3Com Switch Webcache 1000 3C16115 User Manual

SuperStack 3

Webcache 1000 (3C16115)

Webcache 3000 (3C16116)

User Guide

http://www.3com.com/

Part No. DUA1611-5AAA02

Published May 2001

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CONTENTS

A BO UT T HIS G UIDE

Conventions 12

Suggested Solution

The Power/Self test

LED does not light

Check that the power cable is firmly connected to the

Webcache and to the supply outlet. If the connection is

secure and there is still no power, you may have a faulty

power cord.

On powering-up, the

Power/Self test LED

lights yellow

The Webcache has failed during its power-up sequence

because of an internal problem. Contact your supplier for

advice.

A link is connected but Check that:

the Status LED for the

port does not light

All connections are secure.

The devices at both ends of the link are powered-up.

The quality of cable is satisfactory.

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Deploying the Webcache in Your Network

Deploying the

Webcache in Your

Network

You must determine how you are going to deploy the Webcache in your

network. The Webcache can be deployed in two ways:

Proxy Cache mode — The Webcache is connected to a Layer 2 switch

in your LAN. You must configure the Web browser on each client

machine in your network to direct its Web requests to the Webcache.

Transparent Cache mode — The Webcache is connected to a Layer 4

redirection device — a switch, router or firewall in your LAN which is

capable of Redirection. No configuration of the Web browser on each

client machine is needed because the Layer 4 device automatically

redirects Web requests to the Webcache.

CAUTION: 3Com recommends that you deploy your Webcache on the

LAN side of a firewall, or on the SuperStack 3 Firewall's DMZ port as

described in “Deploying the SuperStack 3 Firewall as a Proxy Forwarder”

on page 35.

The term “Web requests” refers to three types of network traffic; HTTP,

HTTPS (SSL encrypted) and HTTP-FTP. The Webcache can accept all of

these traffic types. In Proxy Cache mode, you should configure the Web

browser on each client machine to use the Webcache as the server for

each of these protocols.

HTTPS (SSL encrypted) traffic is only passed through by the Webcache; it

is not decoded or cached.

Proxy Cache Figure 9 Proxy Cache Deployment

Client Machine

Server

WAN Gateway

LAN

WAN

Server

LAN

Link Status

Activity

Cache Storage

Power/Self test

Status

Cache Storage Status

green

yellow

Webcache

3000

green

yellow

100 Mbps

10 Mbps

failed

3C16116

SuperStack^®

Webcache

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

In the Proxy Cache deployment the Webcache is connected to an

Ethernet switch in your LAN. You must configure the Web browser on

each client machine in your network to explicitly direct its Web requests

to the Webcache. For more information on Web browser configuration,

see “Configuring Web Browsers” on page 49.

All Web requests are received and served by the Webcache. All non-Web

traffic bypasses the Webcache and is sent directly to the appropriate

destination.

If the Webcache fails, access to the Web is lost because each client

machine has been configured to direct its Web requests to the

Webcache.

You can avoid this loss of access to the Web by using Proxy Auto

Configuration (PAC) files to configure the Web browser on each client

machine. The PAC file can instruct the browser to go directly to the Web

if the Webcache is not available. For more information, see page 50.

Transparent Cache Figure 10 Transparent Cache Deployment

In the Transparent Cache deployment the Webcache is connected to a

Layer 4 switch, router or firewall in your LAN which is capable of

Redirection. The Layer 4 device (also known as a Layer 4 redirector or

Web-enabled device) automatically redirects all Web requests to the

Webcache. Therefore no configuration of the Web browser on each client

machine is needed, which avoids configuration problems and reduces the

demand on technical support.

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Deploying the Webcache in Your Network

If the Webcache fails, the Layer 4 device will detect the failure and

redirect Web requests to the WAN, if the device supports Webcache

health-checks, ensuring that access to the Web is maintained.

Deploying the Webcache in Transparent mode has benefits for the

security of your network. It ensures that only client machines that are

inside your network can access the systems and resources within it. This

eliminates the need for serious access controls.

Migrating from Proxy Client machines with Web browsers that are configured to use the

Cache to Transparent Webcache as a Proxy Cache (either directly or through Browser

Cache Mode Auto-Configuration) can continue to use the Webcache as a Proxy Cache

if you change the Webcache to a Transparent Cache deployment. This

allows you to gradually migrate the client machines in your network from

a pure Proxy Cache configuration to a pure Transparent Cache

configuration, by changing the Web browsers to Transparent Cache

mode as required.

Deploying the The following example describes how to install the SuperStack 3 Firewall

SuperStack 3 Firewall (3CR16110-9x) as a Proxy Forwarder. The network layout is shown in

as a Proxy Forwarder Figure 11 below.

Figure 11 Deploying the Firewall and Webcache Together

frastru

ctu

Key:

Router

SuperStack 3

Superstack 3

10/100 Mbps

Client PC

Firewall

Webcache

Switch

1 Install the Webcache as described in this Chapter, taking into account any

safety information.

a Install the Webcache on a Hub or Switch connected to the DMZ port

of the Firewall. Use the LAN port of the Webcache for this connection.

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

Network Address Translation (NAT) does not apply to the DMZ port of the

Firewall so you will need to configure the Webcache with a registered IP

address.

b Set the Webcache to Proxy Mode. This setting can be made from the

Getting Started Wizard or by selecting Device View > System >

Caching > Set Caching Mode from the Web interface.

c In the Port Number field enter the number 8080 (this is the default

value).

d Do not enable Web Site Blocking on the Webcache as the Firewall has

more advanced filtering abilities and is able to use the 3Com Web Site

Filter (3C16111) if installed.

2 Install the Firewall according to the Superstack 3 Firewall User Guide

(DUA1611-0AAA0x) taking into account any safety information.

a On the Web interface of the Firewall click Advanced then Proxy Relay.

b In the Proxy Web Server Address field enter the IP address of your

Webcache.

c In the Proxy Web Server Port field enter the number 8080.

d Click Update to save your changes.

3 No configuration is necessary on the client machines. The Firewall will

intercept any HTTP requests for external URLs and will forward the traffic

to the Webcache.

Setting Up the

Webcache for

Management

You can quickly set up the Webcache for management in two ways:

Setting Up Using the Web Interface — Connect a management

workstation to the Webcache over an IP test network or directly via a

cross-over cable. For more information, see “Setting Up Using the

Web Interface” on page 38.

Setting Up Using the Command Line Interface — Connect a

management workstation to the Webcache over an IP test network or

connect a terminal or terminal emulator to the console port of the

Webcache directly, or through a modem. For more information, see

“Setting Up Using the Command Line Interface” on page 40.

CAUTION: You must configure the basic settings of the Webcache by

completing the Getting Started wizard before you introduce the

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Setting Up the Webcache for Management

Webcache to your live network. In particular, ensure that the IP settings

of the Webcache fit into those of your network. For more information,

see “Getting Started Wizard Settings” on page 43.

Before You Begin To setup the Webcache for management, you must correctly configure it

with the following information. Ensure that you have this information for

the Webcache ready before you begin.

An IP address — for more information, see “IP Addresses ” on

page 45.

A subnet mask — for more information, see “Subnets and Using a

Subnet Mask” on page 46.

A default router address — for more information, see “Default

Router” on page 46.

A Domain Name System (DNS) server address — for more

information, see “Domain Name System” on page 47.

A Network Time Protocol (NTP) address — for more information,

see the “System Time” chapter on page 67. You can choose to enter

the system time manually instead of using NTP.

A Host Name — The Host Name is combined with the Domain

Name System domain to give the internet name of the Webcache.

The host name is the name of the Webcache within the local domain.

A Domain Name System (DNS) domain — The Domain Name

System domain is combined with the Host Name to give the internet

name of the Webcache. The domain name is a grouping of computers

with related properties. For example you might group all computers in

your company in the domain mycompany.com.

Example

The internet (DNS) name webcache.mycompany.com is formed by

combining the Host Name webcache with the DNS domain

mycompany.com.

A Caching Mode — for more information, see “Deploying the

Webcache in Your Network” on page 33.

A Caching Port Number — The Caching Port Number is the port on

which the Webcache will listen for traffic. The default number is 8080.

The caching port number is only required if you set the Caching Mode

to “Proxy Mode”.

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

Setting Up Using the You can setup the Webcache for management via the Web interface by

Web Interface using a Web browser on a management workstation that is connected to

the Webcache over your test network, or directly using a cross-over cable.

Setting Up Over the Test Network

The Webcache is pre-configured with a default IP address, which is within

the range of addresses reserved by the IETF for private IP networks. This

default address allows you to run the Web interface without any initial

configuration of IP addresses. The default IP address of the Webcache is

192.168.1.253.

Figure 12 Setting Up Over the Test Network

Switch/Hub

LAN

WAN

Activity

Cache Storage

Power/Self test

Status

Link Status

Cache Storage

green

yellow

Status

Webcache

3000

green

yellow

100 Mb

10 Mb

failed

Link Status

3C16116

SuperStack^®

Client Machine

Webcache

To connect the Webcache to the test network:

The client machine must be in the same subnet as the Webcache to be

able to access it using the default IP address.

You must have an IP stack correctly installed on the client machine.

You can check this by trying to browse the World Wide Web; if you

can browse, an IP stack is installed. If you do not have access to the

World Wide Web, you can check that the IP stack is installed by

pinging another device in your network. For more information, see

“Pinging Other Devices” on page 91.

Setting Up Using a Cross-over Cable

Alternatively, you can directly connect a client machine to the Webcache

by attaching a cross-over cable to the LAN port on the rear panel. For

more information, see “Webcache — Rear View Detail” on page 20.

Figure 13 Setting Up Using a Cross-over Cable

Connected Using a Cross-over Cable

LAN

WAN

Activity

Cache Storage

Power/Self test

Status

Link Status

Cache Storage

green

yellow

Status

Webcache

3000

green

yellow

100 Mb

10 Mb

failed

Link Status

3C16116

SuperStack

^®3

Client Machine

Webcache

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Setting Up the Webcache for Management

Accessing the Web Interface

To access the Web interface:

1 Open the Web browser on the management workstation. To display the

Web interface correctly, use one of the following Web browsers:

Microsoft Internet Explorer v4.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.5

Netscape Communicator v4.5

Netscape Communicator v4.6

Netscape Communicator v4.7

Netscape Navigator version 6 is not supported by the Webcache.

For the browser to operate the Web interface correctly JavaScript^™and

Cascading Style Sheets must be enabled on your browser. These features

are enabled on a browser by default. You will only need to enable them if

you have changed your browser settings. Also the Web interface has

been optimised for PC screens with the desktop area set to 800 by 600

pixels. 3Com recommends that you set the font size to Small Fonts.

2 In the Location/Address field of the browser, enter the URL of the

Webcache. This must be in the format:

http://nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn:8081

where nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is the IP address of the Webcache and 8081 is

the port on which the Webcache listens. You must enter http:// and the

port number to successfully access the Webcache using your browser.

192.168.1.253 is the default IP address of the Webcache.

In Netscape, you can enter a shortened URL such as 192.168.1.253:8081

and Netscape successfully accesses the Webcache. In Internet Explorer,

however, this URL is not recognized. You must include "http://" at the

start of the URL i.e. http://192.168.1.253:8081.

3 When the browser has located the Webcache, a user name and password

screen is displayed as shown in Figure 14.

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

Figure 14 User name and password screen

If the user name and password screen is not displayed, see “Solving Web

Interface Problems ” on page 130.

4 Enter your user name and password. For further information, see

“Logging in as a Default User” on page 58. Click OK.

5 The Getting Started wizard is displayed when the Web interface has

loaded. You must configure the basic settings of the Webcache by

completing the Getting Started wizard before you introduce the

Webcache to your live network. For more information, see “Getting

Started Wizard Settings” on page 43.

Setting Up Using the You can setup the Webcache for management via the Command Line

Command Line Interface by running a Telnet session on a management workstation that

Interface is connected to the Webcache over your test network, or locally via a

console port connection.

Setting Up Over the Test Network

The Webcache is pre-configured with a default IP address, which is within

the range of addresses reserved by the IETF for private IP networks. This

default address allows you to run the Command Line Interface without

any initial configuration of IP addresses. The default IP address of the

Webcache is 192.168.1.253.

Figure 15 Setting Up Over the Test Network

Switch/Hub

LAN

WAN

Activity

Cache Storage

Power/Self test

Status

Link Status

Cache Storage

green

yellow

Status

Webcache

3000

green

yellow

100 Mb

10 Mb

failed

Link Status

3C16116

SuperStack

^®3

Client Machine

Webcache

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Setting Up the Webcache for Management

To setup the Webcache using the Command Line Interface over a test

network using Telnet, open a Telnet session using a terminal emulator by

specifying the IP address of the Webcache. If you are unsure how to do

this, check the documentation supplied with the Telnet facility

To connect the Webcache to the test network:

The client machine must be in the same subnet as the Webcache to be

able to access it using the default IP address.

You must have an IP stack correctly installed on the client machine.

You can check this by trying to browse the World Wide Web; if you

can browse, an IP stack is installed. If you do not have access to the

World Wide Web, you can check that the IP stack is installed by

pinging another device in your network. For more information, see

“Pinging Other Devices” on page 91.

Setting Up Through the Console Port

Alternatively, you can directly connect a client machine to the Webcache

by attaching a null-modem cable to the console port on the rear panel.

For more information, see “Webcache — Rear View Detail” on page 20.

Figure 16 Setting Up Through the Console Port

To connect to the Webcache via the console port:

1 You must connect a terminal or terminal emulator to the console port on

the rear panel of the Webcache. For more information, see “Webcache

— Rear View Detail” on page 20.

If you are connecting directly to the console port, you need a standard

null-modem cable.

If you are connecting to the console port using a modem, you need a

standard modem cable. The console port of the Webcache has a male

9-pin D-type connector. You can find pin-out diagrams for both cables

in the “Cable Specifications and Pin-outs” appendix on page 147.

To connect the cable:

a Attach the female connector on the cable to the male connector on

the console port of the Webcache.

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

b Tighten the retaining screws on the cable to prevent it from being

loosened.

c Connect the other end of the cable to your terminal, terminal

emulator, or modem. Make sure that the terminal, terminal emulator,

or modem have the same settings as the console port:

8 data bits

no parity

1 stop bit

2 To configure the settings of the terminal, terminal emulator, or modem,

see the documentation that accompanies it. You must configure the

terminal and set the line speed (baud) to 9600. You can change the baud

rate of the console port via the Web interface.

Accessing the Command Line Interface

To access the Command Line Interface, take the following steps:

1 The login sequence for the Command Line Interface begins as soon as

the Webcache detects a connection to its console port, or as soon as a

Telnet session is started.

If the login sequence does not begin immediately, press Return a few

times until it does begin. If the sequence still does not begin, see “Solving

Command Line Interface Problems” on page 133.

2 At the Login and Password prompts, enter your user name and password.

For further information, see “Logging in as a Default User” on page 58.

3 If you have logged on correctly, the Top-level menu of the Command Line

Interface is displayed as described in “Understanding the Command Line

Interface” on page 112. If you have not logged on correctly, the message

Incorrect password. is displayed and the login sequence starts again.

4 Access the Getting Started wizard, which allows you to quickly configure

the basic setup information for the Webcache.

At the Top-level menu, enter:

gettingStarted

5 The Getting Started wizard is displayed. You must configure the basic

settings of the Webcache by completing the Getting Started wizard

before you introduce the Webcache to your live network. For more

information, see “Getting Started Wizard Settings” below.

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Getting Started Wizard Settings

Getting Started

Wizard Settings

The following table shows the settings that you can configure in both the

Web interface and Command Line Interface Getting Started wizards.

CAUTION: You must configure the basic settings of the Webcache by

completing the Getting Started wizard before you introduce the

Webcache to your live network. In particular, ensure that the IP settings

of the Webcache fit into those of your network.

Table 8 Getting Started wizard Settings

Setting

Meaning

Default

Example

System Name

A name that uniquely identifies the

Webcache in your network. Can be up to

255 characters long.

(none)

Webcache 3000 #1

Location

Contact

A description that identifies the location of (none)

the Webcache in your network. Can be up

to 255 characters long.

Main server room

Joe Brown

The name of the person who is responsible (none)

for the Webcache. Can be up to 255

characters long.

IP Address

A unique IP address for the Webcache.

192.168.1.253

255.255.255.0

192.168.2.0

Subnet Mask

A suitable Subnet Mask for the Webcache. (none)

Default Router IP Address The IP address of the default IP router

(gateway) in your network.

(none)

DNS Server IP Address

The IP address of the Domain Name System (none)

(DNS) server in your network.

192.168.25.0

webcache

Host Name

The Host Name is combined with the DNS

Domain Name to give the internet name of

the Webcache. The host name is the name

of the Webcache within the local domain.

(none)

Domain Name System

(DNS) Domain Name

The DNS Domain Name is combined with

the Host Name to give the internet name of

the Webcache. The Domain Name is a

grouping of computers with related

properties.

(none)

mycompany.com

Timezone

The timezone in which the Webcache will

operate.

(GMT - 05:00)

Eastern Time (US)

(GMT) London,

Dublin, Edinburgh

NTP Server IP Address

The IP address of a Network Time Protocol

server.

(none)

200.49.40.1

Current Date

Current Time

(continued)

The current day, month and year.

(none)

06 March 2001

12:15:45

The current time in 24hr clock format.

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

Setting

Meaning

Default

Example

Password

A password for the admin user name, which (no password)

you must enter whenever you manage the

Webcache via the Web interface or

1a2b3c4d4e

Command Line Interface. Can be up to 10

characters long, is case-sensitive and must

only contain alpha-numeric characters.

Caching Mode

Choose how the Webcache is deployed

within your network - either Proxy Mode or

Transparent Mode.

Proxy Mode

8080

N/A

Caching Port Number

The port number on which the Webcache

will listen for traffic. This is only required if

you set the Caching Mode to “Proxy Mode”.

You may use any other numbers in the

range 1024-8080 and 8090-65534. 3Com

recommends you use the default port

number of 8080.

8080

Connecting the

Webcache to the

Live Network

The following sections describe how to connect the Webcache to your

live network.

Choosing the Correct 3Com recommends that you use Category 5 cable to connect the LAN

Cables port to your network — the maximum segment length for this type of

cable is 100 m (328 ft).

Connecting the Use the following sequence of steps to connect the Webcache to your

Webcache network:

1 Connect an appropriate network cable to the LAN port on the rear panel

of the Webcache. Simply slot the connector on the cable into the RJ-45

LAN port. When the connector is fully in, its latch locks in place. To

disconnect the cable, push the connector’s latch in and remove it.

