type
The algorithm and size of the public key that the CA or other issuer used in
generating this certificate.
Request Usage
The type of certificate: Identity or SSL.
MD5 Thumbprint
A 128-bit MD5 hash of the complete certificate contents, shown as a 16-byte
string. This value is unique for every certificate, and it positively identifies the
certificate. If you question a certificate’s authenticity, you can check this value
with the issuer.
SHA1 Thumbprint
Generated
A 160-bit SHA-1 hash of the complete certificate contents, shown as a 20-byte
string. This value is unique for every certificate, and it positively identifies the
certificate. If you question a certificate’s authenticity, you can check this value
with the issuer.
The date the request was initiated.
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Cancel Enrollment Request
Field
Content
Enrollment Type
Enrollment Method
Enrollment Status
The type of enrollment: initial, re-enroll, or re-key.
The method of enrollment: SCEP or manual.
The current status of the enrollment: complete, rejected, error, and so on.
Back
Click Back to display the Administration | Certificate Management screen.
Administration | Certificate Management |
Cancel Enrollment Request
This screen shows you the details of the enrollment request and allows you to cancel it.
You can cancel only a SCEP enrollment request, and you can do so only when the request is in polling
mode. Once a request is cancelled, you can then remove it, re-submit it, or view its details.
Figure 12-52 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Cancel Enrollm ent Request Screen
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Delete Enrollment Request
Fields
For a description of the fields in this enrollment request, see the “Enrollment Request Fields” section on
Yes / No
To cancel this enrollment request, click Yes.
Note
There is no undo.
The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate Management screen.
To retain this enrollment request, click No. The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate
Management screen, and the enrollment requests are unchanged.
Administration | Certificate Management |
Delete Enrollment Request
This screen shows you details of the enrollment request and allows you to delete it. Deleting an
enrollment request removes it from the Enrollment Request table (on the Administration | Certificate
Management page) and destroys all record of it.
Figure 12-53 Adm inistration | Certificate Managem ent | Delete Enrollm ent Request
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Chapter 12 Administration
Administration | Certificate Management | Delete Enrollment Request
Fields
For a description of the fields in this enrollment request, see the “Enrollment Request Fields” section on
Yes / No
To delete this enrollment request, click Yes.
Note
There is no undo.
The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate Management screen and shows the remaining
enrollment requests.
To retain this enrollment request, click No. The Manager returns to the Administration | Certificate
Management screen, and the enrollment requests are unchanged.
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C H A P T E R
13
Monitoring
The VPN 3002 tracks many statistics and the status of many items essential to system administration and
management. This section of the Manager lets you view all those status items and statistics. You can even
see the state of LEDs that show the status of hardware subsystems in the device. You can also see
statistics that are stored and available in standard MIB-II data objects.
This section of the Manager lets you view VPN 3002 status, sessions, statistics, and event logs.
•
•
Routing Table: current valid routes, protocols, and metrics.
Filterable Event Log: current event log in memory, filterable by event class, severity, IP address,
etc.
–
Live Event Log: current event log, continuously updated.
•
•
System Status: current software revisions, uptime, network interfaces, and connection status.
General Statistics: IPSec, HTTP, Telnet, DNS, SSL, DHCP, SSH, PPPoE, NAT, and MIB-II
statistics for interfaces, TCP/UDP, IP, ICMP, the ARP table, Ethernet traffic, and SNMP.
These Manager screens are read-only “snapshots” of data or status at the time the screen displays. Most
screens have a Refresh button that you can click to get a fresh snapshot and update the screen, but you
cannot modify the data on the screen.
Figure 13-1 Monitoring Screen
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Routing Table
Monitoring | Routing Table
This screen shows the VPN 3002 routing table at the time the screen displays.
Figure 13-2 Monitoring | Routing Table Screen
.
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when
the screen was last updated.
Clear Routes
Valid Routes
Clears the dynamic routing entries from the display. Clicking this button does not
affect the display of static routing entries.
The total number of current valid routes that the VPN 3002 knows about. This
number includes all valid routes, and it might be greater than the number of rows
in the routing table, which shows only the best routes with duplicates removed.
Address
The packet destination IP address that this route applies to. This address is
combined with the subnet mask to determine the destination route. 0.0.0.0
indicates the default gateway.
Mask
The subnet mask for the destination IP address in the Address field. 0.0.0.0
indicates the default gateway.
Next Hop
Interface
For remote routes, the IP address of the next system in the path to the destination.
0.0.0.0 indicates a local route; that is, there is no next hop.
The VPN 3002 network interface through which traffic moves on this route:
•
•
Private interface
Public interface
Protocol
The protocol or source of this routing table entry:
•
•
•
Static = configured static route.
Local = local VPN 3002 interface address.
ICMP = learned from an ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) redirect
message.
•
Default = the default gateway.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Filterable Event Log
Age
The number of seconds since this route was last updated or otherwise validated.
The age is relative to the screen display time; for example, 25 means the route
was last validated 25 seconds before the screen was displayed. 0 indicates a
static, local, or default route.
Metric
The metric, or cost, of this route. 1 is lowest, 16 is highest.
Monitoring | Filterable Event Log
This screen shows the events in the current event log, lets you filter and display events by various
criteria, and lets you manage the event log file. For troubleshooting any system difficulty, or just to
examine details of system activity, consult the event log first.
The VPN 3002 records events in nonvolatile memory, thus the event log persists even if the system is
powered off. It holds 256 events, and it wraps when it is full (that is, entry 257 overwrites entry 1, etc.).
Use the scroll controls (if present) to display more events in the log.
To configure event handling, see the Configuration | System | Events screens.
To Get, Save, or Clear the event log file, you must have Access Rights to Read/Write Files. See the
Administration | Administrators | Modify Properties screen.
Figure 13-3 Monitoring | Filterable Event Log Screen
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Monitoring | Filterable Event Log
Select Filter Options
You can select any or all of the following options for filtering and displaying the event log. After
selecting the option(s), click any one of the four Page buttons. The Manager refreshes the screen and
displays the event log according to your selections.
Your filter options remain in effect as long as you continue working within and viewing Monitoring |
Filterable Event Log screens. The Manager resets all options to their defaults if you leave and return, or
if you click Filterable Event Log in the left frame of the Manager window (the table of contents). You
cannot save filter options.
Event Class
To display all the events in a single event class, click the drop-down menu
button and select the event class. To select a contiguous range of event
classes, select the first class in the range, hold down the keyboard Shift key,
and select the last class in the range. To select multiple event classes, select
the first class, hold down the keyboard Ctrl key, and select the other classes.
Configuration | System | Events describes the event classes.
Severities
To display all events of a single severity level, click the drop-down menu
button and select the severity level. To select a contiguous range of severity
levels, select the first severity level in the range, hold down the keyboard
Shift key, and select the last severity level in the range. To select multiple
severity levels, select the first severity level, hold down the keyboard Ctrl
key, and select the other severity levels. By default, the Manager displays All
explanation of severity levels.
Client IP Address
Events/Page
Direction
To display all events relating to a single IP address, enter the IP address in
the field using dotted decimal notation; for example, 10.10.1.35. By default,
the Manager displays all IP addresses. To restore the default, enter 0.0.0.0.
To display a given number of events per Manager screen (page), click the
drop-down menu button and select the number. Choices are 10, 25, 50, 100,
250, and ALL. By default, the Manager displays 100 events per screen.
To display events in a different chronological order, click the drop-down
menu button and select the order. Choices are:
•
Oldest to Newest = Display events in actual chronological order, with
oldest events at the top of the screen. This is the default selection.
Newest to Oldest = Display events in reverse chronological order, with
newest events at the top of the screen.
To display the first page (screen) of the event log, click this button. By
default, the Manager displays the first page of the event log when you first
open this screen.
First Page
To display the previous page (screen) of the event log, click this button.
Previous Page
Next Page
To display the next page (screen) of the event log, click this button.
To display the last page (screen) of the event log, click this button.
All four Page buttons are also present at the bottom of the screen.
Last Page
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Filterable Event Log
Get Log
To download the event log from VPN 3002 memory to your PC and view it
or save it as a text file, click Get Log. The Manager opens a new browser
window to display the file. The browser address bar shows the VPN 3002
address and log file default filename; for example,
http://10.10.4.6/LOG/vpn3002log.txt.
To save a copy of the log file on your PC, click the File menu on the new
browser window and select Save As.... The browser opens a dialog box that
lets you save the file. The default filename is vpn3002log.txt.
Alternatively, you can use the secondary mouse button to click Get Log on
this Monitoring | Filterable Event Log screen. A pop-up menu presents
choices whose exact wording depends on your browser, but among them are:
•
Open Link, Open Link in New Window, Open in New Window =
Open and view the file in a new browser window, as above.
•
Save Target As..., Save Link As... = Save a copy of the log file on your
PC. Your system will prompt for a filename and location. The default
filename is vpn3002log.txt.
When you are finished viewing or saving the file, close the new browser
window.
Clear Log
To clear the current event log from memory, click this button. The Manager
then refreshes the screen and shows the empty log.
Caution
The Manager immediately erases the event log
from memory without asking for confirmation.
There is no undo.
Event Log Format
Each entry (record) in the event log consists of eight or nine fields:
Sequence Date Time Severity Class/Number Repeat (IPAddress)
String
(The IPAddress field only appears in certain events.)
For example:
3 12/06/2001 14:37:06.680 SEV=4 HTTP/47 RPT=17 10.10.1.35
New administrator login: admin.
Event Sequence
The sequential number of the logged entry. Numbering starts or restarts from
1 when the system powers up, when you save the event log, or when you
clear the event log. When the log file wraps after 256 entries, numbering
continues with event 257 overwriting event 1.
Although numbering restarts at 1 when the system powers up, it does not
overwrite existing entries in the event log; it appends them. Assuming the
log does not wrap, it could contain several sequences of events starting at 1.
Thus you can examine events preceding and following reboot or reset cycles.
Event Date
The date of the event: MM/DD/YYYY. For example, 12/06/2001 identifies
an event that occurred on December 6, 2001.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Live Event Log
Event Time
The time of the event: hour:minute:second.millisecond. The hour is based on
a 24-hour clock. For example, 14:37:06.680 identifies an event that occurred
at 2:37:06.680 PM.
Event Severity
The severity level of the event; for example: SEV=4 identifies an event of
explanation of severity levels.
Event Class/Number The class—or source—of the event, and the internal reference number
associated with the specific event within the event class. For example:
HTTP/47indicates that an administrator logged in to the VPN 3002 using
Events describes the event classes. The internal reference number assists
Cisco support personnel if they need to examine a log file.
Event Repeat
The number of times that this specific event has occurred since the VPN
3002 was last booted or reset. For example, RPT=17 indicates that this is the
seventeenth occurrence of this specific event.
Event IP address
The IP address of the client or host associated with this event. Only certain
events have this field. For tunnel-related events, this is typically the “outer”
or tunnel endpoint address. In the Event log format example above,
10.10.1.35 is the IP address of the host PC from which admin logged in using
the Manager.
Event String
The string, or message, that describes the specific event. Each event class
comprises many possible events, and the string gives a brief description.
Event strings usually do not exceed 80 characters. In the Event log format
example above, “New administrator login: admin” describes the event.
Monitoring | Live Event Log
This screen shows events in the current event log and automatically updates the display every 5 seconds.
The events might take a few seconds to load when you first open the screen.
Note for Netscape
users:
The live event log requires Netscape version 4.5 or higher. It does not run on other versions of Netscape.
The screen always displays the most recent event at the bottom. Use the scroll bar to view earlier events.
To filter and display events by various criteria, see the Monitoring | Filterable Event Log section above.
Note
If you keep this Manager screen open, your administrative session does not time out. Each automatic
screen update resets the inactivity timer. See Session Idle Timeout on the Administration | Access
Rights | Access Settings screen.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Live Event Log
Figure 13-4 Monitoring | Live Event Log Screen
Pause Display/Resume Display
To pause the display, click Pause Display. While paused, the screen does not display new events, the
button changes to Resume Display, and the timer counts down to 0 and stops. You can still scroll through
the event log. Click the button to resume the display of new events and restart the timer.
Clear Display
To clear the event display, click Clear Display. This action does not clear the event log, only the display
of events on this screen.
Restart
Timer
To clear the event display and reload the entire event log in the display, click Restart.
The timer counts 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 to show where it is in the 5-second refresh cycle. A momentary Rx
indicates receipt of new events. A steady 0 indicates the display has been paused.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status
Monitoring | System Status
This screen shows the status of several software and hardware variables at the time the screen displays.
From this screen you can also display the status of the IPSec tunnel SAs, tunnel duration, plus front and
rear panel displays of the VPN 3002.
Figure 13-5 Monitoring | System Status Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
VPN Client Type
The type, or model number, of this VPN 3002 hardware client.
Bootcode Rev
The version name, number, and date of the VPN 3002 bootcode software file. When you boot or reset
the system, the bootcode software runs system diagnostics, and it loads and executes the system software
image. The bootcode is installed at the factory, and there is no need to upgrade it. If an engineering
change requires a bootcode upgrade, only Cisco support personnel can do so.
Software Rev
The version name, number, and date of the VPN 3002 Hardware Client system software image file. You
can update this image file from the Administration | Software Update screen.
Up Since
RAM Size
The date and time that the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
The total amount of SDRAM memory installed in the VPN 3002.
Disconnect Now
Disconnects the tunnel.
Connect Now
Connects the tunnel.
Assigned IP Address
The IP address assigned to the VPN 3002 by the central-site VPN Concentrator when PAT mode is
enabled. This field is not displayed when the VPN 3002 is running in Network Extension mode, because
the central-site VPN Concentrator does not assign an IP address to the VPN 3002 in Network Extension
mode.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status
Tunnel Established to
The IP address of the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects.
Duration
The length of time that this tunnel has been up.
Security Associations
This table describes the following attributes of the SAs for this VPN 3002.
Type
The type of tunnel for this SA, either IPSec or IKE (the control tunnel).
Network/subnet mask for this split-tunneled SA.
Remote Address
Encryption
Authentication
Octets In
The encryption method this SA uses.
The authentication method this SA uses.
The number of octets (bytes) this SA has received since the tunnel has been up.
The number of octets (bytes) this SA has sent since the tunnel has been up.
The number of packets this SA has received since the tunnel has been up.
The number of packets this SA has sent since the tunnel has been up.
Octets Out
Packets In
Packets Out
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status | Private/Public Interface
Other
Additional information about this SA, including mode.
The front panel image is an inactive link.
Front Panel
Back Panel
The back panel image includes active links for the VPN 3002 private and public interfaces Use the
mouse pointer to select either the private or public module on the back-panel image and click anywhere
in the highlighted area. The Manager displays the appropriate Monitoring | System Status | Interface
screen.
Monitoring | System Status | Private/Public Interface
This screen displays status and statistics for a VPN 3002 Ethernet interface. To configure an interface,
see Configuration | Interfaces.
Figure 13-6 Monitoring | System Status | Public Interface Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status | Private/Public Interface
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Back
To return to the Monitoring | System Status screen, click Back.
Interface
The VPN 3002 Ethernet interface number:
•
•
Private interface
Public interface
IP Address
Status
The IP address configured on this interface.
The operational status of this interface:
•
•
•
•
•
•
UP (UP/DHCP, UP/PPPoE) = configured and enabled, ready to pass data traffic.
Waiting for DHCP/PPPoE = configured and enabled, waiting for negotiations to complete.
Disabled = configured but disabled.
DOWN (DOWN/DHCP, DOWN/PPPoE) = configured but
Testing = in test mode; no regular data traffic can pass.
Dormant = configured and enabled but waiting for an external action, such as an incoming
connection.
•
•
•
Not Present = missing hardware components.
Lower Layer Down = not operational because a lower-layer interface is down.
Unknown = not configured.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | System Status | Private/Public Interface
Rx Unicast
The number of unicast packets that were received by this interface since the VPN 3002 was last booted
or reset. Unicast packets are those addressed to a single host.
Tx Unicast
The number of unicast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission since the VPN 3002
was last booted or reset, including those that were discarded or not sent. Unicast packets are those
addressed to a single host.
Rx Multicast
Tx Multicast
The number of multicast packets that were received by this interface since the VPN 3002 was last booted
or reset. Multicast packets are those addressed to a specific group of hosts.
The number of multicast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission since the VPN 3002
was last booted or reset, including those that were discarded or not sent. Multicast packets are those
addressed to a specific group of hosts.
Rx Broadcast
Tx Broadcast
The number of broadcast packets that were received by this interface since the VPN 3002 was last booted
or reset. Broadcast packets are those addressed to all hosts on a network.
The number of broadcast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission since the VPN 3002
was last booted or reset, including those that were discarded or not sent. Broadcast packets are those
addressed to all hosts on a network.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | User Status
Monitoring | User Status
This section displays statistics for devices behind the VPN 3002 Hardware Client.
Figure 13-7 Monitoring | User Status screen
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Cisco IP Phone Bypass Enabled/Disabled
Indicates whether the Cisco IP Phone Bypass feature is enabled or disabled for the VPN 3002. This
feature is enabled or disabled for the group on the VPN Concentrator to which the VPN 3002 belongs.
For more information, see Configuration | User Management | Base Group/Groups, Hardware Client tab
for the VPN Concentrator.
Username
IP Address
MAC Address
Login Time
Duration
The username for the session.
The IP address of the device logged in behind the VPN 3002.
The MAC address for the device logged in behind the VPN 3002.
The date and time of day when the user logged in to the VPN 3002.
The length of time that the user has been logged in; the format is hh:mm:ss.
Possible actions: Ping and Logout.
Actions
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics
Monitoring | Statistics
This section of the Manager shows statistics for traffic and activity on the VPN 3002 since it was last
booted or reset, and for current tunneled sessions, plus statistics in standard MIB-II objects for
interfaces, TCP/UDP, IP, ICMP, the ARP table, and SNMP.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IPSec: total Phase 1 and Phase 2 tunnels, received and transmitted packets, failures, drops, etc.
HTTP: total data traffic and connection statistics.
Telnet: total sessions, and current session inbound and outbound traffic.
DNS: total requests, responses, timeouts, etc.
SSL: total sessions, encrypted vs. unencrypted traffic, etc.
DHCP: leased addresses, duration, etc.
SSH: total and active sessions, bytes and packets sent and received, etc.
PPPoE: session ID, server name, duration, etc.
NAT: sessions, inbound and outbound packets
MIB-II Stats: interfaces, TCP/UDP, IP, ICMP, the ARP table, Ethernet, and SNMP.
Figure 13-8 Monitoring | Statistics Screen
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
This screen shows statistics for IPSec activity, including the current IPSec tunnel, on the VPN 3002 since
it was last booted or reset. These statistics conform to the IETF draft for the IPSec Flow Monitoring
MIB.
Figure 13-9 Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec Screen
Reset
Restore
13 -16
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
IKE (Phase 1) Statistics
This table provides IPSec Phase 1 (IKE: Internet Key Exchange) global statistics. During IPSec
Phase 1 (IKE), the two peers establish control tunnels through which they negotiate Security
Associations.
Active Tunnels
Total Tunnels
Received Bytes
Sent Bytes
The number of currently active IKE control tunnels.
The cumulative total of all currently and previously active IKE control tunnels.
The cumulative total of bytes (octets) received by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
The cumulative total of bytes (octets) sent by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
The cumulative total of packets received by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
The cumulative total of packets sent by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
Received Packets
Sent Packets
Received Packets Dropped
The cumulative total of packets that were dropped during receive processing by all currently and
previously active IKE tunnels. If there is a problem with the content of a packet, such as hash failure,
parsing error, or encryption failure, received in Phase 1 or the negotiation of Phase 2, the system drops
the packet. This number should be zero or very small; if not, check for misconfiguration.
Sent Packets Dropped
The cumulative total of packets that were dropped during send processing by all currently and previously
active IKE tunnels. This number should be zero; if not, check for a network problem, check the event
log for an internal subsystem failure, or contact Cisco support.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
Received Notifies
The cumulative total of notify packets received by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels. A
notify packet is an informational packet that is sent in response to a bad packet or to indicate status; for
example, error packets, keepalive packets, etc.
Sent Notifies
The cumulative total of notify packets sent by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels. See
comments for Received Notifies above.
Received Phase-2 Exchanges
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges received by all currently and previously active IKE
tunnels; that is, the total of Phase-2 negotiations received that were initiated by a remote peer. A
complete exchange consists of three packets.
Sent Phase-2 Exchanges
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges that were sent by all currently and previously active
and IKE tunnels; that is, the total of Phase-2 negotiations initiated by this VPN 3002.