2 Connect the other end of the network cable to a 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX

port on a suitable switch or hub in your network. The switch or hub that

you connect the Webcache to is determined by the deployment

environment that you choose; for further information, see “Deploying

the Webcache in Your Network” on page 33.

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Network Configuration Concepts

Network

Configuration

Concepts

The following sections explain certain key concepts of configuring your

network, which you must understand in order to set up the Webcache

successfully.

IP Addresses If you are uncertain about what IP addresses to assign your equipment,

contact your network administrator.

To operate correctly, each device on your network (for example a

webcache or management station) must have a unique IP address. IP

addresses have the format nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where n is a decimal

number between 0 and 255. An example IP address is ‘192.168.100.8’.

The IP address can be split into two parts:

The first part (‘192.168’ in the example) identifies the network on

which the device resides.

The second part (‘100.8’ in the example) identifies the device within

the network.

If your network is internal to your organization only, you may use any

arbitrary IP address. We suggest you use addresses in the series

192.168.100.X (where X is a number between 1 and 254) with a subnet

mask of 255.255.255.0.

These suggested IP addresses are part of a group of IP addresses that

have been set aside specially for use “in house” only.

CAUTION: If your network has a connection to the external IP network,

you must apply for a registered IP address. This registration system

ensures that every IP address used is unique; if you do not have a

registered IP address, you may be using an identical address to someone

else and your network will not operate correctly.

Obtaining a Registered IP Address

InterNIC Registration Services is the organization responsible for

supplying registered IP addresses. The following contact information is

correct at time of publication:

World Wide Web site: http://www.internic.net

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

Subnets and Using a You can divide your IP network into sub-networks also known as subnets.

Subnet Mask Support for subnets is important because the number of bits assigned to

the device part of an IP address limits the number of devices that may be

addressed on any given network. For example, a Class C address is

restricted to 254 devices.

If you have a small network (less than 254 devices), you may decide not

to have multiple subnets.

A subnet mask is used to divide the device part of the IP address into two

further parts:

The first part identifies the subnet number.

The second part identifies the device on that subnet.

The bits of the subnet mask are set to 1 if the device is to treat the

corresponding bit in the IP address as part of the original network

number or as part of the subnet number. These bits in the mask are set to

0 if the device is to treat the bit as part of the device number.

If you are unsure about what mask to use, 3Com suggest that you

contact your network administrator.

Default Router A Router is a device on your network which is used to forward IP packets

to a remote destination. An alternative name for a Router is a Gateway.

“Remote” refers to a destination device that is not directly attached to

the same network segment as the source device.

The source device cannot send IP packets directly to the destination

device because it is in a different network segment. Instead you configure

it to send the packets to a router which is attached to multiple segments.

When it receives the IP packets, the router determines the next network

hop on the path to the remote destination, and sends the packets to that

hop. This could either be the remote destination or another router closer

towards the destination.

This hop-by-hop process continues until the IP packets reach the remote

destination.

To configure the Webcache, enter the IP address of the default router on

the local subnet in which the Webcache is located. If no default router

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Network Configuration Concepts

exists on your network, enter the IP address 0.0.0.0 or leave the field

blank.

If you set the default router to 0.0.0.0 or leave it blank, the Webcache

will only be able to access devices that are in the same subnet as the

Webcache.

Domain Name System The Domain Name System (DNS) maps a numerical Internet Protocol (IP)

address to a more meaningful and easy-to-remember name. When you

need to access another device on your network, you enter the name of

the device, instead of its IP address. A Domain Name System server on

your network is contacted and asked the electronic form of the question,

“What is the IP address of the destination device?”. The DNS server is a

machine that keeps track of all the names and their equivalent numeric IP

addresses. The DNS server responds with the correct IP address (e.g.

128.118.2.23), allowing the two devices to communicate with each

other.

To enable the Domain Name System, you must setup a DNS server on

your network. If you are uncertain about how to do this, contact your

network administrator.

The following Webcache features are only available if you have setup a

DNS server:

Access to the Webcache by DNS Name — You can access the Web

interface or Command Line Interface of the Webcache via its DNS

name, rather than its IP address e.g. webcache.mycompany.com.

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery — This protocol can be used to

configure Web browsers on client machines in a Proxy Cache

deployment. For further information, see “Web Proxy Auto-Discovery

(WPAD)” on page 53.

Domain Name System You must use the following syntax for the Domain Name System host

Syntax name and domain name:

Host Name

The host name must be at least 1 character long.

The host name must not exceed 63 characters long.

The host name must be comprised of alphanumeric characters, -

(hyphens) and _ (underscores).

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CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE WEBCACHE

You cannot enter a host name starting or ending with a . (dot)

character. It must start and end with a letter or number.

You cannot enter a host name containing a space character.

Domain Name

The domain name must be at least 1 character long.

The domain name must not exceed 63 characters long.

The domain name must be comprised of alphanumeric characters,

- (hyphens) and _ (underscores).

You cannot enter a domain name starting or ending with a . (dot)

character. It must start and end with a letter or number.

Each part of the domain name (known as a label) must be

separated with a . (single dot).

You cannot enter a domain name which has two . (dots) next to each

other.

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CONFIGURING WEB BROWSERS

This chapter contains information about configuring Web browsers on

client machines for use in a Webcache proxy cache deployment. It covers

the following alternative methods:

Manual Configuration

Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) File Scripts

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD)

Third-party Tools

For more information about Proxy Cache deployment, see “Proxy Cache”

on page 33.

No configuration of Web browsers on client machines is required for a

Webcache transparent cache deployment; for more information, see

“Transparent Cache” on page 34.

Manual

Configuration

You can manually configure the Web browser on each client machine to

explicitly direct its Web requests to the Webcache.

To manually configure Internet Explorer 5:

1 Open Internet Explorer.

2 From the Tools menu, click Internet Options.

3 Click the Connections tab.

4 Click LAN Settings.

5 Tick Use a proxy server.

6 Enter the URL or location of the Webcache in the Address field.

7 Enter the caching port number on which the Webcache is listening in the

Port field. The default port number is 8080.

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CHAPTER 3: CONFIGURING WEB BROWSERS

You can view the port number for the Webcache by:

a Logging into the Web Interface.

b Selecting Device View -> System -> Caching -> Set Caching Mode.

8 Click OK.

To manually configure Netscape Navigator 4.5:

1 Open Netscape Navigator.

2 From the Edit menu, click Preferences.

3 Click the Advanced category and click Proxies.

4 Select Manual Proxy Configuration.

5 Click View.

6 Enter the URL or location of the Webcache in the HTTP, Security and FTP

fields.

7 Enter the caching port number on which the Webcache is listening in

each Port field. The default port number is 8080.

8 Click OK.

3Com recommends that you configure the client machine that you use to

manage the Webcache so that it does not use the Webcache as a proxy

server. In Internet Explorer, select Tools -> Internet Options ->

Connections -> LAN Settings and disable Use a Proxy Server. In Netscape,

select Edit -> Preferences -> Advanced -> Proxies and select Direct

Connection to the Internet.

Proxy Auto

Configuration (PAC)

File Scripts

You can use a Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) file to configure the Web

browser on each client machine. PAC files allow you to create

configuration rules that determine how the Web browser operates when

the Webcache is being deployed as a Proxy cache. The PAC file can be

stored either on the Webcache or a network server, and the Web browser

is set to read the PAC file when it is opened.

The main disadvantage of PAC files is that the PAC file is read once when

the Web browser is first opened, and then executed within the browser

for every object within every Web page visited. This can cause a perceived

response time degradation, although the performance degradation is

likely to be small.

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Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) File Scripts

You can only use a PAC file to configure the Web browsers on client

machines when the Webcache is operating in Proxy mode.

You can use the Browser Auto-Configuration screen to create a PAC file

which is stored on the Webcache. You can configure the PAC file to:

Bypass the Webcache for plain host names

Use a backup Webcache if the first one fails

Directly access the Web if neither the first or second Webcache is

available

Alternatively, you can disable the PAC file that the Webcache creates and

use a different PAC file which is located elsewhere on your network.

CAUTION: If you are using Browser Auto-Configuration Files to configure

your client machine Web browser settings, and you are using Web Client

Blocking to control access to the Internet, you should ensure that Go

Direct if no Webcache Available is not ticked in the Browser

Auto-Configuration screen. If this box is ticked, the Web browser will

bypass the Webcache entirely after reading the Browser

Auto-Configuration file, and will never be blocked.

To use the Webcache as a PAC file server, first configure the Webcache

PAC file using the Browser Autoconfiguration screen:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Caching -> Browser Auto-Config in the Navigation

Tree.

4 Tick Bypass Plain Host Names if you want to configure Web browsers to

bypass the Webcache for plain host names. These are typically domain

names which do not contain dots, commonly used for Intranet sites e.g.

http://intranet

5 Tick Use Backup Cache on Cache Failure if you want to configure Web

browsers to use an alternative Webcache in your network if the first one

fails. Enter the IP address of the alternative Webcache in the Backup

Cache IP Address field. Enter the port number on which the Webcache

will be listening for network traffic in the Port field. The default port

number is 8080.

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CHAPTER 3: CONFIGURING WEB BROWSERS

6 Tick Go Direct if no Webcache Available if you want to configure Web

browsers to directly access the Web if the main and backup Webcaches

fail. Click OK.

You must next set the Web browser to read the PAC file for its settings.

To set Internet Explorer 5:

1 Open Internet Explorer.

2 From the Tools menu, click Internet Options.

3 Click the Connections tab.

4 Click LAN Settings.

5 Tick Use automatic configuration script.

6 Enter the URL or location of the Webcache in the Address field in the

following format:

http://nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn:8082/

where nnn is a decimal number between 0 and 255. An example IP

address is ‘192.168.1.253’. The port number on which the Webcache

always serves PAC files is 8082; you cannot change this port number.

7 Click OK.

To set Netscape Navigator 4.5:

1 Open Netscape Navigator.

2 From the Edit menu, click Preferences.

3 Click the Advanced category and click Proxies.

4 Select Automatic Proxy Configuration.

5 Enter the URL or location of the Webcache in the Configuration location

field in the following format

http://nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn:8082/

where nnn is a decimal number between 0 and 255. An example IP

address is ‘192.168.1.253’.

In Netscape, you can enter a shortened PAC address such as

webcache:8082 and Netscape successfully configures itself using the PAC

file. In Internet Explorer, however, this address is not recognized and you

are not warned that the PAC file is being ignored. You must include

"http://" at the start of the URL i.e. http://webcache:8082.

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Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD)

6 Click Reload.

7 Click OK.

Web Proxy

Auto-Discovery

(WPAD)

The Webcache and Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 (and later versions)

support the Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) protocol. This protocol

enables the Web browser on client machines to automatically find and

load proxy configuration information (stored in a PAC file) from a server

on your network without user intervention.

You cannot set up the 3Com Webcache to be used as a WPAD server.

The Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) protocol is not supported by

Netscape Navigator.

You can set up a WPAD server that holds a PAC file in a suitable domain

on your network. When Internet Explorer 5 is launched it searches for a

WPAD server. The Web browser adds the subdomain “wpad” to the

beginning of the fully-qualified domain name and progressively removes

subdomains until it either finds a WPAD server answering the domain

name or reaches the third-level domain. For example, Web browsers on

client machines in the a.b.3Com.com domain would query

wpad.a.b.3Com, wpad.b.3Com.com, and then wpad.3Com.com. If a

WPAD server is found, the Web browser downloads and executes the

PAC file and configures the browser settings.

You must define your network Domain Name System (DNS) server with

the appropriate use of domains in order to use a WPAD server. For further

information about the Domain Name System, see “Domain Name

System” on page 47.

When a Web browser on a client machine is configured to use a WPAD

server on your network, there may be a pause of several seconds when it

first tries to connect to the server. The delay is caused by the Web

browser connecting to your Domain Name System (DNS) server when it is

initially started. This is normal behavior. Once the Web browser has

accessed the WPAD server, subsequent browser requests will operate

without delays caused by WPAD.

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CHAPTER 3: CONFIGURING WEB BROWSERS

To configure Internet Explorer 5 to use WPAD:

1 Open Internet Explorer.

2 From the Tools menu, click Internet Options.

3 Click the Connections tab.

4 Click LAN Settings.

5 Tick Automatically detect settings.

6 Click OK.

Web Proxy You can view the Internet Draft for the Web Proxy Auto-Discovery

Auto-Discovery Protocol at:

Resources

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-cooper-webi-wpad-0

0.txt

(correct at time of publishing)

Third-party Tools

There are applications from many vendors that can help you to manage

networks of client machines.

Microsoft offers the Internet Explorer Administration Kit and Systems

Management Server, which allow you to remotely configure Web

browsers and Proxy Cache settings.

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ieak/en/default.asp

Other vendors include Hewlett Packard, Intel and Tivoli.

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WEBCACHE FEATURES

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Managing the Webcache

System Time

Security

Controlling and Monitoring Web Access

System Events

Performance Monitoring

System Diagnostics

Software Upgrade and Installation

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MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

This chapter contains information about managing the Webcache using

the management software that resides on the Webcache. Managing the

Webcache can help you to improve the efficiency of the Webcache and

therefore the overall performance of your network. It allows you to make

full use of the features offered by the Webcache, and to change and

monitor the way it works. The following topics are covered:

Management Software Interfaces

Logging in as a Default User

Accessing the Web Interface

Understanding the Web Interface

The Banner

The Toolbar

The Navigation Tree

The Information Area

Management

Software Interfaces

You can manage the Webcache using the Web interface management

software. This is an internal set of Web pages that allow you to manage the

Webcache using a Web browser that has Javascript^™enabled. Refer to the

Webcache Online Help for detailed information about the Web interface.

The Webcache also has a Command Line Interface that allows you to

manage certain features; for more information, see the “Command Line

Interface” chapter on page 109.

Even if you do not intend to actively manage the Webcache, 3Com

recommends that you change the default password to prevent

unauthorized access to your Webcache. See “Setting Passwords” on

page 71 for more information.

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CHAPTER 4: MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

Logging in as a

Default User

If you manage the Webcache using the Web interface or the Command

Line Interface, you need to log in with a valid user name and password.

The Webcache has one user name, which is listed in Table 9. You cannot

create new user names for the Webcache.

Table 9 User Names

Default

Password

User name

Access Level

admin

(no password) The user can access and change all manageable

parameters

CAUTION: To prevent unauthorized access and configuration of the

Webcache, 3Com recommends that you set a password for the admin

user name as soon as possible.

The admin user name is case-sensitive.

Accessing the Web

Interface

To access the Web interface:

1 Open the Web browser on the management workstation. To display the

Web interface correctly, use one of the following Web browsers:

Microsoft Internet Explorer v4.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.5

Netscape Communicator v4.5

Netscape Communicator v4.6

Netscape Communicator v4.7

Netscape Navigator version 6 is not supported by the Webcache.

For the browser to operate the Web interface correctly JavaScript and

Cascading Style Sheets must be enabled on your browser. These features

are enabled on a browser by default. You will only need to enable them if

you have changed your browser settings. Also the Web interface has

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Accessing the Web Interface

been optimized for PC screens with the desktop area set to 800 by 600

pixels. It is also recommended to set the font size to Small Fonts.

2 In the Location/Address field of the browser, enter the URL of the

Webcache. This must be in the format:

http://nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn:8081

where nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn is the IP address of the Webcache and 8081 is

the port on which the Webcache listens. You must enter http:// and the

port number to successfully access the Webcache using your browser.

192.168.1.253 is the default IP address of the Webcache.

In Netscape, you can enter a shortened URL such as 192.168.1.253:8081

and Netscape successfully accesses the Webcache. In Internet Explorer,

however, this URL is not recognized. You must include "http://" at the

start of the URL i.e. http://192.168.1.253:8081.

3 When the browser has located the Webcache, a user name and password

screen is displayed as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17 User Name and Password Screen

If the user name and password screen is not displayed, see “Solving Web

Interface Problems” on page 130.

4 Enter your user name and password. For further information, see

“Logging in as a Default User” on page 58. Click OK.

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CHAPTER 4: MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

Understanding the

Web Interface

Figure 18 The Web Interface

The Web interface is made up of four areas:

The Banner

This is always displayed at the top of the browser window. It displays

the 3Com logo and SuperStack^®logo.

The Toolbar

This is always displayed at the top of the browser window, underneath

the Banner. It contains three buttons which allow you to select

different views in the View Area.

The Navigation Tree

This is always displayed on the left side of the browser window. It

contains various icons which allow you to manage your Webcache.

The Information Area

This is always displayed on the right side of the browser window. It

contains information about the managed Webcache.

The Banner

The Banner is always displayed at the top of the browser window. It

displays the 3Com logo and SuperStack logo.

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The Toolbar

The Toolbar is always displayed at the top of the browser window,

underneath the Banner. It contains three buttons which allow you to

select different views:

The Summary View

Click Summary to display the Summary View. This view allows you to

update the latest summary information for the Webcache.

The Device View

Click Device View to display the Device View. This view allows you to

configure the physical and networking aspects of the Webcache.

The Help View

Click Help to display the Help View. This view allows you to access the

Online Help system for the Webcache, additional information from the

3Com Web site and provides specification guidelines for running the

Web interface.

The Summary View Click Summary on the Toolbar to access the Summary View. This is the

default view when you first browse to the Webcache and when you click

the browser Refresh button.

Click the System icon in the Navigation Tree to update the Information

Area with the latest summary information for the Webcache.

The summary information is displayed in a table:

Device Summary

The table is entitled System Summary and displays information for the

Webcache. It shows the System Name, Location, Contact, Up Time,

Type, Software Version, Hardware Version and IP Address of the

Webcache.

The Summary View only displays information for the Webcache. You

cannot perform any operations from this view. You must use the Device

View to perform operations.

The Device View Click Device View on the Toolbar to access the Device View. This view

allows you to configure the physical and networking aspects of the

Webcache.

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CHAPTER 4: MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

The Device View Navigation Tree is displayed on the left side of the

browser window and allows you to perform operations for the

Webcache.

The Device View Information area is displayed on the right side of the

browser and contains the device mimic and the Device Summary table.

Device Mimic

Figure 19 The Device Mimic

The device mimic is a virtual, interactive representation of the Webcache.

All of the ports on the Webcache are shown, even though the LAN, WAN

and Console ports are actually located on the rear of the unit. The device

mimic is periodically updated to reflect changes in the Webcache. You

can also perform certain operations by clicking on parts of the device

mimic called “hotspots”:

Console Port Hotspot

The Console Port on the mimic is a “hotspot”. Click the port to open

a pop-up menu that contains an operation which you can launch for

the console port.