Invalid Phase-2 Exchanges Received
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges that were received, found to be invalid because of
protocol errors, and dropped, by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels. In other words, the total
of Phase-2 negotiations that were initiated by a remote peer but that this VPN 3002 dropped because of
protocol errors.
Invalid Phase-2 Exchanges Sent
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges that were sent and were found to be invalid, by all
currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
Rejected Received Phase-2 Exchanges
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges that were initiated by a remote peer, received, and
rejected by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels. Rejected exchanges indicate policy-related
failures, such as configuration problems.
Rejected Sent Phase-2 Exchanges
The cumulative total of IPSec Phase-2 exchanges that were initiated by this VPN 3002, sent, and
rejected, by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels. See comment above.
Phase-2 SA Delete Requests Received
The cumulative total of requests to delete IPSec Phase-2 Security Associations received by all currently
and previously active IKE tunnels.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
Phase-2 SA Delete Requests Sent
The cumulative total of requests to delete IPSec Phase-2 Security Associations sent by all currently and
previously active IKE tunnels.
Initiated Tunnels
The cumulative total of IKE tunnels that this VPN 3002 initiated.
Failed Initiated Tunnels
The cumulative total of IKE tunnels that this VPN 3002 initiated and that failed to activate.
Failed Remote Tunnels
The cumulative total of IKE tunnels that remote peers initiated and that failed to activate.
Authentication Failures
The cumulative total of authentication attempts that failed, by all currently and previously active IKE
tunnels. Authentication failures indicate problems with preshared keys, digital certificates, or user-level
authentication.
Decryption Failures
The cumulative total of decryptions that failed, by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
Hash Validation Failures
The cumulative total of hash validations that failed, by all currently and previously active IKE tunnels.
Hash validation failures usually indicate misconfiguration or mismatched preshared keys or digital
certificates.
System Capability Failures
The cumulative total of system capacity failures that occurred during processing of all currently and
previously active IKE tunnels. These failures indicate that the system has run out of memory, or that the
tunnel count exceeds the system maximum.
No-SA Failures
The cumulative total of nonexistent-Security Association failures that occurred during processing of all
currently and previously active IKE tunnels. These failures occur when the system receives a packet for
which it has no Security Association, and might indicate synchronization problems.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
IPSec (Phase 2) Statistics
This table provides IPSec Phase 2 global statistics. During IPSec Phase 2, the two peers negotiate
Security Associations that govern traffic within the tunnel.
Active Tunnels
Total Tunnels
Received Bytes
The number of currently active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
The cumulative total of all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
The cumulative total of bytes (octets) received by all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2
tunnels, before decompression. In other words, total bytes of IPSec-only data received by the IPSec
subsystem, before decompressing the IPSec payload.
Sent Bytes
The cumulative total of bytes (octets) sent by all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels,
after compression. In other words, total bytes of IPSec-only data sent by the IPSec subsystem, after
compressing the IPSec payload.
Received Packets
Sent Packets
The cumulative total of packets received by all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
The cumulative total of packets sent by all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
Received Packets Dropped
The cumulative total of packets dropped during receive processing by all currently and previously active
IPSec Phase-2 tunnels, excluding packets dropped due to anti-replay processing. If there is a problem
with the content of a packet, the system drops the packet. This number should be zero or very small; if
not, check for misconfiguration.
Received Packets Dropped (Anti-Replay)
The cumulative total of packets dropped during receive processing due to anti-replay errors, by all
currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. If the sequence number of a packet is a duplicate
or out of bounds, there might be a faulty network or a security breach, and the system drops the packet.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | IPSec
Sent Packets Dropped
The cumulative total of packets dropped during send processing by all currently and previously active
IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. This number should be zero; if not, check for a network problem, check the event
log for an internal subsystem failure, or contact Cisco support.
Inbound Authentications
The cumulative total number of inbound individual packet authentications performed by all currently
and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
Failed Inbound Authentications
The cumulative total of inbound packet authentications that failed, by all currently and previously active
IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. Failed authentications could indicate corrupted packets or a potential security
attack (“man in the middle”).
Outbound Authentications
The cumulative total of outbound individual packet authentications performed by all currently and
previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels.
Failed Outbound Authentications
The cumulative total of outbound packet authentications that failed, by all currently and previously
active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. This number should be zero or very small; if not, check the event log for
an internal IPSec subsystem problem.
Decryptions
The cumulative total of inbound decryptions performed by all currently and previously active IPSec
Phase-2 tunnels.
Failed Decryptions
The cumulative total of inbound decryptions that failed, by all currently and previously active IPSec
Phase-2 tunnels. This number should be zero or very small; if not, check for misconfiguration.
Encryptions
The cumulative total of outbound encryptions performed by all currently and previously active IPSec
Phase-2 tunnels.
Failed Encryptions
The cumulative total of outbound encryptions that failed, by all currently and previously active IPSec
Phase-2 tunnels. This number should be zero or very small; if not, check the event log for an internal
IPSec subsystem problem.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | HTTP
System Capability Failures
The total number of system capacity failures that occurred during processing of all currently and
previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. These failures indicate that the system has run out of memory
or some other critical resource; check the event log.
No-SA Failures
The cumulative total of nonexistent-Security Association failures which occurred during processing of
all currently and previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. These failures occur when the system receives
an IPSec packet for which it has no Security Association, and might indicate synchronization problems.
Protocol Use Failures
The cumulative total of protocol use failures that occurred during processing of all currently and
previously active IPSec Phase-2 tunnels. These failures indicate errors parsing IPSec packets.
Monitoring | Statistics | HTTP
This screen shows statistics for HTTP activity on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or reset.
To configure system-wide HTTP server parameters, see the Configuration | System | Management |
Protocols | HTTP screen.
Figure 13-10 Monitoring | Statistics | HTTP Screen
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | HTTP
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Octets Sent/Received
The total number of HTTP octets (bytes) sent or received since the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
Packets Sent/Received
The total number of HTTP packets sent or received since the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
Packets Sent Sockets/Sessions
The number of HTTP connections for the VPN 3002.
Active
The number of currently active HTTP connections on the VPN 3002.
Peak
The maximum number of HTTP connections that were simultaneously active on the VPN 3002 since it
was last booted or reset.
Total
The total number of HTTP connections on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or reset.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | HTTP
HTTP Sessions
This section provides information about HTTP sessions on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or
reset.
Login Name
IP Address
Login Time
Encryption
The name of the administrative user for the HTTP session.
The IP address of administrative user for the HTTP session.
The time when the HTTP session began.
The encryption method used in the HTTP session.
Octets Sent/Received
Number of octets sent or received during the HTTP session.
Packets Sent/Received
Number of packets sent or received during the HTTP session.
Sockets Active
Sockets Peak
Sockets Total
The number of currently active sockets for the HTTP session.
The maximum number of sockets simultaneously active during the HTTP session.
The total number of sockets active during the HTTP session.
Max Connections
The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections for the VPN 3002 since it was last rebooted or
reset.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | Telnet
Monitoring | Statistics | Telnet
This screen shows statistics for Telnet activity on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or reset, and for
current Telnet sessions.
To configure the VPN 3002 Telnet server, see the Configuration | System | Management Protocols |
Telnet screen.
Figure 13-11 Monitoring | Statistics | Telnet Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Active Sessions
The number of active Telnet sessions. The Telnet Sessions table shows statistics for these sessions.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | Telnet
Attempted Sessions
The total number of attempts to establish Telnet sessions on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or
reset.
Successful Sessions
The total number of Telnet sessions successfully established on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted
or reset.
Telnet Sessions
This table shows statistics for active Telnet sessions on the VPN 3002. Each active session is a row.
Client IP Address:Port
The IP address and TCP source port number of the remote Telnet client for this session.
Inbound Octets Total
The total number of Telnet octets (bytes) received by this session.
Inbound Octets Command
The number of octets (bytes) containing Telnet commands or options, received by this session.
Inbound Octets Discarded
The number of Telnet octets (bytes) received and dropped during input processing by this session.
Outbound Octets Total
The total number of Telnet octets (bytes) transmitted by this session.
Outbound Octets Dropped
The number of outbound Telnet octets dropped during output processing by this session.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | DNS
Monitoring | Statistics | DNS
This screen shows statistics for DNS (Domain Name System) activity on the VPN 3002 since it was last
booted or reset.
To configure the VPN 3002 to communicate with DNS servers, see the Configuration | System | Servers
| DNS screen.
Figure 13-12 Monitoring | Statistics | DNS Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
Requests
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
The total number of DNS queries the VPN 3002 made since it was last booted or reset. This number
equals the sum of the numbers in the Responses, Timeouts, Server Unreachable and Other Failures fields
(the four fields that follow).
Responses
The number of DNS queries that were successfully resolved.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | SSL
Timeouts
The number of DNS queries that failed because there was no response from the server.
Server Unreachable
The number of DNS queries that failed because, according to the VPN 3002 routing table, the address
of the server is not reachable.
Other Failures
The number of DNS queries that failed for an unspecified reason.
Monitoring | Statistics | SSL
This screen shows statistics for SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol traffic on the VPN 3002 since it
was last booted or reset.
To configure SSL, see Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSL.
Figure 13-13 Monitoring | Statistics | SSL Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | SSL
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Unencrypted Inbound Octets
The number of octets (bytes) of inbound traffic output by the decryption engine.
Encrypted Inbound Octets
The number of octets (bytes) of encrypted inbound traffic sent to the decryption engine. This number
includes negotiation traffic.
Unencrypted Outbound Octets
The number of unencrypted outbound octets (bytes) sent to the encryption engine.
Encrypted Outbound Octets
The number of octets (bytes) of outbound traffic output by the encryption engine. This number includes
negotiation traffic.
Total Sessions
The total number of SSL sessions.
Active Sessions
The number of currently active SSL sessions.
Max Active Sessions
The maximum number of SSL sessions simultaneously active at any one time.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | DHCP
Monitoring | Statistics | DHCP
This screen shows statistics for DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server activity on the
VPN 3002 since it was last booted or reset. Each row of the table shows data for each IP address handed
out to a DHCP client (PC) on the VPN 3002 private network.
To configure the DHCP server, see Configuration | System | IP Routing | DHCP.
Figure 13-14 Monitoring | Statistics | DHCP Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Active Leases
The number of DHCP leases currently active.
Maximum Active Leases
The maximum number of DHCP leases simultaneously active at any one time.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Timeouts
Monitoring | Statistics | DHCP
The number of DHCP queries that failed because there was no response from the server.
Pool Start
Pool End
The IP address at the start of the DHCP IP address pool.