The operation is Setup Console Port.

LAN Port Hotspot

The LAN Port on the mimic is a “hotspot”. Click the port to open a

pop-up menu that contains an operation which you can launch for the

LAN port.

The operation is Clear Cache.

Unit Hotspot

The non-port area of the mimic is a “hotspot”. Click anywhere on this

area to open a pop-up menu that contains operations which you can

launch for the Webcache as a whole.

The operations are:

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The Toolbar

Web Client Blocking

Web Site Blocking

Save Configuration

Notepad

System Information

Device Summary

A table entitled Device Summary displays the following information for

the Webcache. It shows the DNS Name, Type, Software Version,

Hardware Version, IP Address, MAC Address, Boot Version, Product

Number, Serial Number and Up Time of the Webcache.

The Help View Click Help on the Toolbar to access the Help View. This view allows you to

access the Online Help system for the Webcache, additional information

from the 3Com Web site and provides specification guidelines for

running the Web interface.

The Help View Navigation Tree contains five options that allow you to

access additional information from the 3Com Web site. Your

management workstation must have access to the Web for the first four

options to work:

Click Contacts to display contact information from the 3Com Web site

in a new browser window.

Click Home Page to display the Home page of the 3Com Web site in a

new browser window.

Click Library to display the Online Library of the 3Com Web site in a

new browser window.

Click Support to display support information from the 3Com Web site

in a new browser window.

Click On-line Help to display the Webcache Online Help system in a

new browser window.

The Help View Information Area provides specification guidelines for

running the Web interface. It is recommended that you access the Web

Interface using the suggested Web Browsers and PC Platforms.

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CHAPTER 4: MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

The Navigation Tree The Navigation Tree is always displayed on the left side of the browser

window. It is a Windows^®Explorer-like interface that contains various

icons which allow you to manage your Webcache.

By default, when you open the Web interface, the Summary View is

selected and the Navigation Tree is fully collapsed with only the top-level

options displayed.

Operations that you can perform to manage your Webcache are grouped

into folders within the Navigation Tree in the Device View. You can also

perform some operations by using the device mimic.

Click the folders or the nodes (the plus and minus symbols) to expand

and collapse the Navigation Tree.

Every option within the Navigation Tree is selected by single-clicking the

left mouse button.

The following table shows the various Navigation Tree symbols and their

associated behavior:

Symbol

Behavior

Indicates that the next level of the Navigation Tree hierarchy is currently expanded. Click the

symbol to collapse the next level. This only affects the Navigation Tree — no changes are

made to the Information Area.

Indicates that the next level of the Navigation Tree hierarchy is currently collapsed. Click the

symbol to expand the next level to its last expanded state. This only affects the Navigation

Tree — no changes are made to the Information Area.

Indicates that the next level of the Navigation Tree hierarchy is currently expanded. Click the

symbol to collapse the next level. This only affects the Navigation Tree — no changes are

made to the Information Area.

Indicates that the next level of the Navigation Tree hierarchy is currently collapsed. Click the

symbol to expand the next level. This only affects the Navigation Tree — no changes are

made to the Information Area.

(continued)

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The Information Area

Symbol

Behavior

Click the symbol to update the Information Area with the latest summary information for the

Stack and the units within it. This symbol is only available in the Summary View.

Click the symbol to perform an operation by opening a new window.

Click the symbol to open a wizard in a new window.

Click the symbol to launch a Help operation.

The Information

Area

The Information Area is always displayed on the right side of the browser

window. It contains information about the managed Webcache.

If the Summary View is currently selected, a table is displayed which

shows summary information for the Webcache.

If the Device View is currently selected, the Device Mimic and the Device

Summary table are displayed.

If the Help View is currently selected, specification guidelines for running

the Web interface are displayed.

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CHAPTER 4: MANAGING THE WEBCACHE

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SYSTEM TIME

This chapter explains how to configure the system time of the Webcache.

It contains the following topics:

Configuring the System Time

What is the Network Time Protocol?

Choosing a Network Time Protocol Server

Configuring the System Time Using the Network Time Protocol

Configuring the System Time Manually

System Time and Performance Graphs

Configuring the

System Time

You must select how the Webcache determines the current time during

the Getting Started wizard, which automatically runs when you first

access the Webcache ’s Web interface.

You can change how the Webcache determines the current time at any

point using the Time Configuration wizard. Select System ->

Management -> Time Configuration in the Navigation Tree to access

the wizard.

You can configure the system time in either of the following ways:

Configuring the System Time Using the Network Time Protocol — for

more information, see page 69

Configuring the System Time Manually — for more information, see

page 69.

3Com recommends that you use the Network Time Protocol to configure

the system time of the Webcache.

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CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM TIME

What is the

Network Time

Protocol?

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize the time of client

machines and servers with other well-known, highly accurate servers or

reference time sources. It maintains a consistent Coordinated Universal

Time (UTC) within your network which is far more accurate than the

internal system clocks of client machines and prevents time drift from

occurring on the Webcache.

NTP provides client machine and server time accuracies typically within a

millisecond on LANs, relative to a primary NTP server synchronized to UTC

via a Global Positioning Service (GPS) receiver. Such accurate

time-keeping is an essential part of the operation of the Webcache.

Choosing a

Network Time

Protocol Server

You can choose to use one of the many public NTP servers that are

available on the Internet or set up your own NTP server. When you have

access to an NTP server, you can configure the Webcache to determine

the current time using NTP; see “Configuring the System Time Using the

Network Time Protocol” on page 69 for more information.

Public NTP servers are grouped into stratums. The NTP primary (stratum 1)

servers are connected to a reference clock, which is typically an expensive

cesium clock or cheaper GPS receiver. Servers operating at stratum 1 are

the most accurate available, but also the fewest in number because of

the prohibitive cost of reference clocks.

The NTP secondary (stratum 2) servers are in turn connected to a stratum

1 server and are therefore less accurate but greater in number. Stratum 3

servers are connected to stratum 2 servers, and so on, up to an imposed

limit of 15 strata. You should not use a high level public stratum server

because of their limited number and because the load placed on them is

increasingly heavy.

3Com recommends that if your network has an internal NTP server, you

should use this rather than a public stratum server. If not, you should use

the lowest stratum public NTP server available to you.

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Configuring the System Time Using the Network Time Protocol

Configuring the

System Time Using

the Network Time

Protocol

To configure the system time of the Webcache using the Network Time

Protocol, you must enter the following information in the Getting Started

wizard or Time Configuration command in the Web interface:

1 Select a timezone from the options in the Timezone drop-down list.

The Webcache automatically performs daylight savings adjustments

according to the timezone that you have selected.

2 Choose Network Time Protocol by clicking the appropriate radio button.

3 Enter the IP address of the NTP server that you want to use in the NTP

Server IP Address field.

Configuring the

System Time

Manually

To manually configure the system time of the Webcache, you must enter

the following information in the Getting Started wizard or Time

Configuration command in the Web interface:

1 Select a timezone from the options in the Timezone drop-down list.

The Webcache automatically performs daylight savings adjustments

according to the timezone that you have selected.

2 Choose Manual Time Configuration by clicking the appropriate radio

button.

3 Enter the current day, month, year and the current time (in 24 hour clock

format) in the appropriate fields.

4 Click Apply Now as soon as you have manually entered this information

to ensure the greatest accuracy. You cannot click Next until you have

done this.

System Time and

Performance

Graphs

When the system time of the Webcache is set manually, all of the current

Performance Graphs are reset and all previous graph history is lost. You

should therefore only change the system time when it is absolutely

necessary. The following system time changes affect the Performance

Graphs in this way:

The system time is manually configured.

The system time is changed from Network Time Protocol to Manual

Time Configuration, or vice versa.

The IP address of the Network Time Protocol server is changed.

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CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM TIME

A Warning window appears asking if you want to continue with the

system time change. Click Yes to continue and reset the Performance

Graphs, or No to cancel the change.

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SECURITY

This chapter contains information about ensuring that the Webcache

1000/3000 is secure. It covers the following topics:

What are Passwords?

Setting Passwords

What is Password Recovery?

Enabling/Disabling Password Recovery

Performing Password Recovery

What are

Passwords?

Whenever you manage the Webcache using the Web interface or

Command Line Interface, you need to log in with the admin username

and password, as described in “Logging in as a Default User” on

page 58.

CAUTION: To prevent unauthorized access and configuration of the

Webcache, 3Com recommends that you set a password for the admin

username as soon as possible.

Setting Passwords

To set the password using the Web interface, you need to login as the

admin user and select Security -> Set Password in the Navigation Tree

to access the Password Configuration screen. Then follow the steps

below.

You are prompted to set a password for the admin user account during

the Getting Started wizard, which automatically runs when you first

access the Webcache’s Web interface.

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CHAPTER 6: SECURITY

You must enter the following information in both the Getting Started

wizard and the Password Configuration screen:

1 Choose between the following options by clicking the appropriate radio

button:

Do Not Change Password

Change Password for the Account

Set Admin Password to the Factory Default Setting

2 Either:

If you choose Do Not Change Password, the existing password will not

be changed.

If you choose Change Password for the Account, enter a new

password in the Password field and enter it again in the Confirm field.

Passwords can be up to 10 characters long, are case-sensitive and must

only contain alpha-numeric characters.

If you choose Set Admin Password to the Factory Default Setting, the

password is automatically set to the default for the admin user

account (no password).

What is Password

Recovery?

If you forget the password for the admin user account, you will no longer

be able to perform important management operations on the Webcache.

Password Recovery allows you to define a new password for the admin

account, even though you have forgotten the current one, and regain

access to the management interfaces.

Enabling/Disabling

Password Recovery

In order to perform password recovery, Password Recovery must be

enabled on the Webcache.

Password Recovery is enabled by default on the Webcache. You will only

need to complete the following steps if you want to check that password

recovery is enabled, or if you know that it has previously been disabled.

You may want to disable password recovery if you are concerned about

the security of the Webcache. When password recovery is enabled,

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Performing Password Recovery

anyone who has physical access to the Webcache can potentially change

the password and lock you out of the management interfaces.

CAUTION: 3Com recommends that you leave Password Recovery

enabled. If you disable it and subsequently forget the password for the

admin username, you will have to return the Webcache to 3Com.

To enable or disable Password Recovery using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select Security -> Recovery in the Navigation Tree. The

Password Recovery screen is displayed.

4 Check Enable Password Recovery Feature to enable Password Recovery,

or uncheck Enable Password Recovery Feature to disable it.

5 Click OK.

Performing

Password Recovery

Use the password recovery method outlined below to define a new

password for the admin username:

1 Access the Command Line Interface and enter the username “recover”

and password “recover” to place the Webcache in password recovery

mode. The Webcache remains in password recovery mode for a

maximum of 30 seconds, before it returns to the CLI login prompt.

2 Reboot the Webcache whilst it is in password recovery mode by removing

the power cord from the power socket at the rear of the Webcache and

reinserting it.

3Com recommends that you access the CLI in this instance by connecting

a standard null-modem cable to the console port on the Webcache. This

enables you to be physically close enough to the Webcache to reboot the

Webcache before password recovery mode resets.

You cannot use a soft reboot operation to reset the password of the

admin username. This will end the password recovery procedure and

return you to the CLI login prompt.

3 When the Webcache has rebooted enter a new password for the admin

username.

4 Enter enable to leave password recovery enabled, or enter disable to

turn it off. You are now logged in as the default admin user.

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CHAPTER 6: SECURITY

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CONTROLLING AND MONITORING

WEB ACCESS

This chapter contains information about controlling the access of the

users of your network through the Webcache to the Internet. It covers

the following topics:

What is Web Site Blocking?

Configuring Web Site Blocking

Customizing the Response

What is Web Client Blocking?

Configuring Web Client Blocking

What is Access Logging?

Configuring Access Logging

Viewing the Access Log

Analyzing the Access Logs

What is Web Site

Blocking?

Web Site Blocking allows you to control which Web sites can be accessed

through the Webcache. If you enable web site blocking, you can enter

the domain names of Web sites that you want to either allow or deny

access to. You can specify one of two blanket rules with exceptions;

either “Deny access to all sites except...” the ones that you enter, or

“Allow access to all sites except...” the ones that you enter. Web requests

from client machines will then either be served or blocked by the

Webcache, according to the rules that you have set up. A customizable,

automatically generated Web page informs the end user that access to

the Web site has been denied.

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CHAPTER 7: CONTROLLING AND MONITORING WEB ACCESS

Configuring Web

Site Blocking

To configure Web Site Blocking using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Caching -> Web Site Blocking in the Navigation Tree.

4 Check Enable Web Site Blocking.

5 Select Deny Access to All Sites to deny access to all Web sites except the

ones that you enter in the list, or select Enable Access to All Sites to allow

access to all Web sites except those listed.

6 In the Except the Following field, enter the domain name of the Web site

you want to exclude from the option you chose in step 5 and click Add.

Repeat this for each Web site that you want to block.

Example

You can enter yahoo.com to block access to that entire domain, or enter

auctions.yahoo.com to block access to that subdomain.

Domain Name Rules

You cannot enter a domain starting with http:.

You cannot enter a domain containing the / (forward slash) character.

You cannot enter a domain containing a space character.

You cannot enter a domain starting or ending with a . (dot) character.

The domain must start and end with a letter or number.

The domain name can only contain the following characters:

Uppercase A-Z and lowercase a-z

Any digit 0-9

Hyphen characters (-)

The domain name must be at least 1 character long.

The domain name must not exceed 63 characters long.

Customizing the

Response

You can modify the response screen that is automatically generated by

the Webcache when a client machine tries to access a Web site that is

blocked. This allows you to enter additional information to make the

response screen more user friendly. For example, you could add “Access

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What is Web Client Blocking?

to this website has been denied. If you do not agree with this site being

blocked, please contact extension 1234”.

To customize the response using the Web interface:

1 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

2 Select System -> Caching -> Customize Response in the Navigation

Tree.

3 Enter up to 512 characters of text or HTML code in the Add This Text field

that you want to add to the response screen that informs the end user

that access has been denied. The text or HTML that you enter will be

appended to the standard text that appears, which is “You are not

authorized to view this page”. You cannot change or delete this standard

text.

4 If you want to view your changes before saving them to check that your

text or HTML is correct, click Preview.

Click OK to save the text or HTML code that you have entered.

There is a default option in Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 and later

versions that will cause a “friendly HTTP error message” to be displayed

when a Web site is blocked, rather than the response page generated by

the Webcache. You can turn this setting off by selecting Tools -> Internet

Options -> Advanced and unchecking Show friendly HTTP error

messages. The response page generated by the Webcache will never be

displayed by Internet Explorer if you do not change this setting. The

following Microsoft knowledgebase article describes the use of friendly

HTTP-status error messages:

http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q218/1/55.A

What is Web Client

Blocking?

Web Client Blocking allows you to control which client machines in your

network can access the Web through the Webcache. If you enable Web

Client Blocking, you can enter the static IP addresses or IP address ranges

of client machines that you want to allow access to the Web through the

Webcache. Web access from all other client machines will be denied by

the Webcache.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers can be used with

Web Client Blocking in two ways:

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CHAPTER 7: CONTROLLING AND MONITORING WEB ACCESS

You can configure your network into subnets and assign specific client

machine MAC addresses to be provided IP addresses within specific

subnets by DHCP. You can then prevent specific subnet IP address

ranges from accessing the Web through the Webcache through Web

Client Blocking.

For example, you configure your user group A to use a subnet defined

as 10.1.2.0-255, and group B to use another subnet defined as

10.1.3.0-255. If you want to prevent group B from accessing the Web,

you would add the subnet 10.1.3.0-255 to the Web Client Blocking

configuration. Group B would then be unable to access the Web,

while group A would have access.

You can configure your DHCP server to return specific IP addresses

based on the requesting client machine’s MAC address. You can

configure Web Client Blocking to block either specific client machine

IP addresses, or ranges of IP addresses, as appropriate.

Configuring Web

Client Blocking

To configure Web Client Blocking using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Caching -> Client Machine Blocking in the

Navigation Tree.

4 Check Block Access From All Web Clients to enable Web Client Blocking.

5 In the Except these IP Addresses field, type the IP addresses or IP address

ranges of the client machines that you want to allow access and click

Add.

Example

You can enter 216.115.105.2-217.115.105.2 to allow access for that IP

address range, or enter 216.115.105.2 to allow access for that IP

address. Separate individual ranges or addresses with a comma.

CAUTION: If the browser on the client machine that you are using to

configure the Webcache is also using the Webcache as a proxy, and you

enable Web Client Blocking, you must ensure that you add the client

machine to the Except these IP Addresses field. If you do not do this,

access from the client machine to the Webcache will be blocked,

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What is Access Logging?

preventing you from using the Web interface.You can regain access by

either:

Changing the client machine’s browser settings to remove the use of

the Webcache as a proxy or

Using a browser on a client machine whose IP address is not blocked

by Web Client Blocking to access the Web Interface.

CAUTION: If you are using Browser Auto-Configuration Files to configure

your client machine Web browser settings, and you are using Web Client

Blocking to control access to the Internet, you should ensure that Go

Direct if no Webcache Available is not checked in the Browser

Auto-Configuration screen. If this box is checked, the Web browser will

bypass the Webcache entirely after reading the Browser

Auto-Configuration file, and will never be blocked. For more information,

see “Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) File Scripts” on page 50.

What is Access

Logging?

Access Logging allows you to track which client machines have accessed

which Web sites through the Webcache. By default Access Logging is

disabled. If you enable Access Logging you must specify a FTP server that

you want to periodically save the log to. The log is saved to the FTP server

whenever the log is approaching full, or every 6 hours, whichever comes

first. You can see a complete history of every web request made through

the Webcache by combining all the FTPed logs; the saved logs are based

on the standard Squid access log format and can be analyzed using

off-the-shelf log analysis tools.

An SNMP trap is automatically generated if the Webcache fails to save

the access log to the FTP server.

The access logs contain the following fields:

Table 10 Access Log Fields

Field

Description

Time

A timestamp expressed as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) with a

millisecond resolution.

Elapsed

The amount of time in milliseconds that the Webcache took to serve

the request.

Client

The IP address of the requesting client machine.

(continued)

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CHAPTER 7: CONTROLLING AND MONITORING WEB ACCESS

Field

Description

Action/Code

Information on the kind of request and how it was satisfied or how

it failed i.e. was the request a hit, miss or an error.