The IP address at the end of the DHCP IP address pool.
Leased IP Address
The IP address leased from the DHCP server by the remote client.
Time Left
The time remaining until the current IP address lease expires, shown as HH:MM:SS.
MAC Address
The hardwired MAC (Medium Access Control) address of the interface, in 6-byte hexadecimal notation,
that maps to the IP Address.
Host Name
The name of the DHCP client (PC) on this interface.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | SSH
Monitoring | Statistics | SSH
This screen shows statistics for SSH (Secure Shell) protocol traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was last
booted or reset.
To configure SSH, see Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SSH.
Figure 13-15 Monitoring | Statistics | SSH Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Octets Sent/Received
The total number of SSH octets (bytes) sent/received since the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | SSH
Packets Sent/Received
The total number of SSH packets sent/received since the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
Active Sessions
The number of currently active SSH sessions.
Maximum Sessions
The maximum number of simultaneously active SSH sessions on the VPN 3002.
Total Sessions
The total number of SSH sessions since the VPN 3002 was last booted or reset.
SSH Sessions
Presents details on SSH sessions.
Login Name
The name of the administrator using the session.
Remote IP Address:Port
The remote IP address for the session.
Login Time
Encryption
The time of day when the login for the session occurred.
The type of encryption algorithm used for the session.
Octets Sent/Received
The number of octets sent and received during the session.
Packets Sent/Received
The number of packets sent and received during the session.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | NAT
Monitoring | Statistics | NAT
This screen shows statistics for NAT (Network Address Translation) activity on the VPN 3002 since it
was last booted or reset.
Figure 13-16 Monitoring | Statistics | NAT screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Packets In/Out
The total of NAT packets inbound and outbound since the last time the VPN 3002 was rebooted or reset.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | NAT
Translations Active
The number of currently active NAT sessions.
Translations Peak
The maximum number of NAT sessions that were simultaneously active on the VPN 3002 since it was
last booted or reset.
Translations Total
The total number of NAT sessions on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or reset.
NAT Sessions
The following sections provide detailed information about active NAT sessions on the VPN 3002.
Source IP Address/Port
The source IP address and port for the NAT session.
Destination IP Address/Port
The destination IP address and port for the NAT session.
Translated IP Address/Port
The translated IP address and port for the NAT session. The VPN3002 uses this port number to keep
track of which devices initiate data transfer; by keeping this record, the VPN 3002 is able to correctly
route responses.
Direction
Age
The direction, inbound or outbound, of the data transferred for the NAT session.
The number of half seconds remaining until the NAT session times out.
The type of packets for the NAT session. The possible types are:
Type
•
•
•
•
TCP NAT session
UDP NAT session
FTP session
TFTP session
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | PPPoE
•
•
•
NetBIOS over TCP Proxy
NetBIOS over UDP Proxy
NetBIOS Datagram Service
Translated Bytes/Packets
The total number of translated bytes and packets for the NAT session.
Monitoring | Statistics | PPPoE
This screen shows statistics for PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) activity on the VPN 3002 since it was last
booted or reset.
Figure 13-17 Monitoring | Statistics | PPPoE Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
User Name
Session ID
Monitoring | Statistics | PPPoE
The username for the PPPoE session.
The ID for the session assigned by the ISP. The Session ID combined with the Access Concentrator MAC
Address (see below) uniquely identifies the PPPoE session.
PPPoE Access Concentrator
The device your Internet Service Provider (ISP) uses to manage PPPoE traffic. Fields include Session
ID, MAC Address, and Server Name. These fields have entries only if a PPPoE session is established.
MAC Address
The MAC (Medium Access Control) address of the PPPoE Access Concentrator, in 6-byte hexadecimal
notations.
Server Name
The name of the server for the PPPoE Access Concentrator.
Duration
The amount of time that this PPPoE session has been up, in the format hh:mm:ss.
PADI Timeouts
The number of PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation packets for which the VPN 3002 received no
response.
PADR Timeouts
The number of PPPoE Active Discovery Request packets for which the VPN 3002 received no response.
Multiple PADO Rx
The number of multiple PPPoE Active Discovery Offer packets received, that is, the number of times
more than one PPPoE access concentrator responded to the PADI the VPN 3002 sent.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | PPPoE
PADT Rx
The number of PPPoE Active Discovery Terminate packets received.
The number of PPPoE Active Discovery Terminate packets sent.
PADT Tx
Generic Errors Rx
The number of errors received during the PPPoE session.
Malformed Packets Rx
The number of malformed packets received during the PPPoE session.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II
This section of the Manager lets you view statistics that are recorded in standard MIB-II objects on the
VPN 3002. MIB-II (Management Information Base, version 2) objects are variables that contain data
about the system. They are defined as part of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP); and
SNMP-based network management systems can query the VPN 3002 to gather the data.
Each subsequent screen displays the data for a standard MIB-II group of objects:
•
•
Interfaces: packets sent and received on network interfaces and VPN tunnels.
TCP/UDP: Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol segments and datagrams
sent and received, etc.
•
•
IP: Internet Protocol packets sent and received, fragmentation and reassembly data, etc.
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ping, timestamp, and address mask requests and replies,
etc.
•
ARP Table: Address Resolution Protocol physical (MAC) addresses, IP addresses, and mapping
types.
•
•
Ethernet: errors and collisions, MAC errors, etc.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol requests, bad community strings, parsing errors, etc.
To configure and enable the VPN 3002 SNMP server, see the Configuration | System | Management
Protocols | SNMP screen.
Figure 13-18 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II Screen
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Interfaces
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Interfaces
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for VPN 3002 interfaces since the system was last booted
or reset.
Figure 13-19 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Interfaces Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
Interface
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
The VPN 3002 interface:
•
•
Private
Public
Status
The operational status of this interface:
•
•
UP (UP/DHCP, UP/PPPoE)= configured and enabled, ready to pass data traffic.
Waiting for DHCP/PPPoE = configured and enabled, ready to pass data traffic.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Interfaces
•
•
•
•
Disabled = configured by disabled.
DOWN(DOWN/DHCP, DOWN/PPPoE) = configured but down.
Testing = in test mode; no regular data traffic can pass.
Dormant = configured and enabled but waiting for an external action, such as an incoming
connection.
•
•
•
Not Present = missing hardware components.
Lower Layer Down = not operational because a lower-layer interface is down.
Unknown = not configured.
Unicast In
The number of unicast packets that were received by this interface. Unicast packets are those addressed
to a single host.
Unicast Out
Multicast In
Multicast Out
Broadcast In
Broadcast Out
The number of unicast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission, including those that
were discarded or not sent. Unicast packets are those addressed to a single host.
The number of multicast packets that were received by this interface. Multicast packets are those
addressed to a specific group of hosts.
The number of multicast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission, including those that
were discarded or not sent. Multicast packets are those addressed to a specific group of hosts.
The number of broadcast packets that were received by this interface. Broadcast packets are those
addressed to all hosts on a network.
The number of broadcast packets that were routed to this interface for transmission, including those that
were discarded or not sent. Broadcast packets are those addressed to all hosts on a network.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | TCP/UDP
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | TCP/UDP
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for TCP and UDP traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was
last booted or reset. RFC 2012 defines TCP MIB objects, and RFC 2013 defines UDP MIB objects.
Figure 13-20 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | TCP/ UDP Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
TCP Segments Received
The total number of segments received, including those received in error and those received on currently
established connections. Segment is the official TCP name for what is casually called a data packet.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | TCP/UDP
TCP Segments Transmitted
The total number of segments sent, including those on currently established connections but excluding
those containing only retransmitted bytes. Segment is the official TCP name for what is casually called
a data packet.
TCP Segments Retransmitted
The total number of segments retransmitted; that is, the number of TCP segments transmitted containing
one or more previously transmitted bytes. Segment is the official TCP name for what is casually called
a data packet.
TCP Timeout Min
The minimum value permitted for TCP retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds.
TCP Timeout Max
The maximum value permitted for TCP retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds.
TCP Connection Limit
The limit on the total number of TCP connections that the system can support. A value of -1means there
is no limit.
TCP Active Opens
The number of TCP connections that went directly from an unconnected state to a
connection-synchronizing state, bypassing the listening state. These connections are allowed, but they
are usually in the minority.
TCP Passive Opens
The number of TCP connections that went from a listening state to a connection-synchronizing state.
These connections are usually in the majority.
TCP Attempt Failures
The number of TCP connection attempts that failed. Technically this is the number of TCP connections
that went to an unconnected state, plus the number that went to a listening state, from a
connection-synchronizing state.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | TCP/UDP
TCP Established Resets
The number of established TCP connections that abruptly closed, bypassing graceful termination.
TCP Current Established
The number of TCP connections that are currently established or are gracefully terminating.
UDP Datagrams Received
The total number of UDP datagrams received. Datagram is the official UDP name for what is casually
called a data packet.
UDP Datagrams Transmitted
The total number of UDP datagrams sent. Datagram is the official UDP name for what is casually called
a data packet.
UDP Errored Datagrams
The number of received UDP datagrams that could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of an
application at the destination port (UDP No Port). Datagram is the official UDP name for what is
casually called a data packet.
UDP No Port
The total number of received UDP datagrams that could not be delivered because there was no
application at the destination port. Datagram is the official UDP name for what is casually called a data
packet.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | IP
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | IP
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for IP traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted or
reset. RFC 2011 defines IP MIB objects.
Figure 13-21 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | IP Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | IP
Packets Received (Total)
The total number of IP data packets received by the VPN 3002, including those received with errors.
Packets Received (Header Errors)
The number of IP data packets received and discarded due to errors in IP headers, including bad
checksums, version number mismatches, other format errors, etc.
Packets Received (Address Errors)
The number of IP data packets received and discarded because the IP address in the destination field was
not a valid address for the VPN 3002. This count includes invalid addresses (for example, 0.0.0.0) and
addresses of unsupported classes (such as Class E).
Packets Received (Unknown Protocols)
The number of IP data packets received and discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.
Packets Received (Discarded)
The number of IP data packets received that had no problems preventing continued processing, but that
were discarded (for example, for lack of buffer space). This number does not include any packets
discarded while awaiting reassembly.
Packets Received (Delivered)
The number of IP data packets received and successfully delivered to IP user protocols (including ICMP)
on the VPN 3002; that is, the VPN 3002 was the final destination.
Packets Forwarded
The number of IP data packets received and forwarded to destinations other than the VPN 3002.
Outbound Packets Discarded
The number of outbound IP data packets that had no problems preventing their transmission to a
destination, but that were discarded (for example, for lack of buffer space).
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | IP
Outbound Packets with No Route
The number of outbound IP data packets discarded because no route could be found to transmit them to
their destination. This number includes any packets that the VPN 3002 could not route because all of its
default routers were down.
Packets Transmitted (Requests)
The number of IP data packets that local IP user protocols (including ICMP) supplied to transmission
requests. This number does not include any packets counted in Packets Forwarded.
Fragments Needing Reassembly
The number of IP fragments received by the VPN 3002 that needed to be reassembled.
Reassembly Successes
The number of IP data packets successfully reassembled.
Reassembly Failures
The number of failures detected by the IP reassembly algorithm (for whatever reason: timed out, errors,
etc.). This number is not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some algorithms can lose
track of the number of fragments by combining them as they are received.
Fragmentation Successes
The number of IP data packets that have been successfully fragmented by the VPN 3002.
Fragmentation Failures
The number of IP data packets that have been discarded because they needed to be fragmented but could
not be (because the Don’t Fragment flag was set).
Fragments Created
The number of IP data packet fragments that have been generated by the VPN 3002.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ICMP
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ICMP
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for ICMP traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted
or reset. RFC 2011 defines ICMP MIB objects.
Figure 13-22 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ICMP screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Total Received/Transmitted
The total number of ICMP messages that the VPN 3002 received/sent. This number includes messages
counted as Errors Received/Transmitted. ICMP messages solicit and provide information about the
network environment.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ICMP
Errors Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP messages that the VPN 3002 received but determined to have ICMP-specific errors
(bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.).
The number of ICMP messages that the VPN 3002 did not send due to problems within ICMP such as a
lack of buffers.
Destination Unreachable Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received/sent. Destination Unreachable
messages apply to many network situations, including inability to determine a route, an unusable source
route specified, and the Don’t Fragment flag set for a packet that must be fragmented.
Time Exceeded Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received/sent. Time Exceeded messages indicate that the
lifetime of the packet has expired, or that a router cannot reassemble a packet within a time limit.
Parameter Problems Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received/sent. Parameter Problem messages indicate
a syntactic or semantic error in an IP header.
Source Quench Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Source Quench messages received/sent. Source Quench messages provide
rudimentary flow control; they request a reduction in the rate of sending traffic on the network.
Redirects Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Redirect messages received/sent. Redirect messages advise that there is a better
route to a particular destination.
Echo Requests (PINGs) Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received/sent. Echo messages are probably the most
visible ICMP messages. They test the communication path between network entities by asking for Echo
Reply response messages.
Echo Replies (PINGs) Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received/sent. Echo Reply messages are sent in response to
Echo messages, to test the communication path between network entities.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ICMP
Timestamp Requests Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received/sent. Timestamp messages measure the
propagation delay between network entities by including the originating time in the message, and asking
for the receipt time in a Timestamp Reply message.
Timestamp Replies Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received/sent. Timestamp Reply messages are sent in
response to Timestamp messages, to measure propagation delay in the network.
Address Mask Requests Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received/sent. Address Mask Request messages
ask for the address (subnet) mask for the LAN to which a router connects.
Address Mask Replies Received/Transmitted
The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received/sent. Address Mask Reply messages
respond to Address Mask Request messages by supplying the address (subnet) mask for the LAN to
which a router connects.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ARP Table
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ARP Table
This screen shows entries in the Address Resolution Protocol mapping table since the VPN 3002 was
last booted or reset. ARP matches IP addresses with physical MAC addresses, so the system can forward
traffic to computers on its network. RFC 2011 defines MIB entries in the ARP table.
The entries are sorted first by Interface, then by IP Address. To speed display, the Manager might
construct multiple 64-row tables. Use the scroll controls (if present) to view the entire series of tables.
You can also delete dynamic, or learned, entries in the mapping table.
Figure 13-23 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ARP Table Screen
.
Refresh
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | ARP Table
Interface
The VPN 3002 network interface on which this mapping applies:
•
•
Private Interface
Public Interface
Physical Address
The hardwired MAC (Media Access Control) address of a physical network interface card, in 6-byte
hexadecimal notation, that maps to the IP Address. Exceptions are:
•
•
00 = a virtual address for a tunnel.
FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF = a network broadcast address.
IP Address
The IP address that maps to the Physical Address.
The type of mapping:
Mapping Type
•
•
•
•
Other = none of the following.
Invalid = an invalid mapping.
Dynamic = a learned mapping.
Static = a static mapping on the VPN 3002.
Action/Delete
To remove a dynamic, or learned, mapping from the table, click Delete. There is no confirmation or
undo. The Manager deletes the entry and refreshes the screen.
To delete an entry, you must have the administrator privilege to Modify Config under General Access
Rights. See Administration | Access Rights | Administrators.
You cannot delete static mappings.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Ethernet
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Ethernet
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for Ethernet interface traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was
last booted or reset. IEEE standard 802.3 describes Ethernet networks, and RFC 1650 defines Ethernet
interface MIB objects.
To configure Ethernet interfaces, see Configuration | Interfaces.
Figure 13-24 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Ethernet Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
Interface
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
The private or public interface to which the data in this row applies.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Ethernet
Alignment Errors
The number of frames received on this interface that are not an integral number of bytes in length and
do not pass the FCS (Frame Check Sequence; used for error detection) check.
FCS Errors
The number of frames received on this interface that are an integral number of bytes in length but do not
pass the FCS (Frame Check Sequence) check.
Carrier Sense Errors
The number of times that the carrier sense signal was lost or missing when trying to transmit a frame on
this interface.
SQE Test Errors
The number of times that the SQE (Signal Quality Error) Test Error message was generated for this
interface. The SQE message tests the collision circuits on an interface.
Frame Too Long Errors
The number of frames received on this interface that exceed the maximum permitted frame size.
Deferred Transmits
The number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on this interface is delayed because the
medium is busy. This number does not include frames involved in collisions.
Single Collisions
The number of successfully transmitted frames on this interface for which transmission is inhibited by
exactly one collision. This number is not included in the Multiple Collisions number.
Multiple Collisions
The number of successfully transmitted frames on this interface for which transmission is inhibited by
more than one collision. This number does not include the Single Collisions number.
Late Collisions
The number of times that a collision is detected on this interface later than 512 bit-times into the
transmission of a packet. 512 bit-times = 51.2 microseconds on a 10-Mbps system.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | Ethernet
Excessive Collisions
The number of frames for which transmission on this interface failed due to excessive collisions.
MAC Errors: Transmit
The number of frames for which transmission on this interface failed due to an internal MAC sublayer
transmit error. This number does not include Carrier Sense Errors, Late Collisions, or Excessive
Collisions.
MAC Errors: Receive
The number of frames for which reception on this interface failed due to an internal MAC sublayer
receive error. This number does not include Alignment Errors, FCS Errors, or Frame Too Long Errors.
Speed (Mbps)
Duplex
The nominal bandwidth of the interface in megabits per second.
The current LAN duplex transmission mode for this interface:
•
•
Full = Full-Duplex: transmission in both directions at the same time.
Half = Half-Duplex: transmission in only one direction at a time.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | SNMP
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | SNMP
This screen shows statistics in MIB-II objects for SNMP traffic on the VPN 3002 since it was last booted
or reset. RFC 1907 defines SNMP version 2 MIB objects.
To configure the VPN 3002 SNMP server, see Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP.
Figure 13-25 Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | SNMP Screen
Reset
To reset, or start anew, the screen contents, click Reset. The system temporarily resets a counter for the
chosen statistics without affecting the operation of the device. You can then view statistical information
without affecting the actual current values of the counters or other management sessions. The function
is like that of a vehicle’s trip odometer, versus the regular odometer.
Restore
Refresh
To restore the screen contents to their actual statistical values, click Restore. This icon displays only if you
previously clicked the Reset icon.
To update the screen and its data, click Refresh. The date and time indicate when the screen was last
updated.
Requests Received
The total number of SNMP messages received by the VPN 3002.
Bad Version
The total number of SNMP messages received that were for an unsupported SNMP version. The
VPN 3002 supports SNMP version 2.
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | SNMP
Bad Community String
The total number of SNMP messages received that used an SNMP community string the VPN 3002 did
not recognize. See Configuration | System | Management Protocols | SNMP Communities to configure
permitted community strings. To protect security, the VPN 3002 does not include the usual default public
community string.
Parsing Errors
Silent Drops
Proxy Drops
The total number of syntax or transmission errors encountered by the VPN 3002 when decoding received
SNMP messages.
The total number of SNMP request messages that were silently dropped because the reply exceeded the
maximum allowable message size.
The total number of SNMP request messages that were silently dropped because the transmission of the
reply message to a proxy target failed for some reason (other than a timeout).
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Chapter 13 Monitoring
Monitoring | Statistics | MIB-II | SNMP
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C H A P T E R
14
Using the Command-Line Interface
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client command-line interface (CLI) is a menu- and command-line-based
configuration, administration, and monitoring system built into the VPN 3002. You use it via the system
console or a Telnet (or Telnet over SSL) session.
You can use the command-line interface to completely manage the system. You can access and configure
the same parameters as the HTML-based VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager.
This chapter describes general features of the command-line interface and how to access and use it. It
does not describe the individual menu items and parameter entries. For information on specific
parameters and options, see the corresponding section of the Manager in this manual. For example, to
understand Ethernet interface configuration parameters and choices, see Configuration | Interfaces |
Accessing the Command-line Interface
You can access the command-line interface in two ways: via the system console or a Telnet (or Telnet
over SSL) client.
Console Access
To use the console:
1. Connect a PC to the VPN 3002 via an RJ-45 serial cable (which Cisco supplies with the system)
between the console port on the VPN 3002 and the COM1 or serial port on the PC. For more
information, see the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Getting Started guide.
2. Start a terminal emulator (e.g., HyperTerminal) on the PC. Configure a connection to COM1 with
port settings of:
9600 bits per second.
8 data bits.
No parity.
1 stop bit.
Set the emulator for VT100 emulation, or let it auto-detect the emulation type.
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Starting the Command-line Interface
3. Press Enter on the PC keyboard until you see the login prompt. (You might see a password prompt
and error messages as you press Enter; ignore them and stop at the login prompt.)
Login: _
Telnet or Telnet/SSL access
To access the command-line interface via a Telnet or Telnet/SSL client:
1. Enable the Telnet or Telnet/SSL server on the VPN 3002. (They are both enabled by default on the
private network.) See the Configuration | System | Management Protocols | Telnet screen on the
Manager.