Size

The amount of data that was delivered to the client machine in

bytes, including headers.

Method

The way in which the Web object was requested i.e. GET,

CONNECT, TRACE.

URL

The URL that the client machine requested.

No value is returned for this field.

Ident

Hierarchy/From These fields are not applicable to the Webcache.

Content The content type of the Web object.

Configuring Access

Logging

To configure Access Logging using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Caching -> Access Logging in the Navigation Tree.

4 Check Enable Access Logging. You can view the last 256 lines of the

Access Log using the View Access Log command; for more information,

see “Viewing the Access Log” on page 81.

5 Check Enable Web Access Log Save to FTP Server if you want to save the

access logs onto an FTP server that you specify.

6 In the FTP Server Address field, enter the IP address of the FTP server that

you want to save the access logs to.

7 In the Directory field, enter the full path within the FTP server that you

want to save the access logs to.

The directory can only contain alphanumeric and “/”, “.”, “-” or “_”

characters and can only be up to 32 characters in length.

8 In the Username field, enter the user name for the FTP server that you

want to save the access logs to.

9 In the Password field, enter the password for the username entered in

step 8. The password must be between 1 and 32 characters in length.

When a password has been set, ********** is displayed in the Password

field, regardless of how many characters the password actually has. You

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Viewing the Access Log

can change the password by clicking Change Password and entering the

new password.

10 If you want to test and upload the Access Log now, click FTP Now. Enter a

filename for the log and click OK. The filename can only contain

alphanumeric and . (dot), - (hyphen) or _ (underscore) characters and can

only be up to 32 characters in length.

Clicking FTP Now will immediately FTP the currently active Access Log to

the FTP server. This allows you to test your FTP settings or to save the

Access Log without waiting for the next automatic FTP. Since the

Webcache may still be writing to the Access Log, using FTP Now may

result in an incomplete record at the end of the saved Access Log.

If no client machines have accessed a Web site through the Webcache

before you click FTP Now, then an empty log file will be saved on the FTP

server.

Viewing the Access

Log

To view the Access Log using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Caching -> View Access Log in the Navigation Tree.

4 The last 256 lines of the Access Log are displayed.

Click Refresh to update the information that is displayed.

If the Webcache is deployed in Proxy mode, multiple entries for the pages

in the Web interface itself will be made in the Access Logs. This is

standard behavior for the Webcache, as it is "seeing" the requests for the

Web interface pages and logging these requests in the Access Logs. You

should either leave the Web Interface open for only short periods of time

to reduce the entries made, or use a log analyzer tool such as Webtrends

to view and analyze the Access Logs.

Analyzing the

Access Logs

The access logs that have been saved on the FTP server are based on the

native Squid format. This is optimized for efficient generation and can be

analyzed using a wide variety of off-the-shelf log analysis tools.

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CHAPTER 7: CONTROLLING AND MONITORING WEB ACCESS

3Com recommends that you use Webtrends Log Analyzer to analyze the

access logs that the Webcache produces:

http://www.webtrends.com

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SYSTEM EVENTS

This chapter contains information about the system events that can occur

on the Webcache 1000/3000. It covers the following topics:

What are System Events?

Email Notification

SNMP Traps

What are System

Events?

System events are events that occur on the Webcache which can be

reported to you. They range in significance from minor, such as Upgrade

Started, to major, such as System Failure. You can configure the

Webcache to automatically inform you about these events using email

notification and SNMP traps. Such notification allows you to respond

more quickly to Webcache events and helps save you valuable time and

effort. It is an important element in the remote management of the

Webcache.

Email Notification

You can configure the Webcache to automatically send emails to

specified email accounts when certain significant system events occur.

The emails are generated internally within the Webcache in a fixed

format that is also used by 3com Network Supervisor. The emails can be

sent to as many accounts as you like.

Configuring Email To configure Email Notification using the Web interface:

Notification

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Management -> Events -> Email Notification in the

Navigation Tree. The Email Notification screen is displayed.

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CHAPTER 8: SYSTEM EVENTS

4 Check Enable Email Notifcation of System Events.

5 In the SMTP IP Address field, enter the IP address of the server to which

the email notifications from the Webcache will be sent.

CAUTION: To use the email notification feature, you must enter the IP

address of an SMTP server that does not require SMTP authentication in

the SMTP IP Address field in the Email Notification screen.

6 In the From Addresses for Notifications field, enter the address of the

email account from which the email notifications will appear to be sent

from.

CAUTION: If you do not enter a valid email address, the email

notifications will be rejected by the server that you entered in the SMTP

Name/IP address field. A valid email address is a fully specified address

containing a domain name, for example “[email protected]”. The

partial address “webcache” would be rejected by the server.

3Com recommends that you use the domain name of the Webcache as

the email address. If you have entered “webcache” as the host name and

“mycompany.com” as the DNS domain name of the Webcache, then you

would enter “[email protected]” as the email address.

7 In the To Addresses to Receive Notifications field, enter the addresses of

all the email accounts that will receive the email notifications. Ensure that

you separate each address with a comma. You can enter up to 255

characters in this field.

8 You can configure the Webcache to send an email notification when

certain system events occur by checking the relevant boxes:

Webcache Software Upgrade Events

This includes the following events:

A new software upgrade is available.

This email notification will only be sent if you have enabled automatic

software upgrade detection on the Webcache. You can do this using the

Upgrade Settings screen.

A software upgrade has succeeded.

A software upgrade has failed.

Webcache System Failure Events

This includes the following events:

The Webcache has failed its Power On Self Test.

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SNMP Traps

System Failure is also indicated by a yellow Power/Self Test/System Fault

LED on the front panel of the Webcache; for more information, see the

“Introducing the Webcache” chapter on page 17.

A cache storage device has failed.

9 Click OK.

SNMP Traps

You can configure the Webcache to automatically generate Simple

Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps when certain significant

system events occur. An SNMP trap is a message generated by the

Webcache in response to a particular event. It is sent to a specified

network management station in your network which receives and filters

it. You can configure the network management station to log the

generated traps, filter out the traps that you are not interested in and

issue event notifications. The structure and content of the SNMP traps are

defined in the Management Information Bases (MIBs) that the Webcache

supports.

The Webcache supports the following MIB-2 (standard MIB) and

Webcache MIB traps:

Table 11 SNMP Traps

SNMP Trap

Description

Cold Start

The Webcache is reinitailizing itself such that its system

configuration may be altered.

The admin user has failed to login to the Webcache, or a

user name other than admin has been entered.

Upgrade Completed

Successfully

A Software Upgrade has been successfully completed on

the Webcache.

Upgrade Failed

A Software Upgrade has failed on the Webcache.

New Image Detected

The Webcache has detected and downloaded a new

software version that you can choose to upgrade to. The

trap indicates the current software version on the

Webcache and the software version that has been

downloaded.

Image Detection Server The FTP site that the Webcache automatically detects and

Unavailable

downloads software upgrades from is unavailable. You

can use the Upgrade Settings screen to change the FTP

site. For more information, see the “Software Upgrade

and Installation” chapter on page 83.

(continued)

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CHAPTER 8: SYSTEM EVENTS

SNMP Trap

Description

Caching Disk Failed

A cache storage device within the Webcache has failed.

You have to return the unit to 3Com.

System Error

The Webcache can no longer function as a cache due to

hardware failure.

Configuring SNMP To configure SNMP Traps using the Web interface:

Traps

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Management -> Events -> SNMP T r aps in the

Navigation T ree. The SNMP Trap Destination Setup screen is displayed.

4 Enter the IP address of the network management station in your network

that will handle the SNMP traps in the IP Address of Management Station

field.

The community string of the network management station is set to

“monitor”. You can only change this default setting using the Command

Line Interface; for more information, see “Setting the Webcache SNMP

Community String” on page 124.

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PERFORMANCE MONITORING

This chapter contains information about monitoring the performance of

the Webcache 1000/3000. It covers the following topics:

What is Performance Monitoring?

Caching Performance Graphs

System Performance Graphs

I/O Performance Graphs

What is

Performance

Monitoring?

Performance monitoring allows you to assess the caching and system

performance of the Webcache via a series of easy-to-understand MRTG

(Multi Router Traffic Grapher) graphs. The Caching Performance graphs

show the bandwidth savings, hit/miss rate, request rate, response time

and throughput for the Webcache. You can use them to find out quickly

and accurately how the Webcache is performing and how much value it

is providing to your network.

The System Performance and I/O Performance graphs show more detailed

information which is intended for use by your System Administrator and

3Com support personnel.

Performance monitoring is always enabled; you cannot turn it off.

Caching

Performance

Graphs

The Caching Performance graphs show detailed information about the

caching performance of the Webcache.

To view the Caching Performance graphs:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Select Performance -> Graphs in the Navigation Tree.

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CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE MONITORING

3 Select Caching Performance Graphs from the available graph types.

Select one of the three available time periods, Daily, Weekly, or Monthly,

by clicking the appropriate radio button.

4 Click OK.

The Caching Performance graphs show the following information, which

is updated every 5 minutes:

Bandwidth Saving (%)

The average percentage of bandwidth savings obtained through the

use of the Webcache. This is calculated as the ratio of bytes served by

the Webcache to total requested bytes.

Hit and Miss Rate (%)

The percentage of client machine HTTP requests sent to the Webcache

that have been served from the Webcache (a cache hit) and not served

from the Webcache (a cache miss). A cache miss requires the content

to be retrieved from the origin server over the Web.

A high hit rate indicates more efficient operation, as the Webcache is

saving requests from being sent to the Web, which speeds up

response time and reduces bandwidth use. A reasonable hit rate is

40-60%. The hit rate that the Webcache achieves is largely dependant

upon:

How frequently the same request is made. The hit rate will be low

if there is no revisiting of sites. Caching only works well if the same

request is made frequently. The smaller the range of requests

made, the more effective the Webache will be and the higher the

hit rate will be.

Whether the content provider on the origin web site allows the

content to be cached or not. Some content providers will prevent

certain information from being cached.

Whether the content is frequently changed on the origin web site.

If so, the copy held on the Webcache must be discarded, and the

new version retrieved. This is treated as a cache miss.

Request Rate (sec^-1)

The average number per second of client machine HTTP requests sent

to the Webcache.

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System Performance Graphs

Hit and Miss Latencies (msec)

The average time per request that the Webcache takes to respond to

client machine HTTP requests. The response time includes both cache

hits and cache misses.

A short response time indicates more efficient operation, because

more content is being served from the high speed Webcache, and less

from the slow World Wide Web.

Throughput (Kbits/sec)

The average amount per second of HTTP throughput served by the

Webcache.

System

Performance

Graphs

The System Performance graphs show more detailed information about

the performance of the Webcache. They are intended for use by your

System Administrator and 3Com support personnel.

To view the System Performance graphs:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Select Performance -> Graphs in the Navigation Tree.

3 Select System Performance Graphs from the available graph types. Select

one of the three available time periods, Daily, Weekly, or Monthly, by

clicking the appropriate radio button.

4 Click OK.

The System Performance graphs show the following information, which is

updated every 5 minutes:

CPU Load (%)

The average and maximum percentage of load on the Webcache’s

central processing unit (CPU).

Memory Usage (Mbytes)

The average amount of physical memory that is being used in the

Webcache.

I/O Performance

Graphs

The I/O (Input/Output) Performance graphs show more detailed

information about the performance of the Webcache. They are intended

for use by your System Administrator and 3Com support personnel.

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CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE MONITORING

To view the I/O Performance graphs:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Select Performance -> Graphs in the Navigation Tree.

3 Select I/O Performance Graphs from the available graph types. Select one

of the three available time periods, Daily, Weekly, or Monthly, by clicking

the appropriate radio button.

4 Click OK.

The I/O Performance graphs show the following information, which is

updated every 5 minutes:

Disk Activity (sec ^-1)

The average number of disk operations per second to the caching

disk(s).

Network Packets (sec ^-1)

The average number per second of TCP packets sent to and received

by the Webcache.

New TCP Connection (sec ^-1)

The average number per second of TCP connections established by

the Webcache.

DNS Lookups (sec ^-1)

The average number per second of Domain Name System (DNS) server

requests sent to the Webcache.

DNS Hit Rate (%)

The average percentage of Domain Name System (DNS) server

requests served by the Webcache. This is calculated as the ratio of

host database hits to host database requests.

The Webcache has its own internal cache of DNS entries. The DNS Hit

Rate shows how effective this cache is being in avoiding DNS lookups to

the DNS server.

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SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS

This chapter contains information about troubleshooting the

configuration and network connectivity of the Webcache 1000/3000. It

covers the following topics:

What are System Diagnostics?

Pinging Other Devices

Tracing IP Addresses

System Log

What are System

Diagnostics?

You can use the various system diagnostic capabilities of the Webcache to

help you identify any problems that may occur.

Ping — Ping other devices on the network.

Trace Route — Trace the network hops to a device on your network.

System Log — View information about the Webcache.

Pinging Other

Devices

The PING feature allows you to send out a PING request to test whether

devices on an IP network are accessible and functioning correctly. This

feature is useful to diagnose connectivity problems such as a failed

network device between the Webcache and the web server being

accessed.

Performing a Ping To ping a device using the Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select Protocol -> Ping/TraceRoute in the Navigation Tree. The

Ping/Traceroute screen is displayed.

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CHAPTER 10: SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS

4 In the IP Address field, enter the IP address of the device that you want to

PING. Click Ping.

5 The Webcache sends a single PING request to the specified device and a

message similar to the following is displayed:

Starting ping, resolution of displayed time is 10

milli-seconds

If the device is accessible and functioning correctly, a message similar to

the following is displayed:

64 bytes from 192.156.136.22: icmp_seq=0 ttl=248 time=195.2

If the device is not accessible, or is not functioning correctly, a message

similar to the following is displayed:

No answer from 192.156.136.22

You can interrupt a PING request at any time by clicking Stop.

Tracing IP

Addresses

The Trace Route feature allows you to display the network hops from the

Webcache to a device on an IP network. This feature is useful to diagnose

connectivity problems such as a failed network device between the

Webcache and the web server being accessed.

Performing a Trace To perform a trace route to a device using the Web interface:

Route

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select Protocol -> Ping/TraceRoute in the Navigation Tree. The

Ping/Traceroute screen is displayed.

4 In the IP Address field, enter the IP address of the device that you want to

trace. Click TraceRoute.

5 The Webcache sends a trace route request to the specified device and a

message similar to the following is displayed:

traceroute to 191.128.40.121, 30 hops max, 38 byte packets

If the device is accessible and functioning correctly, a message similar to

the following is displayed which displays the network hops. Each hop

may take a few seconds to complete:

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System Log

1.routerc1 (140.204.20.20) 1.292ms, 1.343ms, 1.810ms

2.BW-RTR-4.EUR.3Com.COM (161.71.21.45) 26.027ms, 27.156ms,

44.902ms

3.BW-RTR-1.EUR.3Com.COM (140.204.220.15) 24.323ms, 24.854ms,

30.096ms

4.janeway (161.71.123.36) 27.303ms, 33.639ms

If the device is not accessible, or is not functioning correctly, only the hops

that worked are displayed.

You can interrupt a trace route request at any time by clicking Stop.

System Log

The System Log records all of the events that occur on the Webcache and

displays the information in text format. You can configure how detailed

the information is, how much of it is displayed and how it is accessed.

The System Log is primarily intended to be used by your System

Administrator and 3Com support personnel to troubleshoot the

Webcache.

Configuring the To configure the System Log using the Web interface:

System Log

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select Diagnostics -> Setup System Log in the Navigation Tree. The

Setup System Log screen is displayed.

4 You can choose to save the contents of the System Log onto a single

management station in your network that has syslog analysis tools. This is

of particular benefit if you are working with 3Com support personnel.

Enter the IP address of the syslog server in the Enter Syslog Server IP

Address field to enable this feature.

5 If you want to record more detailed system log information, check Enable

Verbose Logging and select either Low, Medium or High.

By default, the save system log information feature is disabled. You must

enable this feature if you want to view the entire contents of the System

Log on a syslog server. You can only view the last 256 lines of the log

using the View System Log command of the Web interface. However,

enabling verbose system logging may affect the performance of the

Webcache because of the extra information that it is recording. You

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CHAPTER 10: SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS

should only enable it if you have been instructed to do so by 3Com

support personnel.

What is a Syslog Syslog is a standard protocol for reporting system events that occur on

Server? the Webcache and most other modern network devices. A syslog server

allows you to capture these system events, store them and display them

in a variety of formats. The purpose of a syslog server is to listen for

incoming syslog messages (system events) on a UDP port (usually 514)

and then decode and process the messages for logging and notification

purposes. Syslog servers are also known as “syslog daemon” or, on Unix,

“syslogd und Unix”. Unix systems always have a syslog server installed,

but Microsoft Windows does not include one.

Obtaining a Syslog The CD-ROM contains a freeware application called 3CDaemon that

Server allows you to configure a Syslog and TFTP server on a Microsoft Windows

server. You can use the 3CDaemon syslog server to capture syslog events

from devices and machines on your network. Note that 3CDaemon is

provided without warranty by 3Com.

WebTrends Firewall Suite has an integral Syslog server which you can also

use to capture syslog events from devices and machines on your network.

Download this from:

http://www.webtrends.com

(correct at time of publishing)

Microsoft recommends free syslog servers for Windows:

http://www.microsoft.com/NTServer/nts/exec/vendors/freeshare

/Special.asp

(correct at time of publishing)

You can purchase a syslog server program for Windows. For example you

can purchase WinSyslog from:

http://www.winsyslog.com/en/

(correct at time of publishing)

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System Log

Viewing the System To view the contents of the System Log using the Web interface:

Log

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select Diagnostics -> View System Log in the Navigation Tree. The

System Log screen is displayed. The last 256 lines of the System Log are

displayed. Click Refresh to update the information that is displayed.

The System Log is primarily intended to be used by your System

Administrator and 3Com support personnel to troubleshoot the

Webcache.

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CHAPTER 10: SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS

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SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND

INSTALLATION

This chapter contains information about upgrading and installing the

management software of the Webcache 1000/3000. It covers the

following topics:

What is a Software Upgrade?

Detecting Software Upgrades

Performing a Software Upgrade

What is a Software Installation?

Performing a Software Installation

Saving and Restoring Configurations

Saving a Configuration

Restoring a Configuration

What is a Software

Upgrade?

You can upgrade the management software of the Webcache when a

new version becomes available.

3Com recommends that you always upgrade to the latest software

version to take advantage of additional functionality, bug fixes and

features.

You can configure the Webcache to automatically detect and download

new software versions, and notify you of their availability (via email

notification; for more information, see “Email Notification” on page 83).

The next time that you log in to the Webcache, the Upgrade Software

wizard opens and guides you through the software upgrade process.

Alternatively, you can manually perform a software upgrade, by

downloading and locating the software upgrade file yourself.

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CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND INSTALLATION

The configuration of the Webcache is preserved after a software upgrade

has been performed; you do not have to re-configure the settings.

3Com recommends that you configure the Webcache to automatically

detect new software versions.

Software Upgrade An SNMP Trap is sent to your network management station when any of

SNMP Traps the following events occur:

When the software upgrade server is not available and automatic

software upgrade detection is enabled.

A new software upgrade is detected.

A software upgrade is successful.

If the software upgrade is completed successfully, the trap indicates

that the upgrade has been successful and tells you what software

version the Webcache is now running.

A software upgrade fails.

If the software upgrade is completed unsuccessfully, the trap indicates

that the upgrade has been unsuccessful and tells you why it failed.

For more information about SNMP Traps, see “SNMP Traps” on page 85.

Unsuccessful The Webcache software upgrade process is robust and guards against an

Software Upgrades upgrade failure. Should a software upgrade fail, the Webcache will

automatically revert to using the software version that was installed

before the upgrade was started. The upgrade process is resilient to power

failure, network failure or system failure. Prior to offering an automatic

software upgrade, the Webcache will download the new software

version onto temporary storage on the Webcache, ensuring that the

complete software image file is available before commencing the

upgrade.

Detecting Software

Upgrades

To configure the detection of software upgrades using the Web interface:

1 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

2 Select System > Control > Upgrade Settings in the Navigation Tree.

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Performing a Software Upgrade

3 If you want the Webcache to automatically detect and download new

software versions, and notify you of their availability, check Enable

Automatic Software Upgrade Detection.

The Webcache notifies you of the availability of new software versions via

email notification; for further information, see “Email Notification” on

page 83.

If you want to disable automatic detection, and instead perform software

upgrades from a file on a local server, ensure that Enable Automatic

Software Upgrade Detection is unchecked.

4 The default FTP site settings are displayed:

FTP Server Address: ftp.3com.com

FTP Server Directory: pub/webcache

Username: anonymous

Password: [email protected]

When a password has been set, ********** is displayed in the Password

field, regardless of how many characters the password actually is. You

can change the password by clicking Change Password and entering the

new password. The password must be between 1 and 32 characters in

length. The default password is [email protected]. If

you set the DNS domain name to be mycompany.com and the DNS host

name to be mycache, the default FTP password would be

[email protected]. If the DNS host name and domain

are not set, the default password is Webcache.

If necessary, you can change the FTP site that the Webcache automatically

downloads software upgrades from by entering the new FTP address,

directory, user name and password in the appropriate fields. You may

want to change the FTP site in order to download a software upgrade

from a location other than the default 3Com FTP site.

You can restore the FTP site to the factory defaults by clicking Restore

Defaults.

Performing a

Software Upgrade

Performing an Automatically Detected Software Upgrade

This occurs if Enable Automatic Software Upgrade Detection is checked

in the Upgrade Settings screen and a new software version has been

detected. The Software Upgrade wizard will automatically start the next

time that you log in to the Webcache.

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CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND INSTALLATION

3Com recommends that you save your system configuration settings

once the Webcache is configured and deployed within your network.

Saving the configuration settings ensures that you can recover your entire

system configuration if you ever need to re-install an older software

version. For more information, see “Saving and Restoring Configurations”

on page 103.

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 If a new software version has been detected, the first screen of the

Upgrade Software wizard is displayed. Click Next.

3 The Software Upgrade Available screen is displayed. Click Next.

4 You have four options to choose from:

View Upgrade Version Release Notes

Select this to view detailed information about the new software

version.

Upgrade Now

Select this to upgrade the Webcache to the new software version

now.

Upgrade Later

Select this to upgrade the Webcache to the new software version at a

later time. You will be reminded about the upgrade when you next log

in to the Webcache, as the Upgrade Software wizard will

automatically open.

Discard Upgrade

Select this if you do not want to upgrade the Webcache to the new

software version. You will not be reminded about the upgrade to this

particular version. The Upgrade Software wizard will not offer you the

chance to upgrade to this version if you discard the software version.

If you select Discard Upgrade and later wish to install the software

version, you must disable Automatic Software Upgrade Detection in

the Upgrade Settings window and perform a manual software

upgrade.

Select an option and click Next.

5 If you selected View Upgrade Version Release Notes, the release notes are

displayed in a new instance of the browser window. Click Close to return

to the Software Upgrade Available screen.

If you selected Upgrade Now, the Finish screen is displayed. Go to step 6.

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Performing a Software Upgrade 101

If you selected Upgrade Later, the Finish screen is displayed. Click Finish to

exit the Upgrade Software wizard.

If you selected Discard Upgrade, the Finish screen is displayed. Click Finish

to exit the Upgrade Software wizard.

6 Carefully read the summary information, which displays the name of the

software image file, its software version and the date on which it was

created. Click Finish to start the upgrade.

7 The software upgrade may take several minutes to complete. The

Software Upgrade Successful screen is displayed when the software

upgrade has been successful.

8 Click OK to exit the Upgrade Software wizard and reboot the Webcache.

This will complete the software upgrade. The Device View is displayed in

the Web interface.

Performing a Manual Software Upgrade

You can manually perform a software upgrade by downloading and

locating the software upgrade file yourself. You must disable automatic

software upgrade detection before you can perform a manual upgrade;

for more information see “Detecting Software Upgrades”on page 98.

Also, you can only perform a software upgrade if you have downloaded a

newer software version than the one that is currently installed on the

Webcache. To do this:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Control -> Upgrade Software in the Navigation Tree.

The first screen of the Upgrade Software wizard is displayed. Click Next.

4 In the Webcache Software Image field, enter the network path and

filename of the software image file that you want to upgrade to.

You can click Browse to search for the location of a software image file.

Click Next.

5 The Webcache will verify if the file that you have selected is valid. If it is

not valid, the software upgrade fails.

6 If the file is valid, the final screen of the wizard is displayed. Carefully read

the summary information, which displays the name, software version and

creation date of the current software image file and the new software

image file that you are upgrading to. Ensure that the software image is

the one that you want to upgrade to. Click Finish to start the upgrade.

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CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND INSTALLATION

7 The software upgrade may take several minutes to complete. The

Software Upgrade Successful screen is displayed when the software

upgrade has been successful.

8 Click OK to exit the Upgrade Software wizard and reboot the Webcache.

This will complete the software upgrade. The Device View is displayed in

the Web interface.

What is a Software

Installation?

You can install an older version of management software on the

Webcache than the version that is currently running. This is useful in the

unlikely event that you are experiencing problems following a software

upgrade of the Webcache. A software installation should only be

performed as an emergency recovery procedure.

3Com recommends that you always run the latest software version on

the Webcache.

CAUTION: Unlike a software upgrade, all of the Webcache’s

configuration settings are lost after a software installation has been

completed; the Webcache is reset to its factory defaults. For more

information, see “Default Settings” on page 22. To restore the settings

after the installation is complete, you must restore a system configuration

file that you have previously saved. This configuration file must have been

saved on the same software version as the software that you have just

installed. For more information, see “Saving and Restoring

Configurations” on page 103.

Unsuccessful The Webcache software installation process is robust and guards against

Software an installation failure. Should a software installation fail, the Webcache

Installations will automatically revert to using the software version that was installed

before the installation was started. The installation process is resilient to

power failure, network failure or system failure.

Performing a

To install an older version of management software using the Web

interface:

Software

Installation

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

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Saving and Restoring Configurations 103

3 Select System -> Control -> Install Software in the Navigation Tree.

The first screen of the Software Installation wizard is displayed. Click

Next.

4 In the Webcache Software Image field, enter the network path and

filename of the software image file that you want to install.

You can click Browse to search for the location of a software image file.

Click Next.

5 If the file that you have selected is an invalid Webcache software image,

the Software Installation Failed screen opens. Click Back to specify the

location of the software image file again.

If the file that you have selected is a valid Webcache software image, the

Perform Software Installation screen opens. Go to step 6.

6 Carefully read the summary information, which displays the name of the

software image file, its software version and the date on which it was

created. Ensure that the software image is the one that you want to

install. Click Finish to start the installation.

7 The software installation may take several minutes to complete. The

Software Installation Successful screen is displayed when the software

installation has been successful.

8 Click Reboot to exit the Software Installation wizard and reboot the

Webcache. This will complete the software installation. The Device View

is displayed in the Web interface.

Saving and

Restoring

Configurations

Saving and Restoring configurations is primarily intended to allow you to

revert to a previous software version in the unlikely event that you are

experiencing problems following a software upgrade of the Webcache.

You should always save your system configuration prior to commencing a

software upgrade. You can save a snapshot of the current configuration

settings of the Webcache to another client machine or server on your

network. This is useful if you need to install an older version of software

on the Webcache, as all configuration settings are lost after a software

installation. You can save the configuration settings at any time for the

current Webcache software version. Also, if the Webcache fails and is

replaced with a new unit, you can use a saved configuration to quickly

configure the settings of the replacement Webcache.

The Save Configuration operation saves the Webcache’s current system

configuration as a file in another location on your network. The saved

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CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND INSTALLATION

system configuration file includes a record of the Webcache software

version that was running when the configuration was saved.

The Restore Configuration operation restores the system configuration

from the file to the Webcache. It checks that the system configuration

being restored was created on the same Webcache software version as

the one that the Webcache is running.

Example

You perform a software upgrade and experience problems with the

Webcache. You now want to return the Webcache to a previous working

software version. You need to install the previous software version and

then restore the configuration that you saved prior to commencing the

upgrade.

To do this, you need to install the software image of the previous

software version. This is available either on the CD supplied with the

Webcache or on the 3Com FTP site. The same software image is used for

installation and for upgrades.

You need to perform a software installation to return the Webcache to a

previous working software version. All of the Webcache’s configuration

settings are lost after a software installation has been completed, except

the IP and DNS configuration. You should now browse to the Webcache’s

Web interface and restore the system configuration file that you saved

the last time the Webcache was running this older software version. You

would perform the Restore Configuration command to go back to a fully

configured Webcache running the previous software version.

If you had not previously saved a system configuration file for the older

software version, you would still be able to install a previous software

image, but you would have to re-enter all of the configuration settings.

CAUTION: You cannot restore a system configuration which was created

on a different software version to the version that the Webcache is

currently running.

Example: You save a configuration when the Webcache is running

software version 1.00. You later perform a software upgrade to version

1.01 and attempt to restore the 1.00 system configuration to the

Webcache. The Web interface will not allow you to restore the

configuration.

Therefore you should save a configuration file for each different software

version that you run on the Webcache. If you need to go back to an

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Saving a Configuration 105

earlier software version via a software installation, you can use a

matching configuration file to restore the settings.

Saving a

Configuration

To save the current system configuration of the Webcache using the Web

interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Control -> Save Configuration in the Navigation

Tree. The Save Configuration screen is displayed.

4 Click Save.

5 Your Web browser prompts you to enter a filename and to choose a

location. When you have entered the required information, click OK. The

save process begins and the Save Configuration screen is closed. The save

process may take a few seconds to complete.

6 Write down the filename and location of the system configuration file for

future reference. You should repeat this for every configuration that you

save.

7 The Save Configuration screen in the Web interface does not close

automatically when the save process has been completed. Click Cancel to

close the screen when the configuration has been saved.

You can exit the Save Configuration screen without saving a system

configuration file by clicking Cancel instead of Save.

Restoring a

Configuration

To restore a saved system configuration file to the Webcache using the

Web interface:

1 Log in to the Web interface.

2 Click Device View on the Toolbar.

3 Select System -> Control -> Restore Configuration in the Navigation

Tree. The Restore Configuration screen is displayed.

4 In the Configuration Filename field, enter the network path and filename

of the saved system configuration file that you want to restore.

You can click Browse to search for the location of a file.

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CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND INSTALLATION

CAUTION: You cannot restore a system configuration file which was

created on a different software version to the version that the Webcache

is currently running.

5 Click Restore. The restore process begins.

6 The Restore Configuration Successful screen appears. Click OK to reboot

the Webcache and complete the restoration of the system configuration

file. The Device View is displayed in the Web interface.

You can exit the Restore Configuration screen without restoring a system

configuration file by clicking Cancel instead of Restore.

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COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

III

Chapter 12

Command Line Interface

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108

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COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

The Webcache 1000/3000 has a Command Line Interface that allows you

to manage certain features from a terminal. You may want to use the

Command Line Interface to setup the Webcache for management

through the console port or over your network via T e lnet.

This chapter describes how to access and use the Command Line

Interface. It covers the following topics:

Accessing the Command Line Interface

Logging In To the Command Line Interface

Understanding the Command Line Interface

A Quick Guide to the Commands

Getting Started

Displaying and Changing IP-related Information

Displaying and Changing Security Information

Displaying and Changing Webcache Information and Functions

Accessing the

Command Line

Interface

You can access the Command Line Interface using:

A terminal or terminal emulator connected to the console port of the

Webcache directly, or through a modem.

A terminal or terminal emulator connected to the Webcache over an

IP network using Telnet. You can do this in two ways:

Run a telnet session explicitly to the IP address or Domain Name

System (DNS) name of the Webcache.

Select System -> Control -> Telnet in the Web interface. This opens

a telnet session to the Command Line Interface.

You must use a VT52 or VT100/ANSI compatible terminal emulator.

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Accessing the To manage the Webcache using the Command Line Interface through the

Command Line console port:

Interface Through the

Console Port

1 Connect the terminal or terminal emulator to the console port.

If you are connecting directly to the console port, you need a standard

null-modem cable.

If you are connecting to the console port using a modem, you need a

standard modem cable. The console port of the Webcache has a male

9-pin D-type connector. You can find pin-out diagrams for both cables

in the “Cable Specifications and Pin-outs” chapter on page 147.

To connect the cable:

a Attach the female connector on the cable to the male connector on

the console port of the Webcache.

b Tighten the retaining screws on the cable to prevent it from being

loosened.

c Connect the other end of the cable to your terminal, terminal

emulator, or modem. Make sure that the terminal, terminal emulator,

or modem have the same settings as the console port:

8 data bits

no parity

1 stop bit

To configure the settings of the terminal, terminal emulator, or modem,

see the documentation that accompanies it. You must configure the

terminal and set the line speed (baud) to match that of the Webcache

console port. Unless you have changed it, the default line speed is 9600

baud. You can change the baud rate of the console port via the Web

interface.

2 Access the Command Line Interface using a valid user name and

password. Default user names and passwords are described in “Logging

in as a Default User” on page 58.

3 Configure the basic settings of the Webcache by completing the Getting

Started wizard. For more information, see “Setting Up Using the

Command Line Interface” on page 40.

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Logging In To the Command Line Interface 111

Accessing the To manage the Webcache using the Command Line Interface over a

Command Line network using Telnet, open a Telnet session using a terminal emulator by

Interface Over the specifying the IP address of the Webcache. If you are unsure how to do

Network this, check the documentation supplied with the T e lnet facility.

Logging In To the

Command Line

Interface

To log in to the Command Line Interface, take the following steps:

1 Set up your network for Command Line Interface management; for more

information, see “Accessing the Command Line Interface” on page 109.

The login sequence for the Command Line Interface begins as soon as

the Webcache detects a connection to its console port, or as soon as a

Telnet session is started.

If the login sequence does not begin immediately, press Return a few

times until it does begin. If the sequence still does not begin, see “Solving

Command Line Interface Problems” on page 133.

2 At the Login and Password prompts, enter your user name and password.

For further information, see “Logging in as a Default User” on page 58.

To prevent unauthorized configuration of the Webcache, 3Com

recommends that you change the default password as soon as possible.

To do this using the Command Line Interface, you need to log in as the

default user and then follow the steps described in “Changing the Admin

Password” on page 121.

If you have logged on correctly, the Top-level menu of the Command Line

Interface is displayed as described in “Understanding the Command Line

Interface” on page 112. If you have not logged on correctly, the message

Incorrect password. is displayed and the login sequence starts again.

Exiting the Interface You can exit the Command Line Interface at any time; to do this, enter

logout at the Top-level of the Command Line Interface. If there is a

period of inactivity lasting longer than 30 minutes, you are logged out of

the Command Line Interface automatically. After the exit, the first key

that you press returns you to the login sequence.

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Understanding the

Command Line

Interface

Once you log in to the Command Line Interface, the Top-level menu is

displayed as shown below:

Figure 20 The Top-level Menu

The Command Line Interface is made up of two areas:

The Menu Area — Contains the current menu of commands. The

menu can contain commands to configure the Webcache or

commands to display other menus in the Command Line Interface.

Each command is accompanied by a brief description of its purpose.

The Command Area — Contains a Select menu option: prompt

where you can enter the commands displayed in the menu area.

From the Top-level menu, you can access these sub-menus:

GettingStarted command

This command allows you to specify basic configuration settings for

the Webcache.

Logout command

This command allows you to logout of the Command Line Interface.

Protocol menu

This menu contains commands that allow you to view and change

IP-related information and to display diagnostics-related information

for the Webcache.

Security menu

This menu contains commands that allow you to view and change

security-related information for the Webcache and the network.

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Understanding the Command Line Interface 113

System menu

This menu contains commands that allow you to view and configure

information about the Webcache.

Entering Commands The command area of the Command Line Interface contains a Select

menu option prompt that allows you to enter the commands in the menu

area.

Commands are not case-sensitive.

To enter a simple command:

At the prompt, enter the name of the command.

To enter multiple commands:

At the prompt, enter each command in succession. For example, to

enter the Protocol menu and change the Webcache IP configuration,

enter:

protocol ip basicConfig

from the Top-level menu.

To enter commands that require values:

Append the values to the name of the command. For example, to

display the system menu and change your password, enter:

system password <password>

If you do not specify values for a command that requires them, you

are prompted to enter the values. At each prompt, the default value is

displayed in brackets.

To enter abbreviated commands:

At the prompt, enter enough characters to uniquely identify the

commands. For example, to enter the security menu and change the

password for the admin user, enter:

se pa <password>

from the Top-level menu.

To abort a command

Press [Esc] to return to the Top-level menu.

Displaying Menus There are several ways to display the menus in the Command Line

Interface menu structure:

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

To display sub-menus:

At the Select menu option prompt, enter the name of the menu or

menus.

To display parent menus:

At the Select menu option prompt, enter q.

To display the Top-level menu:

Press [Esc].