2. Start the Telnet or Telnet/SSL client, and connect to the VPN 3002 using these parameters:
Host Name or Session Name = The IP address on the VPN 3002 private interface; e.g., 10.10.147.2
Port = Telnet (default Telnet port is 23, Telnet/SSL port is 992)
Terminal Type = VT100 or ANSI
Note
Telnet/SSL: If the client offers it, enable both SSL and SSL only.
3. The VPN 3002 displays a login prompt.
Login: _
Starting the Command-line Interface
You start the command-line interface by logging in.
Login usernames and passwords for both console and Telnet access are the same as those configured and
enabled for administrators. See the Administration | Access Rights | Administrators screen. By default,
only adminis enabled.
This example uses the factory-supplied default admin login and password. If you have changed them,
use your entries.
At the prompts, enter the administrator login name and password. Entries are case-sensitive.
Login: admin
Password: admin (The CLI does not show your entry.)
The CLI displays the opening welcome message, the main menu, and the Main ->prompt.
Welcome to
Cisco Systems
VPN 3002 Hardware Client
Command Line Interface
Copyright (C) 1998-2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> _
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Using the Command-line Interface
Using the Command-line Interface
This section explains how to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Choose menu items.
Enter values for parameters and options.
Specify configured items by number or name.
Navigate quickly, using shortcuts, through the menus.
Display a brief help message.
Save entries to the system configuration file.
Stop the command-line interface.
Understand administrator access rights.
The command-line interface displays menus or prompts at every level to guide you in choosing
configurable options and setting parameters. The prompt always shows the menu context.
Choosing Menu Items
To use the command-line interface, enter a number at the prompt that corresponds to the desired menu
item, and press Enter.
For example, this is the Configuration > System > General > System Identification menu:
1) Set System Name
2) Set Contact
3) Set Location
4) Back
General -> _
Enter 1to set the system name.
Entering Values
The command-line interface shows any current or default value for a parameter in brackets [ ]. To
change the value, enter a new value at the prompt. To leave the value unchanged, just press Enter.
Continuing the example above, this is the prompt to enter a value for the system name:
> Host Name
General -> [ Lab VPN ] _
You can enter a new name at the prompt, or just press Enter to keep the current name.
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Using the Command-line Interface
Navigating Quickly
There are two ways to move quickly through the command-line interface: shortcut numbers, and the
Back/Home options. Both ways work only when you are at a menu, not when you are at a value entry.
Using Shortcut Numbers
When you become familiar with the structure of the interface, which parallels the HTML-based
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager, you can quickly access any level by entering a series of numbers
separated by periods. For example, suppose you want to change the Access Rights for Administrators.
The series of menus that gets to that level from the main menu is:
Main -> _
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> 2 (Administration)
) Software Update
2) System Reboot
3) Ping
4) Access Rights
5) File Management
6) Certificate Management
7) Back
Config -> 4 (Access Rights)
1) Administrators
2) Access Settings
3) Back
Admin -> 1
Administrative Users
------------------------
Username
Enabled
------------------------
admin
config
isp
Yes
No
No
------------------------
1) Modify Administrator
2) Back
Admin -> 1
> Which Administrator to Modify
Admin ->
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Using the Command-line Interface
As a shortcut, you can just enter 2.4.1.1at the Main->prompt, and move directly to the Modify
Administrators menu:
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> 2.4.1.1
> Which Administrator to Modify
Admin ->
Note
At this last prompt, you cannot use a number shortcut. At this prompt, you must type in the name of
the administrator you want to modify, for example, config.
Admin -> config
The prompt always shows the current context in the menu structure.
Using Back and Home
Most menus include a numbered Back choice. Instead of entering a number, you can just enter bor Bto
move back to the previous menu.
Also, at any menu level, you can just enter hor Hto move home to the main menu.
Getting Help Information
To display a brief help message, enter 5at the main menu prompt. The command-line interface explains
how to navigate through menus and enter values. This help message is available only at the main menu.
Cisco Systems. Help information for the Command Line Interface
From any menu except the Main menu.
-- ’B’ or ’b’ for Back to previous menu.
-- ’H’ or ’h’ for Home back to the main menu.
For Data entry
-- Current values are in ’[ ]’s. Just hit ’Enter’ to accept value.
1) View Help Again
2) Back
Help -> _
To return to the main menu from this help menu, enter hor H(for home), or 2or bor B(for back) at the
prompt.
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Using the Command-line Interface
Saving the Configuration File
Configuration and administration entries take effect immediately and are included in the active, or
running, configuration. However, if you reboot the VPN 3002 without saving the active configuration,
you lose any changes.
To save changes to the system configuration (CONFIG) file, navigate to the main menu. At the prompt,
enter 4 for Save changes to Config file.
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> 4
The system writes the active configuration to the CONFIG file and redisplays the main menu.
Stopping the Command-line Interface
To stop the command-line interface, navigate to the main menu and enter 6 for Exitat the prompt:
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> 6
Done
Make sure you save any configuration changes before you exit from the CLI.
Understanding Access Rights
What you see and can configure depends on administrator access rights. If you do not have permission
to configure an option, you see -), rather than a number, in menus. For example, here is the main menu
for the default Monitor administrator:
-) Configuration
-) Administration
3) Monitoring
-) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> _
The default Monitor administrator can only monitor the VPN 3002, not configure system parameters or
administer the system.
information.
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
Menu Reference
This section shows all the menus in the first three levels below the main menu. (There are many
additional menus below the third level; and within the first three levels, there are some non-menu
parameter settings. To keep this chapter at a reasonable size, we show only the menus here.)
The numbers in each heading are the keyboard shortcut to reach that menu from the main menu. For
example, entering 1.3.1at the main menu prompt takes you to the Configuration > System
Management> IP Routing menu.
Note
The menus and options, and thus the keyboard shortcuts, might change with new software versions.
Please check familiar shortcuts carefully when using a new release.
Main Menu
1) Configuration
2) Administration
3) Monitoring
4) Save changes to Config file
5) Help Information
6) Exit
Main -> _
1 Configuration
1) Quick Configuration
2) Interface Configuration
3) System Management
4) Policy Management
5) Back
Config -> _
1.1 Configuration > Quick Configuration
See the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Getting Started guide for complete information about Quick
Configuration.
1.2 Configuration > Interface Configuration
This table shows current IP addresses.
..
1) Configure the Private Interface
2) Configure the Public Interface
3) Back
Interfaces -> _
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
1.2.1 or 1.2.2 Configuration > Interface Configuration > Configure the Private/Public Interface
1) Enable/Disable
2) Set IP Address
3) Set Subnet Mask
4) Select Ethernet Speed
5) Select Duplex
6) Back
Private/Public Interface -> _
1.3 Configuration > System Management
1) Servers (DNS)
2) Tunneling Protocols (IPSec)
3) IP Routing (static routes, etc.)
4) Management Protocols (Telnet, HTTP, etc.)
5) Event Configuration
6) General Config (system name, time, etc.)
7) Back
System -> _
1.3.1 Configuration > System Management > Servers
1) DNS Servers
2) Back
Servers -> _
1.3.2 Configuration > System Management > Tunneling Protocols
1) IPSec
2) Back
Tunnel -> _
1.3.3 Configuration > System Management > IP Routing
1) Static Routes
2) Default Gateway
3) DHCP
4) DHCP Options
5) Back
Routing -> _
1.3.4 Configuration > System Management > Management Protocols
1) Configure HTTP/HTTPS
2) Configure Telnet
3) Configure SNMP
4) Configure SNMP Community Strings
5) Configure SSL
7) Configure XML
8) Back
Network -> _
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
1.3.5 Configuration > System Management > Event Configuration
1) General
2) Classes
3) Trap Destinations
4) Syslog Servers
5) Back
Event -> _
1.3.6 Configuration > System Management > General Config
1) System Identification
2) System Time and Date
3) Back
General -> _
1.4 Configuration > Policy Management
1) Traffic Management
2) Back
Policy -> _
1.4.1 Configuration > Policy Management > Traffic Management
1) Port Address Translation (PAT)
2) Back
Traffic ->
2 Administration
1) Software Update
2) System Reboot
3) Ping
4) Access Rights
5) File Management
6) Certificate Management
7) Back
Admin -> _
2.1 Administration > Software Update
Name of the file for main code upgrade? [vpn3002c.bin]
IP address of the host where the file resides? [10.10.66.10]
(M)odify any of the above (C)ontinue or (E)xit? [M]
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
2.2 Administration > System Reboot
1) Cancel Scheduled Reboot/Shutdown
2) Schedule Reboot
3) Schedule Shutdown
4) Back
Admin -> _
2.2.2 Administration > System Reboot > Schedule Reboot
1) Save active Configuration and use it at Reboot
2) Reboot without saving active Configuration file
3) Reboot ignoring the Configuration file
4) Back
Admin -> _
2.2.3 Administration > System Reboot > Schedule Shutdown
1) Save active configuration and use it at next reboot
2) Shutdown without saving active Configuration file
3) Shutdown, ignoring the Configuration file at next reboot
4) Back
Admin -> _
2.3 Administration > Ping
> Ping host
Admin ->
2.4 Administration > Access Rights
1) Administrators
2) Access Settings
3) Back
Admin -> _
2.4.1 Administration > Access Rights > Administrators
Admin -> 1
Administrative Users
------------------------
Username
Enabled
------------------------
admin
config
isp
Yes
No
No
------------------------
1) Modify Administrator
2) Back
Admin ->
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
2.4.2 Administration > Access Rights > Access Settings
1) Set Session Timeout
2) Set Session Limit
3) SertConfig File Encryption
4) Back
Admin -> _
2.5 Administration > File Management
List of Files
-------------
CONFIG
CONFIG.BAK
1) View Config File
2) Delete Config File
3) View Backup Config File
4) Delete Backup Config File
5) Swap Config Files
6) Upload Config File
7) Back
File -> _
2.5.5 Administration > File Management > Swap Configuration File
Every time the active configuration is saved,...
.
.
.
1) Swap
2) Back
Admin -> _
2.6 Administration > Certificate Management
1) Enrollment
2) Installation
3) Certificate Authorities
4) Identity Certificates
5) SSL Certificate
6) Back
Certificates -> _
2.6.2 Administration > Certificate Management > Installation
1) Install Certificate Authority
2) Install SSL Certificate (from Enrollment)
3) Install SSL Certificate (with private key)
4) Install Identity Certificate (from Enrollment)
5) Back
Certificates -> _
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
2.6.3 Administration > Certificate Management > Certificate Authorities
Certificate Authorities
.
.
.
1) View Certificate
2) Delete Certificate
4) Back
Certificates -> _
2.6.4 Administration > Certificate Management > Identity Certificates
Identity Certificates
.
.
.
1) View Certificate
2) Delete Certificate
3) Back
Certificates -> _
2.6.5 Administration > Certificate Management > SSL Certificate
Subject
.
.
’q’ to Quit, ’<SPACE>’ to Continue ->
.
Issuer
.
.
’q’ to Quit, ’<SPACE>’ to Continue ->
.
Serial Number
.
.
1) Delete Certificate
2) Generate Certificate
3) Back
Certificates -> _
3 Monitoring
1) Routing Table
2) Event Log
3) System Status
4) User Status
5) General Statistics
6) Back
Monitor -> _
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Menu Reference
3.1 Monitoring > Routing Table
Routing Table
.
.
’q’ to Quit, ’<SPACE>’ to Continue ->
.
.
1) Refresh Routing Table
2) Clear Routing Table
3) Back
Routing -> _
3.2 Monitoring > Event Log
1) Configure Log viewing parameters
2) View Event Log
3) Clear Log
4) Back
Log -> _
3.2.2 Monitoring > Event Log > View Event Log
[Event Log entries]
.
.
.
1) First Page
2) Previous Page
3) Next Page
4) Last Page
5) Back
Log -> _
3.3 Monitoring > System Status
System Status
.
.
.
1) Refresh System Status
2) Connect Now
3) Disconnect Now
4) Back
Status -> _
Card Status -> _
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Chapter 14 Using the Command-Line Interface
Menu Reference
3.4 Monitoring > User Status
Authenticated Users
-------------------
Username IP Address
MAC Address
Login Time
Duration
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Refresh User Status
2) Log out User
3) Back
Sessions ->
3.5 Monitoring > General Statistics
1) Protocol Statistics
2) Server Statistics
3) MIB II Statistics
4) Back
General -> _
3.4.1 Monitoring > General Statistics > Protocol Statistics
1) IPSec Statistics
2) HTTP Statistics
3) Telnet Statistics
4) DNS Statistics
5) SSL Statistics
6) SSH Statistics
7) PPPoE Statistics
8) NAT Statistics
9) Back
General -> _
3.4.2 Monitoring > General Statistics > Server Statistics
1) DHCP Statistics
2) Back
General -> _
3.4.3 Monitoring > General Statistics > MIB II Statistics
1) Interface-based
2) System-level
3) Back
MIB2 -> _
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A P P E N D I X
A
Troubleshooting and System Errors
Appendix A describes files for troubleshooting the VPN 3002 and LED indicators on the system. It also
describes common errors that might occur while configuring and using the system, and how to correct
them.
Files for Troubleshooting
The VPN 3002 Hardware Client creates several files that you can examine and that can assist Cisco
support engineers when troubleshooting errors and problems:
•
•
Event log.
SAVELOG.TXT—Event log that is automatically saved when the system crashes and when it is
rebooted.
•
•
•
CRSHDUMP.TXT—Internal system data file that is written when the system crashes.
CONFIG—Normal configuration file used to boot the system.
CONFIG.BAK—Backup configuration file.
Event Logs
The VPN 3002 records system events in the event log, which is stored in nonvolatile memory
(NVRAM). To troubleshoot operational problems, we recommend that you start by examining the event
log. To view the event log, see Administration | File Management | View, and click on View Saved Log
File. To configure events, and to choose the events you want to view, see Configuration | System | Events
and Monitoring | Filterable Event Log.
The VPN 3002 automatically saves the event log to a file in flash memory if it crashes, and when it is
rebooted. This log file is named SAVELOG.TXT, and it overwrites any existing file with that name. The
SAVELOG.TXT file is useful for debugging. To view SAVELOG.TXT, see Administration | File
Management | View, and click on View Saved Log File.
Crash Dump File
If the VPN 3002 crashes during operation, it saves internal system data in nonvolatile memory
(NVRAM), and then automatically writes this data to a CRSHDUMP.TXT file in flash memory when
it is rebooted. This file contains the crash date and time, software version, tasks, stack, registers,
memory, buffers, and timers which help Cisco support engineers diagnose the problem. In case of a
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LED Indicators
crash, we ask that you send this file when you contact TAC for assistance. To view the
CRSHDUMP.TXT file, see Administration | File Management | View, and click on View Saved Log
Crash Dump File.
Configuration Files
The VPN 3002 saves the current boot configuration file (CONFIG) and its predecessor (CONFIG.BAK)
as files in flash memory. These files may be useful for troubleshooting. See Administration | File
Management for information on managing files in flash memory.
LED Indicators
LED indicators on the VPN 3002 are normally green or flashing amber. LEDs that are solid amber or off
may indicate an error condition.
Contact Cisco TAC if any LED indicates an error condition.
VPN 3002 Front LEDs
The LEDs on the front of the VPN 3002 are:
LED
Status
Explanation
PWR
Green
Unit is on and has power.
Unit is powered off.
Off
SYS
VPN
Flashing amber
Solid amber
Flashing green
Green
Unit is performing diagnostics.
Unit has failed diagnostics.
Unit is negotiating DHCP or PPPoE.
Unit is operational.
Off
No VPN tunnel exists.
Tunnel has failed.
Amber
Green
Tunnel is established.
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System Errors
VPN 3002 Rear LEDs
The LEDs on the rear of the VPN 3002 indicate the status of the private and public interfaces.
LED
Explanation
Green
Interface is connected to the network.
Interface is not connected to the network.
Traffic is traveling across the interface.
OFF
Flashing amber
System Errors
If you have configured the VPN 3002, and you are unable to connect to or pass data to the central-site
appendix to check the settings on the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN 3002 connects.
Table A-1 Analyzing System Errors
Problem or Symptom
Possible Solution
Tunnel is not up or not passing data.
PWR LED is off.
Make sure that the power cable is plugged into the VPN
3002 and a power outlet.
SYS LED is solid amber.
Unit has failed diagnostics. Contact Cisco Support
immediately.
You see this LED display:
1. Verify that the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN
3002 connects is running version 3.0 software.
PWR = green
SYS LED = green
VPN LED = off.
2. Navigate to Monitoring > System Status. Click on
Connect Now.
Connect Now did not bring up the
tunnel, and the public interface LED
(rear of unit) is off.
1. Check that a LAN cable is properly attached to the
public interface of the VPN 3002.
2. Make sure the IP address for the public interface is
properly configured.
Public interface LED is on, but
attempting to ping the default gateway
(Administration > Ping) yields no
response.
1. Make sure the default gateway is properly
configured.
2. Contact your ISP.
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Settings on the VPN Concentrator
Table A-1 Analyzing System Errors (continued)
Problem or Symptom
Possible Solution
VPN LED is solid amber (tunnel failed 1. Make sure the IPSec parameters are properly
to establish to central-site VPN
Concentrator).
configured. Verify:
–
Public IP Address of the IKE peer (central-site
VPN Concentrator) is correct.
–
–
Group name and password are correct.
User name and password are correct.
2. Make sure the group and user names and passwords
match those set for the VPN 3002 on the central-site
VPN Concentrator.
3. After you make any changes, navigate to Monitoring
> System Status and click on Connect Now.
4. Study the event log files. To capture more events,
and to interpret events, see Chapter 9, “Events,” in
the VPN 3002 Hardware Client User Reference.
My PC cannot communicate with the
remote network.
1. Verify that the VPN Concentrator to which this VPN
3002 connects is running version 3.0 software.
2. Navigate to Monitoring > System Status and click
on Connect Now.
Connect Now worked.
LED(s) for the private interface/switch Make sure that a LAN cable is properly attached to the
port are off. private interface of the VPN 3002 and the PC.
LED(s) for the private interface/switch 1. Is this PC configured as a DHCP client? If so, verify
port are on.
that the DHCP server on the VPN 3002 is enabled.
2. With any method of address assignment, verify that
the PC has an IP address and subnet mask.
Attempting to ping the default
gateway (Administration > Ping)
yields no response.
1. Make sure your PC has an appropriate IP address,
reachable on this network.
2. Contact your network administrator.
Settings on the VPN Concentrator
If your VPN 3002 experiences connectivity problems, check the configuration of the VPN Concentrator.
Step 1
Step 2
Configure the connection as a Client, not LAN-to-LAN.
Assign this VPN 3002 to a group. Configure group and user names and passwords. These must match
the group and user names and passwords that you set on the VPN 3002. Refer to Chapter 14, “User
Management,” in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference Volume I.
Step 3
If the VPN 3002 uses PAT mode, enable a method of address assignment for the VPN 3002: DHCP,
address pools, per user, or client specified. Refer to Chapter 6, “Address Management,” in the VPN 3000
Series Concentrator Reference Volume I.
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VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
Step 4
Step 5
If you are using Network Extension mode, configure a default gateway or a static route to the private
network of the VPN 3002. Refer to Chapter 8, “IP Routing,” in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator
Reference Volume I.
Check the Event log. Refer to Chapter 10, “Events,” in the VPN 3000 Series Concentrator Reference
Volume I.
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
The following sections describe errors that might occur while using the HTML-based VPN 3002
Hardware Client Manager with a browser.
Invalid Login or Session Timeout
Figure A-1 Invalid Login or Session Tim eout Screen
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VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
Table A-2 Invalid Login or Session Tim eout Screen
Problem
Possible Cause
Solution
You entered an
invalid administrator
login-name and
password
•
•
Typing error.
•
Reenter the login name and
password, and click on Login.
Invalid (unrecognized)
login name or password.
•
•
Use a valid login name and password.
Verify your typing before clicking on
Login.
combination
The Manager session
has been idle longer
than the configured
timeout interval.
(The default timeout
interval is 600
•
No activity has occurred On the Administration | Access Rights |
for (interval) seconds. The Access Settings screen, change the
Manager resets the
Session Timeout interval to a larger value
inactivity time only when and click on Apply.
you click on an action
button such as Apply,
Add, or Cancel, or a link
on a screen that invokes a
different screen. Entering
values or setting
seconds, which
equals 10 minutes).
parameters on a given
screen does not reset the
timer.
•
The timeout interval is set
too low for normal use.
Manager Logs Out
The Manager unexpectedly logs out.
Table A-3 Brow ser Refresh or Reload Button Logs Out the Manager.