Obtaining Help You can access the Command Line Interface help system at any time by

entering ? at the Select menu option prompt.

A Quick Guide to

the Commands

Table 12 describes the commands that are available in the Command Line

Interface.

Table 12 Command line interface commands

Command

What does it do?

gettingStarted

Specifies basic setup information for the Webcache.

Exits the current user from the Command Line Interface.

Specifies basic IP management configuration.

Specifies Domain Name System (DNS) configuration.

Resets IP information to factory default settings.

Pings other devices on your network.

logout

protocol ip basicConfig

protocol ip dnsConfig

protocol ip initializeConfig

protocol ip ping

protocol ip summary

protocol ip traceRoute

security password

Displays IP summary information.

Traces the network hops to devices on your network.

Specifies the password for the current user.

Enables and disables password recovery.

Initializes the Webcache to factory default settings.

Reboots the Webcache.

security pwdRecover

system control initialize

system control reboot

system management community

system management contact

system management location

system management name

system summary

Sets the SNMP community string.

Specifies a contact name for the Webcache.

Specifies location details for the Webcache.

Specifies a name for the Webcache.

Displays summary information for the Webcache.

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Getting Started 115

Getting Started

The Getting Started command allows you to quickly configure or view

basic setup information for the Webcache.

To configure basic setup information:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

gettingStarted

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system name:

2 Enter a system name for the Webcache. The name can be up to 80

characters long.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system contact:

3 Enter a system contact for the Webcache. The name can be up to 80

characters long.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system location:

4 Enter a physical location for the Webcache. The location name can be up

to 80 characters long.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter IP address [192.168.1.253]:

5 Enter a valid IP address.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter subnet mask [255.255.255.0]

6 Enter a valid subnet mask.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter gateway IP address [0.0.0.0]:

7 Enter a valid gateway IP address.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter host name

8 Enter a valid host name.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter domain name

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

9 Enter a valid domain name.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter DNS Server IP address [0.0.0.0]:

10 Enter a valid Domain Network System (DNS) Server IP address.

The following prompt and a list of timezones is displayed:

Enter the index of timezone (1-30)[14]:

11 Enter the index number of the timezone that you want the Webcache to

operate in.

Example

Enter 7 if you want to select (T - 06:00) Central Time (US).

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter time option (NTP,manual) [manual]:

12 Enter either NTP (Network Time Protocol) or manual.

If you entered NTP, the following prompt is displayed:

Enter NTP server IP address [0.0.0.0]:

Enter a valid NTP server IP address.

If you entered manual, the following prompt is displayed:

Enter date [dd/mm/yy]:

Enter a valid date.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter time: [hour:min:sec]

Enter a valid time.

The date and time are set as soon as you press Return.

13 The following prompt is displayed:

Old password:

14 Enter the current password for the admin user.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter new password:

If you press Return without entering a password, the password is set to

<no password>.

15 Enter the new password for the admin user.

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Exiting the Command Line Interface 117

The following prompt is displayed:

Retype password:

16 Re-enter the new password. A message is displayed informing you that

the password has been successfully changed.

The following prompt is displayed:

Please enter mode of operation (proxy, transparent) [proxy]:

17 Enter either proxy or transparent.

For further information, see “Deploying the Webcache in Your Network”

on page 33.

If you entered proxy, the following prompt is displayed:

Enter caching port number

18 Enter the port number on which the Webcache will listen for traffic.

The Finish prompt is displayed, which summarises the selections that you

have made.

Exiting the

Command Line

Interface

You can exit the Command Line Interface at any time using the logout

command on the Top-level menu.

To exit the Command Line Interface, at the Top-level menu, enter:

logout

If a period of inactivity lasts longer than 30 minutes, the Webcache will

automatically log you out.

After the exit, the first key that you press returns you to the login

sequence.

Displaying and

Changing IP-related

Information

You can display and change the IP-related information for the Webcache

using the commands on the IP menu. These commands allow you to:

Specify basic IP management configuration

Configure the Domain Name System settings

Reset IP information to factory default settings

Send out a PING request

Display IP summary information

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Specify an IP address to be traced

Specifying Basic IP You can use the basicConfig command on the IP menu to configure the

Configuration IP stack of the Webcache. This will allow you to manage the Webcache

over IP via the CLI or Web interface. This command allows you to

configure the IP address, subnet mask and the default router IP address.

To configure basic IP management:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip basicConfig

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter IP address [196.168.100.1]:

2 Enter a valid IP address.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter Subnet mask [255.255.255.0]

3 Enter a valid subnet mask.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter Gateway IP address [196.168.100.2]:

4 Enter a valid gateway IP address.

Specifying Domain You can use the dnsConfig command on the IP menu to configure the

Name System Domain Name System settings of the Webcache. This command allows

Configuration you to configure the host name, domain name and the Domain Network

System (DNS) server address.

To configure the Domain Name Settings:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip dnsConfig

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter host name:

2 Enter a valid host name.

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter domain name

3 Enter a valid domain name.

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Displaying and Changing IP-related Information 119

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter DNS Server IP address [196.168.100.3]:

4 Enter a valid Domain Name System (DNS) Server IP address.

Resetting IP You can reset all IP information on the Webcache to factory default

Information to settings using the initializeConfig command on the IP menu.

Factory Default

To reset IP information to factory defaults:

Settings

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip initializeConfig

The following prompt is displayed:

WARNING: This change will lock out all SNMP, Telnet and Web

management access. Do you wish to continue (yes,no)[no]: no

2 Enter yes to reset the IP address for the Webcache.

Pinging Other The PING feature allows you to send out a PING request to test whether

Devices devices on an IP network are accessible and functioning correctly. This

feature is useful for testing that the Webcache is installed and set up

correctly, and that your network connections are working.

You can PING other devices on your network using the ping command

on the IP menu.

To PING a device:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip ping

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter destination IP address:

2 Enter the IP address of the device that you want to PING.

The Webcache sends a single PING request to the specified device and a

message similar to the following is displayed:

Starting ping, resolution of displayed time is 10

milli-seconds

If the device is accessible and functioning correctly, a message similar to

the following is displayed:

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

64 bytes from 192.156.136.22: icmp_seq=0 ttl=248 time=195.2

If the device is not accessible, or is not functioning correctly, a message

similar to the following is displayed:

No answer from 192.156.136.22

Displaying IP You can display IP summary information for the Webcache using the

Summary summary command on the IP menu.

Information

To display the IP information, at the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip summary

The IP information for the Webcache is displayed.

An example of the IP information is shown below:

IP address: 196.168.100.1

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default router: 196.168.100.2

Host Name: webcache

Domain name: mycompany.com

DNS address: 196.168.100.3

Tracing IP Addresses The Trace Route feature allows you to display the network hops from the

Webcache to a device on an IP network. This feature is useful for testing

that the Webcache is installed and set up correctly, and that your network

connections are working.

You can perform a trace route to other devices on your network using the

traceRoute command on the IP menu.

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

protocol ip traceRoute

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter destination IP address:

2 Enter the IP address of the device that you want to trace.

The Webcache sends a trace route request to the specified device and a

message similar to the following is displayed:

traceroute to 191.128.40.121, 30 hops max, 38 byte packets

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Displaying and Changing Security Information 121

If the device is accessible and functioning correctly, a message similar to

the following is displayed which displays the network hops:

1.routerc1 (140.204.20.20) 1.292ms, 1.343ms, 1.810ms

2.BW-RTR-4.EUR.3Com.COM (161.71.21.45) 26.027ms, 27.156ms,

44.902ms

3.BW-RTR-1.EUR.3Com.COM (140.204.220.15) 24.323ms, 24.854ms,

30.096ms

4.janeway (161.71.123.36) 27.303ms, 33.639ms

If the device is not accessible, or is not functioning correctly, a message

similar to the following is displayed:

No answer from 191.128.40.121

Displaying and

Changing Security

Information

You can display and change the Security-related information for the

Webcache using the commands on the Security menu. These commands

allow you to:

Specify the password for the current user

Enable and disable password recovery

Changing the Admin You can change the password for the admin user using the password

Password command on the Security menu.

To change the password, you need to login as the admin user and then

follow the steps below:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

security password

The following prompt is displayed, allowing you to enter a new

password:

Enter the password:

2 Enter the new password for the admin user.

The following prompt is displayed, allowing you to re-enter the new

password as confirmation:

Re-enter the password:

If you press Return without entering a password, the password is set to

<no password>.

3 A message is displayed informing you that the password has been

successfully changed.

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Enabling and You can enable or disable password recovery for the Webcache using the

Disabling Password pwdRecover command on the Security menu. For more information

Recovery about password recovery, see the “Security”chapter on page 71.

CAUTION: 3Com recommends that you leave Password Recovery

enabled. If you disable it and subsequently forget the password for the

admin user name, you will have to return the Webcache to 3Com.

To enable or disable password recovery:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

security pwdRecover

The following example prompt is displayed:

The Password Recovery feature is enabled.

Enter new value (enable,disable) [enable]:

Displaying and

Changing

You can display and change information about the Webcache using the

commands on the System menu. These commands allow you to:

Webcache

Initialize the Webcache to factory default settings

Reboot the Webcache

Information and

Functions

Specify a contact name for the Webcache

Specify location details for the Webcache

Specify a name for the Webcache

Specify a community string for the Webcache

Display summary information for the Webcache

Initializing the You can initialize the Webcache using the initialize command on the

Webcache Control menu.

To initialize the Webcache:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system control initialize

The following prompt is displayed:

WARNING: This command initializes the system to factory

defaults (excluding IP details) and causes a reset.

Do you wish to continue (yes,no) [no]:

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Displaying and Changing Webcache Information and Functions 123

2 Enter yes if you wish to proceed, or no if you want to stop the

initialization.

What Happens During an Initialization?

Initializing the Webcache returns it to its default (factory) settings; for

more information see “Default Settings” on page 22.

You may want to initialize the Webcache if it has previously been used in

a different part of your network, and its settings are incorrect for the new

environment.

CAUTION: Use great care when initializing the Webcache. It removes all

configuration information, including password and security information.

The Webcache takes approximately 60-90 seconds to initialize. While the

Webcache is initializing, you cannot communicate with it.

Rebooting the You can reboot the Webcache using the reboot command on the

Webcache Control menu.

To reboot the Webcache:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system control reboot

The following prompt is displayed:

Are you sure you want to reboot the system (yes,no) [no]:

2 Enter yes if you wish to proceed, or no if you want to stop the reboot.

What Happens During a Reboot?

Rebooting the Webcache simulates a power-off/on cycle. The Telnet

session to the Webcache will be terminated.

The Webcache takes about approximately 60-90 seconds to reboot.

While the Webcache is being rebooted, you cannot communicate with it.

Specifying a Contact You can specify contact name details for the Webcache using the

Name contact command on the Management menu.

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

To specify the contact name details:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system management contact

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system contact [<contact name>]:

2 Enter a system contact for the Webcache. The name can be up to 80

characters long.

Specifying Location You can specify physical location details for the Webcache using the

Details location command on the Management menu.

To specify the location details:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system management location

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system location [<location>]:

2 Enter a physical location for the Webcache. The location name can be up

to 80 characters long.

Specifying a You can specify a Webcache name using the name command on the

Webcache Name Management menu.

To specify the name:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system management name

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter system name [<system name>]:

2 Enter a system name for the Webcache. The name can be up to 80

characters long.

Setting the Webcache You can set a new community string for the Webcache using the

SNMP Community community command on the Management menu. You are setting the

String community string that must be provided by SNMP management

applications seeking to manage the Webcache.

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Displaying and Changing Webcache Information and Functions 125

To set the community string:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system management community

The following prompt is displayed:

Enter new community for user ‘admin’[private]:

2 Enter a community string for the admin user name.

Displaying Summary You can display the summary information for the Webcache using the

Information summary command on the System menu. This information may be useful

for your technical support representative if you have a problem.

To display the information:

1 At the Top-level menu, enter:

system summary

The administration details are displayed as shown in the example below:

3Com SuperStack 3

System Name

: Development

Location

: Wiring Closet, Floor 1

: System Administrator

: 2 days, 3 hours, 10 minutes

: 1_00

Contact

Time Since Reset

Software Version

Hardware Version

MAC Address

: 1.0

: 08:00:00:00:11:11

: 7ZNR001111

Serial Number

The following read-only fields are displayed:

System Name

Displays the descriptive name, or system name, for the Webcache. For

information about assigning a new name, see “Specifying a

Webcache Name”on page 124.

Location

Displays the physical location of the Webcache. For information about

assigning a new location, see “Specifying Location Details” on

page 124.

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CHAPTER 12: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

Contact

Displays the details of a person to contact about the Webcache. For

information about assigning new contact details, see “Specifying a

Contact Name” on page 123.

Time Since Reset

Displays the time that has elapsed since the Webcache was last reset,

initialized or powered-up.

Software Version

Displays the version number of the management software currently

installed on the Webcache.

Hardware Version

Displays the version number of the Webcache hardware.

MAC Address

Displays the MAC (Ethernet) address of the Webcache.

Serial Number

Displays the serial number of the Webcache.

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PROBLEM SOLVING

Chapter 13

Problem Solving

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128

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PROBLEM SOLVING

This chapter contains a list of known problems an d suggested solutions. It

covers the following topics:

Accessing the Webcache via the Console Line

Accessing the Webcache via Telnet

Solving Web Interface Problems

Solving Command Line Interface Problems

Solving Webcache Performance Problems

Accessing the

Webcache via the

Console Line

The terminal or terminal emulator cannot access the Webcache.

Check that:

Your terminal or terminal emulator is correctly configured to operate

as a generic (TTY) terminal, or a VT100 terminal.

You have performed the Command Line Interface wake-up procedure

by pressing [Return] a few times.

The settings on your terminal or terminal emulator are correct and

match those set for the Webcache console port:

8 data bits

no parity

1 stop bit

The Webcache only works with line speeds from 1200 to 19,200

baud. The default line speed of the Webcache is 9600 baud.

If the login sequence still does not display, reset the Webcache. For more

information, see “Rebooting the Webcache” on page 123. If this does

not work, initialize the Webcache. For more information, see “Initializing

the Webcache” on page 122.

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CHAPTER 13: PROBLEM SOLVING

The terminal or terminal emulator can no longer access the

Webcache over the network.

Check that the connections and network cabling for the LAN port are in

place.

If there is still a problem, try accessing the Webcache through a different

port. If you can now access the Webcache, a problem may have occurred

with the original port. Contact your supplier for further advice.

Accessing the

Webcache via

Telnet

You cannot access the Webcache using Telnet.

Check that:

The network cables are secure.

The network cable used to access the Webcache is connected to the

LAN port.

The Port Activity LED on the Webcache LAN port is Green or Green

Flashing.

The duplex settings are as expected by the rest of your network.

You can ping the Webcache.

The terminal or terminal emulator is set to VT52 or VT100 mode.

Press Return a few times to wake up the CLI.

Solving Web

Interface Problems

The Web interface is not displayed in the Web browser.

The Web interface can be accessed by any browser that conforms to the

following W3C standards: HTML 4.0, CSS 1.0, DOM, ECMA 262. To

display the Web interface correctly, use one of the following Web

browsers:

Microsoft Internet Explorer v4.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.0

Microsoft Internet Explorer v5.5

Netscape Communicator v4.5

Netscape Communicator v4.6

Netscape Communicator v4.7

Netscape Navigator version 6 is not supported by the Webcache.

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Solving Web Interface Problems 131

For the browser to operate the Web interface correctly JavaScript^™and

Cascading Style Sheets must be enabled on your browser. These features

are enabled on a browser by default. You will only need to enable them if

you have changed your browser settings.

You cannot access the Web interface.

If the browser on the client machine that you are using to configure the

Webcache is also using the Webcache as a proxy, and you enable Web

Client Blocking, you must ensure that you add the client machine to the

Except these IP Addresses field. If you do not do this, access from the

client machine to the Webcache will be blocked, preventing you from

using the Web interface.You can regain access by either:

Changing the client machine’s browser settings to remove the use of

the Webcache as a proxy or

Using a browser on a client machine whose IP address is not blocked

by Web Client Blocking to access the Web Interface.

You are using Internet Explorer and you cannot access the Web

interface.

In Netscape, you can enter a shortened URL such as 192.168.1.253:8081

and Netscape successfully accesses the Webcache. In Internet Explorer,

however, this URL is not recognized. You must include “http://” at the

start of the URL i.e. http://192.168.1.253:8081.

You are using Internet Explorer to manage multiple Webcaches

and the Device Summary table is not updating.

If you are using Internet Explorer to manage more than one Webcache at

the same time, the settings displayed in the Device Summary table will

not update when you change between the Webcaches. You must delete

the browser’s Temporary Internet Pages and then click Refresh to update

the Web interface with the correct information.

Some of the Web interface is not displayed in the Web browser

after downloading.

The Web interface responds slowly to commands.

This is probably due either to misbehavior of the Web browser, or large

amounts of traffic on the network. Reload the Web interface by clicking

Reload on the browser’s toolbar. If this does not solve the problem, go to

the end of the URL in the Address field of the browser and press [Return].

This causes the page to be reloaded entirely. If this does not solve the

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CHAPTER 13: PROBLEM SOLVING

problem, click in the part of the Web interface that has not displayed and

repeat the above.

Some of the text is not displayed in the Web interface windows.

You must ensure that the Display Font Size for your System is set to Small

Fonts (96 dpi). If it is set to Large Fonts, the Web interface will not

display correctly.

"URL not found" messages are displayed when the Contacts,

Home Page, Library or Support icons in the Help View are clicked.

Your management workstation cannot access the World Wide Web.

Contact your network administrator.

You forget the password for the admin user name and can no

longer perform important management operations.

Use the password recovery method outlined on page 73 to define a new

password for the admin user name.

The Customize Response page is not displayed when a Web site is

blocked.

There is a default option in Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 and later

versions that will cause a “friendly HTTP error message ” to be displayed

when a Web site is blocked, rather than the response page generated by

the Webcache. You can turn this setting off by selecting Tools > Internet

Options > Advanced and unchecking Show friendly HTTP error messages.

The Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) file is ignored by the Web

browser.

You must set the Web browser to read the PAC file for its settings; for

more information, see “Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) File Scripts” on

page 50. In Netscape, you can enter a shortened PAC address such as

webcache:8082 and Netscape successfully configures itself using the PAC

file. In Internet Explorer, however, this address is not recognized and you

are not warned that the PAC file is being ignored. You must include

“http://” at the start of the URL i.e. http://webcache:8082.

The System Time does not update in the Web interface

The system time shown in the Device Summary table does not get

automatically refreshed in the Web interface. Click Refresh in your

browser to update the time.

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Solving Command Line Interface Problems 133

The System Time is inaccurate

Check that:

The Webcache system time is configured to be set through the

Network Time Protocol (NTP).

NTP is enabled on the Webcache. If it is enabled, ping the NTP server

that you have specified to check that it is operational.

If the NTP server is not functional, or you are not confident it is

working correctly, try using another NTP server.

The timezone is set correctly.

Alternatively, the Webcache system time can be set manually. If you have

configured the system time manually and it is inaccurate, the Webcache

clock has probably drifted over time. 3Com recommends that you use the

Network Time Protocol to prevent this. If this is not possible, reset the

system time manually using the Time Configuration window. Also check

that the timezone is set correctly.

The Webcache fails to power-up

Check that:

The Power/Self Test LED on the front panel is Yellow or Off, possibly

indicating a system error. If so, contact 3Com support personnel.

If no front panel LEDs are lit, check the power connection to the

Webcache.

Solving Command

Line Interface

Problems

The Command Line Interface responds slowly to commands.

This is probably due to large amounts of traffic on the network. Logout

and then login again later when the amount of traffic to the Webcache is

less.

You forget the password for the admin user name and can no

longer perform important management operations.

Use the password recovery method outlined on page 73 to define a new

password for the admin user name.

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CHAPTER 13: PROBLEM SOLVING

Solving Webcache

Performance

Problems

The performance of the Webcache is poor

Check:

Whether any of the cache storage devices have failed. Examine the

front panel LEDs to ensure there are no faults found. If there are,

contact 3Com support personnel. As long as there is at least one

working cache storage device, the Webcache will operate as a cache,

but the failure of a cache storage device will degrade the performance

of the Webcache. If all cache storage devices have failed, the

Webcache will pass all requests through to the Web without

performing any caching.

The Caching Performance graphs in the Device View -> Performance

folder. Specifically check the Hit and Miss Rate graph. If the hit rate

percentage is low, save the system log onto another device in your

network. Then use a utility like Webtrends to analyze your web traffic

and see if a higher hit rate is expected.

Run a network performance test between your client machines and

your Webcache using the Ping command. Check that the response

time is reasonable.

Analyze your network to look for network errors.

If you are using Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) files to configure

browsers, try setting the browser settings manually to avoid the

overhead of PAC files.

If you are using the Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) protocol to

configure the browsers on client machines, try setting the browser

settings manually to avoid the overhead of the WPAD protocol.

The Webcache Domain Name Server configuration to check that it can

access the DNS server.

No Web sites can be accessed using the Webcache

Check the Webcache DNS and Default Router settings, and try to ping

these addresses from the Webcache.

Alternatively, if the Webcache is operating in transparent mode, it will not

service Web requests from browsers on client machines that are using the

Webcache as a proxy server. None of those client machines will be able to

access the Web. You must configure the browsers to use another proxy

server and bypass the Webcache, or configure the browsers so that they

are not operating in proxy mode.

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Solving Webcache Performance Problems 135

Local domain sites cannot be accessed using the Webcache as a

proxy

This is caused by an incorrect setting of the DNS domain name on the

Webcache. Check the DNS configuration of the Webcache.

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CHAPTER 13: PROBLEM SOLVING

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APPENDICES AND INDEX

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Safety Information

Cable Specifications and Pin-outs

Technical Specifications

Technical Support

Glossary

Index

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SAFETY INFORMATION

You must read the following safety information before carrying out any

installation or removal of components, or any maintenance procedures

on the Webcache 1000/3000.

WARNING: Warnings contain directions that you must follow for your

personal safety. Follow all directions carefully.

You must read the following safety information carefully before you

install or remove the unit.

AVERTISSEMENT: Les avertissements présentent des consignes que vous

devez respecter pour garantir votre sécurité personnelle. Vous devez

respecter attentivement toutes les consignes.

Nous vous demandons de lire attentivement les consignes suivantes de

sécurité avant d’installer ou de retirer l’appareil.

WARNHINWEIS: Warnhinweise enthalten Anweisungen, die Sie zu Ihrer

eigenen Sicherheit befolgen müssen. Alle Anweisungen sind sorgfältig zu

befolgen.

Sie müssen die folgenden Sicherheitsinformationen sorgfältig durchlesen,

bevor Sie das Gerät installieren oder ausbauen.

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140

APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION

Important Safety

Information

Installation and removal of the unit must be carried out by qualified

personnel only.

The unit must be earthed (grounded).

The unit must be connected to an earthed (grounded) outlet to comply

with European safety standards and EMC standards.

Power Cord Set

This must be approved for the country where it is used:

The supply plug must comply with BS1363 (3-pin 13

amp) and be fitted with a 5A fuse which complies with

BS1362.

The mains cord must be <HAR> or <BASEC> marked

and be of type HO3VVF3gO.75 (minimum).

Europe

The supply plug must comply with CEE 7/7

(“SCHUKO”).

The supply plug must comply with CE123-16/VII.

The cord set must be UL-approved and CSA certified.

USA and

Canada

The minimum specification for the flexible cord is:

No. 18 AWG

Type SV or SJ

3-conductor

The cord set must have a rated current capacity of at

least 10A.

The attachment plug must be an earth-grounding type

with a NEMA 5-15P (15A, 125V) or NEMA 6-15P (15A,

250V) configuration.

Denmark

The supply plug must comply with section 107-2-D1,

standard DK2-1a or DK2-5a.

Switzerland

The supply plug must comply with SEV/ASE 1011.

This unit operates under SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) conditions

according to IEC 950. The conditions are only maintained if the

equipment to which it is connected also operates under SELV conditions.

The appliance coupler (the connector to the unit and not the wall plug)

must have a configuration for mating with an EN60320/IEC320 appliance

inlet.

The socket outlet must be near to the unit and easily accessible. You can

only remove power from the unit by disconnecting the power cord from

the outlet.

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Important Safety Information 141

France and Peru only

This unit cannot be powered from IT† supplies. If your supplies are of IT

type, this unit must be powered by 230V (2P+T) via an isolation

transformer ratio 1:1, with the secondary connection point labelled

Neutral, connected directly to earth (ground).

†Impédance à la terre

U.K. Only:

If connecting a modem to the console port of the Webcache

1000/3000, only use a modem which is suitable for connection to the

telecommunications system.

WARNING: RJ-45 Ports. These are shielded RJ-45 data sockets. They cannot

be used as standard traditional telephone sockets, or to connect the unit to a

traditional PBX or public telephone network. Only connect RJ-45 data

connectors, network telephony systems, or network telephones to these

sockets.

Either shielded or unshielded data cables with shielded or unshielded

jacks can be connected to these data sockets.

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APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION

Consignes

importantes de

sécurité

L'installation et la dépose de ce groupe doivent être confiés à un

personnel qualifié.

Vous devez mettre l’appareil à la terre (à la masse) ce groupe.

Vous devez raccorder ce groupe à une sortie mise à la terre (mise à la

masse) afin de respecter les normes européennes de sécurité.

Cordon électrique

Il doit être agréé dans le pays d'utilisation :

Royaume-Uni

La prise secteur doit être conforme aux normes

BS1363 (tripolaire, 13 amp) et équipée d'un fusible

5A à conformité BS1362.

Le cordon secteur doit porter la mention <HAR> ou

<BASEC> et doit être de type HO3VVF3GO.75

(minimum).

Europe

La prise secteur doit être conforme aux normes CEE

7/7 ("SCHUKO")

La prise secteur doit être conforme aux normes

CEI23-16/VII.

Etats-Unis et

Canada

Le cordon doit avoir reçu l'homologation des UL et

un certificat de la CSA

Le cordon souple doit respecter, à titre minimum, les

spécifications suivantes :

Calibre 18 AWG

Type SV ou 5J

A 3 conducteurs

Le cordon doit être en mesure d'acheminer un

courant nominal d'au moins 10 A

La prise femelle de branchement doit être du type à

mise à la terre (mise à la masse) et respecter la

configuration NEMA 5-15P (15 A, 125 V) ou NEMA

6-15P (15 A, 250 V)

Danemark

Suisse

La prise mâle d'alimentation doit respecter la section

107-2 D1 de la norme DK2 1a ou DK2 5a

La prise mâle d'alimentation doit respecter la norme

SEV/ASE 1011

L’appareil fonctionne à une tension extrêmement basse de sécurité qui

est conforme à la norme CEI 950. Ces conditions ne sont maintenues

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Consignes importantes de sécurité 143

que si l'équipement auquel il est raccordé fonctionne dans les mêmes

conditions.

Le coupleur d'appareil (le connecteur du groupe et non pas la prise

murale) doit respecter une configuration qui permet un branchement

sur une entrée d'appareil EN60320/CEI 320.

France et Pérou uniquement: Ce groupe ne peut pas être alimenté par un

dispositif à impédance à la terre. Si vos alimentations sont du type

impédance à la terre, ce groupe doit être alimenté par une tension de 230

V (2 P+T) par le biais d'un transformateur d'isolement à rapport 1:1, avec

un point secondaire de connexion portant l'appellation Neutre et avec

raccordement direct à la terre (masse).

AVERTISSEMENT: Points d’accès RJ-45. Ceux-ci sont protégés par des

prises de données. Ils ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme prises de

téléphone conventionnelles standard, ni pour la connection de l’unité à

un réseau téléphonique central privé ou public. Raccorder seulement

connecteurs de données RJ-45, systèmes de réseaux de téléphonie ou

téléphones de réseaux à ces prises.

Il est possible de raccorder des câbles protégés ou non protégés avec des

jacks protégés ou non protégés à ces prises de données.

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144

APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION

Wichtige

Sicherheitsinformat

ionen

Die Installation und der Ausbau des Geräts darf nur durch Fachpersonal

erfolgen.

Das Gerät muß geerdet sein.

Das Gerät muß an eine geerdete Steckdose angeschlossen werden, die

europäischen Sicherheitsvorschriften und den Vorschriften zur EMV

entspricht.

Netzstecker

Dies muss von dem Land, in dem es benutzt wird geprüft werden.

Vereinigtes

Königreich:

Der Netzstecker muß die Norm BS1363 (13

Ampere, 3 Stifte) erfüllen und mit einer

5-A-Sicherung gemäß Norm BS1362 ausgestattet

sein.

Das Netzkabel muß vom Typ HO3VVF3GO.75

(Mindestanforderung) sein und die Aufschrift

<HAR> oder <BASEC> tragen.

Europa

Der Netzstecker muß die Norm CEE 7/7 erfüllen

("SCHUKO").

Der Netzstecker muß die Norm CEI23-16/VII

erfüllen.

USA und Kanada

Dänemark

Der Netzstecker muß die Vorschriften laut

Abshcnitt 107-2-01 der Norm DK2-1a oder

DK2-5a erfüllen.

Die Schweiz

Der Netzstecker muß die Norm SEV/ASE 1011

erfüllen.

Der Betrieb dieses Geräts erfolgt unter den SELV-Bedingungen

(Sicherheitskleinstspannung) gemäß IEC 950. Diese Bedingungen sind

nur gegeben, wenn auch die an das Gerät angeschlossenen Geräte

unter SELV-Bedingungen betrieben werden.

Der Gerätestecker (der Anschluß an das Gerät, nicht der

Wandsteckdosenstecker) muß eine passende Konfiguration für einen

Geräteeingang gemäß EN60320/IEC320 haben.

Nur für Frankreich: Diese Einheit kann nicht über Anschlüsse des Typs IT†

betrieben werden. Wenn Sie über IT-Anschlüsse verfügen, muß die Einheit

über einen geerdeten Trenner mit einem. Übersetzungsverhältnis 1:1 mit

230 V (2P+T) betrieben werden; dabei muß der zweite Anschlußpunkt die

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Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen 145

Bezeichnung Neutral tragen.

†Impédance à la terre.

WARNHINWEIS: RJ-45-Porte. Diese Porte sind geschützte

Datensteckdosen. Sie dürfen weder wie normale traditionelle

Telefonsteckdosen noch für die Verbindung der Einheit mit einem

traditionellem privatem oder öffentlichem Telefonnetzwerk gebraucht

werden. Nur RJ-45-Datenanscluße, Telefonnetzsysteme or Netztelefone

an diese Steckdosen anschließen.

Entweder geschützte oder ungeschützte Buchsen dürfen an diese

Datensteckdosen angeschlossen werden.

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146

APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION

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CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND

PIN-OUTS

Cable Specifications The Webcache supports the following cable types:

Category 3

One of five grades of Twisted Pair (TP) cabling defined by the

EIA/TIA-586 standard. Category 3 is voice grade cable and can only be

used in Ethernet networks (10BASE-T) to transmit data at speeds of up

to 10 Mbps.

Category 5

One of five grades of Twisted Pair (TP) cabling defined by the

EIA/TIA-586 standard. Category 5 can be used in Ethernet (10BASE-T)

and Fast Ethernet networks (100BASE-TX) and can transmit data at

speeds of up to 100 Mbps. Category 5 cabling is better to use for

network cabling than Category 3, because it supports both Ethernet

(10 Mbps) and Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) speeds.

3Com recommends that you use Category 5 cable — the maximum

segment length for this type of cable is 100 m (328 ft).

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148

APPENDIX B: CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PIN-OUTS

Pin-outs

Null-Modem Cable 9-pin to RS-232 25-pin

Webcache 1000/3000

Cable connector: 9-pin female

PC/Terminal

Cable connector: 25-pin male/female

only required if screen

Screen

TxD

Shell

Screen

RxD

always required

RxD

TxD

Ground

RTS

Ground

RTS

DTR

CTS

required for handshake

DSR

DCD

DTR

CTS

DSR

DCD

PC-AT Serial Cable 9-pin to 9-pin

Webcache 1000/3000

Cable connector: 9-pin female

PC-AT Serial Port

Cable connector: 9-pin female

only required if screen

Screen

DTR

Shell

Screen

DCD

RxD

Required for handshake

always required

TxD

RxD

TxD

required for handshake

always required

CTS

DTR

Ground

DSR

RTS

Ground

DSR

RTS

required for handshake

DCD

CTS

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Pin-outs 149

Modem Cable 9-pin to RS-232 25-pin

Webcache 1000/3000

Cable connector: 9-pin female

RS-232 Modem Port

Cable connector: 25-pin male

Screen

TxD

Shell

Screen

TxD

RxD

RTS

CTS

DSR

Ground

DCD

DTR

DSR

Ground

DCD

DTR

RJ-45 Pin Pin assignments are identical for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX RJ-45

Assignments connectors.

Table 13 Pin Assignments

Pin Number

Signal

Function

Ports configured as MDI

Transmit Data +

Receive Data +

Not assigned

Receive Data –

Not assigned

Bidirectional Data A+

Bidirectional Data A-

Bidirectional Data B+

Bidirectional Data C+

Bidirectional Data C-

Bidirectional Data B-

Bidirectional Data D+

Bidirectional Data D-

Ports configured as MDIX

Receive Data +

Receive Data -

Transmit Data +

Not assigned

Transmit Data –

Not assigned

Bidirectional Data B+

Bidirectional Data B-

Bidirectional Data A+

Bidirectional Data D+

Bidirectional Data D-

Bidirectional Data A-

Bidirectional Data C+

Bidirectional Data C-

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150

APPENDIX B: CABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND PIN-OUTS

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Physical Dimensions

Height: 44.45mm (1.75 in.) x Width: 482.6 mm (19.00 in.) x Depth: 610 mm

(24.02 in.) (not including bulge). Weight: 13 Kg (28.66 lbs)

Environmental Requirements

Operating Temperature

Storage Temperature

Operating Humidity

Standards

0 ° to 40 °C (32 ° to 104 °F)

–10 ° to +70 °C (14 ° to 158 °F)

10–95% relative humidity, non-condensing

EN60068 to 3Com schedule (Package testing: paras 2.1, 2.2, 2.30, and 2.32.

Operational testing: paras 2.1, 2.2, 2.30 and 2.13).

Safety

Agency Certifications

UL 1950, EN60950, CSA 22.2 No. 950, IEC 60950, NOM-019 SCFI,

AS/NZS 60950

EMC

Emissions

ICES-003 Class A, FCC Part 15 Class A, EN55022 Class A, VCCI Class A,

AS/NZS 3548 Class A, CISPRR 22 Class A, EN61000-3-2, EN61000-3-3,

CNS 13438 Class A, Korean EMI Class A

Immunity

EN 55024

Heat Dissipation

Power Supply

AC Line Frequency

Input Voltage Options

Current Rating

(continued)

400 watts maximum (1300 BTU/hour maximum)

50/60 Hz

90–240 VAC

4 A (amps) (maximum)

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152

APPENDIX C: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Standards Supported

SNMP:

SNMP protocol (RFC 1517)

Terminal Emulation:

Telnet (RFC 854)

MIB-II (RFC 1213)

Protocols Used for Administration:

UDP (RFC 768)

Interface MIB (RFC 1573)

Remote Monitoring MIB (RFC

1757)

IP (RFC 791)

ICMP (RFC 792)

TCP (RFC 793)

ARP (RFC 826)

TFTP (RFC 783)

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TECHNICAL SUPPORT

3Com provides easy access to technical support information through a

variety of services. This appendix describes these services.

Information contained in this appendix is correct at time of publication.

For the most recent information, 3Com recommends that you access the

3Com Corporation World Wide Web site.

Online Technical

Services

3Com offers worldwide product support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,

through the following online systems:

World Wide Web site

3Com Knowledgebase Web Services

3Com FTP site

World Wide Web Site To access the latest networking information on the 3Com Corporation

World Wide Web site, enter this URL into your Internet browser:

http://www.3com.com/

This service provides access to online support information such as

technical documentation and software, as well as support options that

range from technical education to maintenance and professional services.

3Com This interactive tool contains technical product information compiled by

Knowledgebase Web 3Com expert technical engineers around the globe. Located on the World

Services Wide Web at http://knowledgebase.3com.com, this service gives all

3Com customers and partners complementary, round-the-clock access to

technical information on most 3Com products.

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154

APPENDIX D: TECHNICAL SUPPORT

3Com FTP Site Download drivers, patches, software, and MIBs across the Internet from

the 3Com public FTP site. This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week.

To connect to the 3Com FTP site, enter the following information into

your FTP client:

Hostname: ftp.3com.com

Username: anonymous

Password: <your Internet e-mail address>

You do not need a user name and password with Web browser software

such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.