Problem
Possible Cause
Solution
You clicked on the Refresh or To protect access security, clicking
Do not use the browser
Reload button on the browser on Refresh or Reload on the browser navigation toolbar buttons
navigation toolbar, and the
Manager logged out. The main Manager session.
login screen displays.
toolbar automatically logs out the
with the VPN 3002 Hardware
Client Manager.
Use only the Manager Refresh
button where it appears on a
screen.
We recommend that you hide
the browser navigation toolbar
to prevent mistakes.
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VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
Incorrect Display
The Manager displays an incorrect screen or data when you click on the browser back or forward button.
Table A-4 Brow ser Back or Forward Button Displays an Incorrect Screen or Incorrect Data
Problem
Possible Cause
Solution
You clicked on the Back To protect security and Do not use the browser navigation toolbar buttons
or Forward button on
the browser navigation entries, clicking on
toolbar, and the Back or Forward on
Manager displayed the the browser toolbar
the integrity of data
with the VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager.
Navigate using the location bar at the top of the
Manager window, the table of contents in the left
frame, or links on Manager screens.
wrong screen or
incorrect data.
deletes pointers and
values within the
Manager.
We recommend that you hide the browser
navigation toolbar to prevent mistakes.
Error Message
The Manager displays a screen with the message: “Error/An error has occurred while attempting to
perform the operation.” An additional error message describes the erroneous operation (see Figure A-2).
Figure A-2 Error Screen
Table A-5 Error Message Displays
Problem
Possible cause
Solution
You tried to perform
some operation that is
not allowed.
The screen displays a
message that describes
the cause.
•
Click on Retry the operation to return to the
screen where you were working and correct
the mistake. Carefully check all your previous
entries on that screen. The Manager attempts
to retain valid entries, but invalid entries are
lost.
•
Click on Go to main menu to go to the main
Manager screen.
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VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
Not Allowed Message
The Manager displays a screen with the message: “Not Allowed / You do not have sufficient
Figure A-3 Not Allowed Screen
Table A-6 Not Allowed Message Displays
Problem
Possible cause
Solution
You tried to access an
area of the Manager that
you do not have
•
You logged in using
•
Log in using the system administrator login
name and password. (Defaults are admin /
admin.)
an administrator
login name that has
limited privileges.
authorization to access.
•
•
Log in from a workstation with greater access
privileges.
•
You logged in from
a workstation that
has limited access
privileges.
Have the system administrator change your
privileges on the Administration |
Access Rights | Administrators screen.
•
Have the system administrator change the
privileges of your workstation on the
Administration | Access Rights | Access
Control List screen.
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VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager Errors
Not Found
The Manager displays a screen with the message: “Not Found/An error has occurred while attempting
to access the specified page.” The screen includes additional information that identifies system activity
and parameters.
Figure A-4 Not Found Screen
Table A-7 Not Found Message Displays
Problem
Possible cause
Solution
The Manager could not
find a screen.
•
You updated the
Clear the browser’s cache: delete its temporary
software image and internet files, history files, and location bar
did not clear the
references. Then try again.
browser’s cache.
•
There is an internal Please note the system information on the screen
Manager error.
and contact Cisco support personnel for
assistance.
Microsoft Internet Explorer Script Error: No such interface supported
Microsoft Internet Explorer displays a Script Error dialog box that includes the error message: No such
interface supported.
Table A-8 Microsoft Internet Explorer Script Error
Problem
Possible cause
Solution
While using a Manager function A bug in the Internet Explorer
1. Click on No on the error
that opens another browser
window (such as Save Needed,
Help, Software Update, etc.),
Internet Explorer cannot open
the window and displays the
error dialog box.
JavaScript interpreter.
dialog box.
2. Log out of the Manager.
3. Close Internet Explorer.
4. Reinstall Internet Explorer.
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Command-line Interface Errors
Command-line Interface Errors
These errors may occur while using the menu-based command-line interface from a console or Telnet
session.
Table A-9 Com m and-Line Interface Errors
Error
Problem
Possible Cause
Solution
ERROR:-- Bad IP
Address/Subnet Mask/Wildcard valid 4-byte dotted
Mask/Area ID
The system expected a
•
You entered something other At the prompt, reenter a valid
than a 4-byte dotted decimal 4-byte dotted decimal number.
number. You might have
omitted a byte position, or
entered a number greater
decimal entry, and the
entry was not in that
format.
than 255 in a byte position.
•
•
•
You entered 0.0.0.0 instead
of an appropriate address.
ERROR:-- Out of Range value
entered. Try again.
The system expected a
number within a
certain range, and the
entry was outside that
range.
You entered a letter instead At the prompt, reenter a
of a number.
number in the appropriate
range.
You entered a number
greater than the possible
menu numbers.
ERROR:-- The Passwords do not The entry for a
match. Please try again. password and the entry
•
•
You mistyped an entry.
At the Verify prompt, reenter
the password. If the original
password is incorrect, press
Enter and reenter both the
password and the verification
at the prompts.
You entered either a
password or verify entry, but
not the other.
to verify the password
do not match.
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I N D E X
Nu m e ric s
B
backup configuration file
swapping 12-13
A
backup servers
access rights
configuring 6-3
administration 12-9
overview 6-4
add
bootcode
browser
administrators
Back or Forward button displays incorrect screen or
requirements 1-1
configuring 12-9
built-in servers, configuring See management
protocols 8-1
password 12-10
predefined 12-10
C
CA (Certificate Authority)
definition 12-16
CA certificates
authentication
definition 12-16
installing 12-44
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certificate
concentrator settings
CONFIG.BAK file
PEM-encoded 12-28
Certificate Authority (CA)
definition 12-16
See backup configuration file
configuration
certificate request
fields 12-20
quick 2-1
certificates
system 4-1
See also digital certificates
CLI
configuration files
accessing 14-1
swap 12-13
configuring
starting 14-2
interfaces 3-1
connecting to VPN Concentrator
stopping 14-6
using 14-1, 14-3
client mode
conventions
definition 11-1
See also PAT mode
documentation xv
typographic xv
Command Line Interface
See CLI
crash
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crash, system
renewal 12-54
root 12-16
SCEP-enabled 12-17
D
troubleshooting 12-17
X.509 12-16
data initiation
default
DNS
delete
statistics 13-27
documentation
DHCP 7-9
additional xi
cautions xii
conventions xv
notes xii
obtaining xiii
downloading
statistics 13-30
digital certificates
CA 12-16
definition 12-16
deleting 12-30, 12-57
expiration 12-17
E
encryption algorithms
SSH 8-14
fields 12-51
SSL 8-11
identity 12-16, 12-32
enrolling
manually 12-19
certificates 12-37
enrollment request
managing 12-16
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cancelling 12-60
event log
creating 12-37
deleting 12-61
PKCS-10 12-24, 12-40
definition 9-4
format 9-6, 13-5
get 13-5
error
live 13-6
monitoring 13-3, 13-6
save 13-5
view 13-5
viewing 13-6
F
stopping 12-3, 12-14
Ethernet
flash memory
corrupting 12-2, 12-5
format
interface
event
data xiii
class 9-1
syslog 9-6
configuring 9-5
configuring for special handling
modify 9-10
G
add 9-10
definition 9-1
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idle timeout
image, software
H
filenames 12-3
individual user authentication
host key
installing
SSH 8-13
HTTP
enabling 8-2
statistics 13-22
HTTPS
SSL certificate
definition 1-3
interactive hardware client authentication
enabling 8-3
interfaces
configuring 3-1
Ethernet, configuring
I
status 3-3
ICMP
PING 12-7
identity certificates
IP routing
definition 12-16
enrolling 12-20, 12-37
installing 12-20
configuring 7-1
IPSec
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attributes configurable on the central-site
menu
concentrator 6-2
configuring 6-2
statistics 13-16
requirements 6-6
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
standards 12-50
MIB-II
J
statistics 13-39
L
interfaces 13-40
LED indicators
SNMP 13-56
TCP/UDP 13-42
log file
modifying
See also event log
login
screen 1-3
HTTPS 1-17
N
NAT (Network Address Translation)
definition 11-1
using interactive hardware client authentication and
navigating
M
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Telnet 8-5
PPPoE
statistics 13-36
O
private interface
configuring 3-4
options configurable only on central-site
Concentrator 7-9
definition 3-1
public interface
configuring 3-6
P
definition 3-1
password
administrator 12-10
PAT mode
Q
configuring 11-6
definition 11-1
enabling 11-6
R
peer 6-2
reboot
system 12-5
PKCS-10
port number
remote server
HTTP 8-3
configuring 6-3
HTTPS 8-3
requirements
SNMP 8-6
SSH 8-14
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browser 1-1
self-signed certificates
SSL 12-16
JavaScript 1-2
servers
session idle timeout
session key
SSH 8-13
S
SNMP
saving
SCEP
enabling 8-6
(Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol),
definition 12-16
add 9-13
troubleshooting 12-17
modify 9-13
SNMP communities
screen
secure connection
adding 8-8
configuring 8-7
modifying 8-8
See also tunnel
software image
tunnel 6-1
filenames 12-3, 13-9
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updating on VPN 3002
procedure 12-2
split tunneling
SSH
X.509 12-50
X.520 12-50
enable 8-14
static routes
adding 7-3
modifying 7-3
statistics
DHCP 13-30
DNS 13-27
HTTP 13-22
statistics 13-32
IPSec 13-16
SSL
MIB-II 13-39
statistics 13-28
Ethernet 13-53
ICMP 13-48
interfaces 13-40
enrolling 12-37
SNMP 13-56
generating 12-33
TCP/UDP 13-42
monitoring 13-1, 13-15
PPPoE 13-36
obtaining 12-28
SSH 13-32
SSL 13-28
standards
Telnet 13-25
stopping
CLI 14-6
ITU 12-50
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syslog server
traps, configuring
"well-known" 9-8
configuring for events
add 9-16
modify 9-16
troubleshooting
tunnel
system status
endpoint 6-1
monitoring 13-8
initiation 11-4
protocols 6-1
T
Telnet
U
enabling 8-4
statistics 13-25
Telnet over SSL
V
viewing
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SSL certificates
VPN 3002 status, sessions, statistics, and event
logs 13-1
VPN 3002 Hardware Client Manager
navigating 1-28
organization 1-27
window 1-23
VPN Concentrator Manager
using 1-1
W
WINS
X
X.509
standards 12-50
XML
configuring 8-16
enabling 8-16
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