Support from Your

Network Supplier

If you require additional assistance, contact your network supplier. Many

suppliers are authorized 3Com service partners who are qualified to

provide a variety of services, including network planning, installation,

hardware maintenance, application training, and support services.

When you contact your network supplier for assistance, have the

following information ready:

Product model name, part number, and serial number

A list of system hardware and software, including revision levels

Diagnostic error messages

Details about recent configuration changes, if applicable

If you are unable to contact your network supplier, see the following

section on how to contact 3Com.

Support from 3Com If you are unable to obtain assistance from the 3Com online technical

resources or from your network supplier, 3Com offers technical telephone

support services. To find out more about your support options, call the

3Com technical telephone support phone number at the location nearest

you.

When you contact 3Com for assistance, have the following information

ready:

Product model name, part number, and serial number

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Support from 3Com 155

A list of system hardware and software, including revision levels

Diagnostic error messages

Details about recent configuration changes, if applicable

Here is a list of worldwide technical telephone support numbers. These

numbers are correct at the time of publication. Refer to the 3Com Web

site for updated information.

Country

Telephone Number

Country

Telephone Number

Asia, Pacific Rim

Australia

Hong Kong

India

1 800 678 515

800 933 486

+61 2 9937 5085 or

000800 6501111

001 800 61 009

03 5783 1270

P.R. of China

10800 61 00137 or

021 6350 1590 or

00800 0638 3266

800 6161 463

00798 611 2230 or

02 3455 6455

Singapore

S. Korea

Indonesia

Japan

Malaysia

New Zealand

Pakistan

1800 801 777

0800 446 398

+61 2 9937 5083

1235 61 266 2602

Taiwan, R.O.C.

Thailand

00798 611 2230

0080 611 261

001 800 611 2000

Philippines

Europe, Middle East and

Africa

From anywhere in these

regions, call:

+44 (0)1442 435529 phone

+44 (0)1442 436722 fax

Europe and South Africa

From the following countries, you may use the toll-free numbers:

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland

Israel

0800 297468

0800 71429

800 17309

0800 113153

0800 917959

0800 1821502

06800 12813

1800 553117

1800 9453794

800 8 79489

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

0800 3625

0800 0227788

800 11376

Poland

00800 3111206

0800 831416

0800 995014

900 983125

020 795482

0800 55 3072

0800 966197

Portugal

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

U.K.

Italy

Latin America

Brazil

Mexico

0800 13 3266

01 800 849CARE

Puerto Rico

Central and South America

800 666 5065

AT&T +800 998 2112

North America

1 800 NET 3Com

(1 800 638 3266)

Enterprise Customers:

1 800 876-3266

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156

APPENDIX D: TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Returning Products

for Repair

Before you send a product directly to 3Com for repair, you must first

obtain an authorization number. Products sent to 3Com without

authorization numbers will be returned to the sender unopened, at the

sender’s expense.

To obtain an authorization number, call or fax:

Country

Telephone Number

+ 65 543 6500

Fax Number

Asia, Pacific Rim

+ 65 543 6348

Europe, Middle East and Africa

Central and South America

+44 (0)1442 435529

525 201 0075

+ 44 (0)1442 436722

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

0810 222 3266

511 241 1691

0800 133266 or

55 11 5643 2700

525 201 0004

562 240 6200

525 201 0004

511 241 1691

525 201 0004

Caribbean

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

Mexico

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

From the following countries, you may call the toll-free numbers; select option 2 and then option 2:

Austria

0800 297468

0800 71429

800 17309

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland

0800 113153

0800 917959

0800 1821502

00800 12813

1800553117

1800 9453794

1678 79489

0800 0227788

800 11376

00800 3111206

0800 831416

0800 995014

900 983125

020 795482

0800 55 3072

0800 966197

Israel

Italy

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

U.K.

(continued)

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Returning Products for Repair 157

Country

Telephone Number

Fax Number

U.S.A. and Canada

1 800 NET 3Com

(1 800 638 3266)

1 408 326 7120

(not toll-free)

Enterprise Customers:

1 800 876 3266

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158

APPENDIX D: TECHNICAL SUPPORT

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GLOSSARY

3Com Network The 3Com umbrella management system used to manage all of 3Com’s

Supervisor networking solutions.

10BASE-T The IEEE specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Category 3, 4 or 5

twisted pair cable.

100BASE-TX The IEEE specification for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet over Category 5

twisted-pair cable.

auto-negotiation A feature on twisted pair ports that allows them to advertise their

capabilities for speed, duplex and flow control. When connected to a

port that also supports auto-negotiation, the link can automatically

configure itself to the optimum setup.

bandwidth The information capacity, measured in bits per second, that a channel

can transmit. The bandwidth of Ethernet is 10 Mbps and the

bandwidth of Fast Ethernet is 100 Mbps.

baud The signalling rate of a line, that is, the number of transitions (voltage

or frequency changes) made per second. Also known as line speed.

cache Stores copies of frequently accessed objects close to users and serves

them to users when requested.

cache hit An object in the cache that can be served directly to the client

machine.

cache miss An object that is not in the cache or that is in the cache but no longer

valid. In both cases, the Webcache must get the object from the origin

server.

client machine A computer, printer or server that is connected to a network. In this

User Guide, client machine is used to describe a machine on your

network which is running a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or

Netscape Navigator.

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160

GLOSSARY

DNS Domain Name System. This system maps a numerical Internet Protocol

(IP) address to a more meaningful and easy-to-remember name. When

you need to access another device on your network, you enter the

name of the device, instead of its IP address.

Ethernet A LAN specification developed jointly by Xerox, Intel and Digital

Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD to transmit

packets at a rate of 10 Mbps over a variety of cables.

Ethernet address See MAC address.

Fast Ethernet An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 100Mbps.

FTP File Transfer Protocol. A protocol based on TCP/IP for reliable file

transfer.

full duplex A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the

same time and, in effect, doubles the potential throughput of a link.

gateway See router.

half duplex A system that allows packets to transmitted and received, but not at

the same time. Contrast with full duplex.

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is a set of rules for exchanging files

(text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the

World Wide Web.

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for

providing engineering solutions for TCP/IP networks. In the network

management area, this group is responsible for the development of the

SNMP protocol.

Intranet An Intranet is an organisation wide network using Internet protocols

such as web services, TCP/IP, HTTP and HTML. An Intranet is normally

used for internal communication and information, and is not accessible

to computers on the wider Internet.

IP Internet Protocol. IP is a layer 3 network protocol that is the standard

for sending data through a network. IP is part of the TCP/IP set of

protocols that describe the routing of packets to addressed devices.

IP address Internet Protocol address. A unique identifier for a device attached to a

network using TCP/IP. The address is written as four octets separated

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GLOSSARY

161

with periods (full-stops), and is made up of a network section, an

optional subnet section and a host section.

LAN Local Area Network. A network of client machines (such as PCs,

printers, servers) and network devices (hubs and switches) that cover a

relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or

building). LANs are characterized by high transmission speeds over

short distances (up to 1000 m).

LAN port An auto-negotiating 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX RJ-45 port which is used to

connect the Webcache to the network in either Proxy or Transparent

deployment environments.

latency The delay between a web request being issued from the Web browser

on a client machine and the information arriving back at the browser.

line speed See baud.

MRTG Multi Router Traffic Grapher. A graphing tool provided with the

Webcache that enables you to monitor the Webcache’s performance.

NTP Network Time Protocol. This protocol is used to synchronize the time of

client machines and servers with other well-known, highly accurate

servers or reference time sources (such as a radio, satellite receiver or

modem). It maintains a consistent Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

within your network which is far more accurate than the internal

system clocks of client machines.

origin server The web server that contains the original copy of the requested

information.

PAC Proxy Auto Configuration. PAC files allow you to create configuration

rules that determine how Web browsers operate when the Webcache is

being deployed in a Proxy cache.

PING Packet Internet or Inter-Network Gropher. This feature allows you to

send out a PING request to test whether devices on an IP network are

accessible and functioning correctly.

protocol A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. The

rules dictate format, timing, sequencing and error control.

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162

GLOSSARY

proxy cache The Webcache is connected to a Layer 2 switch in your LAN. The Web

browser on each client machine in your network must be configured to

explicitly direct its Web requests to the Webcache.

router A router is a device on your network which is used to forward IP

packets to a remote destination. An alternative name for a router is a

gateway.

server A computer in a network that holds the master version of a web

page/object. A web request that is not served by the Webcache must

go to the server across the World Wide Web. This is termed a cache

miss. A web request served by the Webcache is termed a cache hit.

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. The current IETF standard

protocol for managing devices on an TCP/IP network.

subnet An IP network can be divided into sub-networks, also known as

subnets. If you have a small network (less than 254 devices), you may

decide not to have multiple subnets.

subnet mask A subnet mask is used to divide the device part of the IP address into two

further parts. The first part identifies the subnet number. The second part

identifies the device on that subnet.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is the name for

two of the most well-known protocols developed for the

interconnection of networks. Originally a UNIX standard, TCP/IP is now

supported on almost all platforms, and is the protocol of the Internet.

TCP relates to the content of the data travelling through a network —

ensuring that the information sent arrives in one piece when it reaches

its destination. IP relates to the address of the client machine to which

data is being sent, as well as the address of the destination network.

Telnet A TCP/IP application protocol that provides a virtual terminal service,

letting a user log into another computer system and access a device as

if the user were connected directly to the device.

trace route This feature allows you to display the network hops from the

Webcache to a device on an IP network.

transparent cache The Webcache is connected to a Layer 4 device in your LAN which is

capable of Redirection. The Layer 4 switch (also known as a Layer 4

redirector or Web enabled switch) automatically redirects all Web

requests to the Webcache.

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GLOSSARY

163

VLAN Virtual LAN. A group of location- and topology-independent devices

that communicate as if they are on the same physical LAN.

WAN Wide Area Network. A communications network that covers a wide

area. A WAN can cover a large geographic area, and may contain

several LANs within it.

URL Uniform Resource Locator. The address that defines the route to a file

on the web or other Internet facility.

UTC Coordinated Universal Time. This is the standard time common to every

place in the world. Formerly and still widely called Greenwich Mean

Time (GMT) and also World Time, UTC nominally reflects the mean

solar time along the Earth's prime meridian.

WAN port On the Webcache, the WAN port is an auto-negotiating

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX RJ-45 port which is used to connect the

Webcache to the network in an inline deployment environment.

WPAD Web Proxy Auto-Discovery. This protocol enables the Web browser on

client machines to automatically find and load proxy configuration

information from a server without user intervention.

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164

GLOSSARY

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10BASE-T/100BASE-TX port 21

3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 153

3Com Network Supervisor 18, 83

3Com URL 153

CD-ROM 26

Command Line Interface 109

accessing 109

basicConfig command 118

community command 124

contact command 123

displaying menus 113

dnsConfig command 118

entering commands 113

exiting 111

getting started command 115

help 114

initialize command 122

initializeConfig command 119

IP 117

access levels of default users 58

Access Logging 79

analyzing the logs 81

configuring 80

squid format 79

viewing 81

accessing the Web interface 39, 58

addresses

IP 45

admin user name 71

banner 60

basicConfig command 118

blocking access

client machines 77

Web sites 75

setting up over the network 111

setting up through the console port 110,

pwdRecover command 122

quick guide 114

reboot command 123

Security 121

solving problems 133

summary (System) command 125

summary command 120

System 122

cable

modem 41

null-modem 41

pin-outs 147, 148

specifications 147

cache

proxy 33

manually configuring Web browsers 49

Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) 50

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) 53

transparent 33, 34

caching performance graph 87

bandwidth saving 88

hit and miss latencies 89

traceroute command 120

understanding 112

community command 124

community string 124

configurations

restoring 103, 105

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166

I NDEX

saving 103, 105

power/self test 20

connecting to the live network 44

console port 20, 41

hotspot 62

getting started command 115

contact command 123

controlling Web access 75

conventions

notice icons, About This Guide 12

text, About This Guide 12

Coordinated Universal Time 68

cross-over cable 38

customizing the response 76

default

I/O performance graph 89

settings 22

DNS lookups 90

deploying the Webcache 49, 57

proxy cache 33

transparent cache 34

Device Mimic 62

Device Summary 63

Device View 61

diagnostics 91

dnsConfig command 118

documentation

release notes 26

user guide 26

Domain Name System (DNS) 47

syntax 47

network packets 90

new TCP connection 90

information area 65

initialize command 23, 122

initializeConfig command 119

installing software 102

performing 102

unsuccessful 102

installing the Webcache 25

Internet

addresses 45

InterNIC 45

introducing the Webcache 17

IP address 45

default 38, 40

obtaining 45

Email Notification 83

configuring 83

events 93

events, system 83

email notification 83

LEDs

colour 32

front panel 19

activity 20

cache storage status 19

link status 19

power/self test 20

LAN port 21

operation 32

problems 32

rear panel 21

factory defaults 22

forgetting your password 72

front panel 19

front panel LEDs 19

activity 20

cache storage status 19

link status 19

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INDEX 167

link speed 22

port activity 22

WAN port 21

public servers 68

network, deploying the Webcache 49, 57

NTP 67

location command 124

log, system 93

null-modem cable 41

pin-outs 148

configuring 93

viewing 95

logging access 79

analyzing the logs 81

configuring 80

obtaining

registered IP address 45

online technical services 153

viewing 81

logging in

password 71

user name 71

logging in as a default user 58

password command 121

Command Line Interface 109

Management Information Bases 85

caching 87

management software installation 102

performing 102

unsuccessful 102

management software upgrades

configuring 98

bandwidth saving 88

hit and miss latencies 89

hit and miss rate 88

request rate 88

throughput 89

I/O 89

performing 99

SNMP Traps 98

unsuccessful 98

new TCP connection 90

system 89

managing the Webcache 57

MIBs 85, 154

mimic 62

modem cable 41

pin-outs 149

monitoring performance 87

monitoring Web access 75

CPU load 89

memory usage 89

performance monitoring 87

ping 91

ping command 119

pin-outs 147, 148

modem cable 149

null-modem cable 148

PC-AT serial cable 148

RJ-45 assignments 149

port

name command 124

navigation tree 64

network

addresses 45

hops 92

Network Supervisor 18

network supplier support 154

Network Time Protocol 67, 68

choosing a server 68

configuring 69

console 20

LAN 21, 44

RJ-45 20

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168

I NDEX

WAN 21

positioning the Webcache 26

power cord 26

power socket 20

power-up 31

Software Installation 102

problem solving 129

command line interface 133

Web interface 130

Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) 50

proxy cache 33

manually configuring Web browsers 49

Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) 50

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) 53

proxy mode 21

performing 99

SNMP T r aps 98

unsuccessful 98

solving problems 129

specifications, technical 151

Squid 79

pwdRecover command 122

rack-mounting 27

sub-networks. See subnets

summary (System) command 125

summary command 120

Summary View 61

syslog server 94

system diagnostics 91

System Events 83

email notification 83

power socket 20

WAN port 21

reboot command 123

registered IP address, obtaining 45

release notes 26

SNMP T r aps 85

configuring 86

System Log 93

response, customizing 76

Restore Configuration 103, 105

returning products for repair 156

RJ-45 assignments 149

RJ-45 ports 20

configuring 93

viewing 95

system performance graph 89

CPU load 89

Network Time Protocol 69

Safety Information 139

English 140

French 142

German 144

Save Configuration 103, 105

security 71

technical specifications 151

technical support

setting a password 71

setting up the Webcache 25, 36

using the Command Line Interface 40

using the Web interface 38

Simple Network Management Protocol 85

siting the Webcache 26

SNMP

3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 153

3Com URL 153

network suppliers 154

product repair 156

test network 38, 40

third-party tools 54

time configuration 67

toolbar 61

community string 124

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I NDEX 169

trace route 92

Web Site Blocking 75

configuring 76

customizing the response 76

Webcache

traceroute command 120

tracking access 79

analyzing the logs 81

configuring 80

connecting to the live network 44

default settings 22

front view detail 19

installing 25

viewing 81

transparent cache 33, 34

introduction 17

Unit hotspot 62

upgrading software 97

configuring 98

performing 99

SNMP T r aps 98

unsuccessful 98

URL 153

setting up 25, 36

setting up over the test network 38, 40

setting up through the console port 41

setting up using a cross-over cable 38

setting up using the Command Line

Interface 40

setting up using the Web interface 38

what is it? 17

user guide 26

user name, admin 71

Webtrends Log Analyzer 82

World Wide Web (WWW) 153

view

Summary 61

Warranty Card 26

Web access

controlling 75

monitoring 75

Web browsers

configuring with third-party tools 54

manual configuration 49

Proxy Auto Configuration (PAC) 50

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) 53

Web Client Blocking 77

configuring 78

Web interface

accessing 39, 58

banner 60

information area 65

navigation tree 64

solving problems 130

toolbar 61

Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) 53

resources 54

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170

INDEX

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3COM END USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT

IMPORTANT: Read Before Using This Product

YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING THIS

PRODUCT. IT CONTAINS SOFTWARE, THE USE OF WHICH IS LICENSED BY 3COM CORPORATION

(“3COM”) TO ITS CUSTOMERS FOR THEIR USE ONLY AS SET FORTH BELOW. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE

TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE. USING ANY

PART OF THE SOFTWARE INDICATES THAT YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS.

LICENSE: 3Com grants you a nonexclusive license to use the accompanying software program(s) (the

“Software”) subject to the terms and restrictions set forth in this License Agreement. You are not permitted

to lease, rent, distribute or sublicense the Software or to use the Software in a time-sharing arrangement or

in any other unauthorized manner. Further, no license is granted to you in the human readable code of the

Software (source code). Except as provided below, this License Agreement does not grant you any rights to

patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, or any other rights in respect to the Software.

The Software is licensed to be used on any workstation or any network server owned by or leased to you,

provided that the Software is used only in connection with a 3Com adapter. You may reproduce and provide

one (1) copy of the Software and supporting documentation for each such workstation or network server on

which the Software is used as permitted hereunder. Otherwise, the Software and supporting documentation

may be copied only as essential for backup or archive purposes in support of your use of the Software as

permitted hereunder. You must reproduce and include all copyright notices and any other proprietary rights

notices appearing on the Software and the supporting documentation on any copies that you make.

NO ASSIGNMENT; NO REVERSE ENGINEERING: You may not transfer or assign the Software and/or this

License Agreement to another party without the prior written consent of 3Com. If such consent is given and

you transfer or assign the Software and/or this License Agreement, then you must at the same time either

transfer any copies of the Software as well as the supporting documentation to the same party or destroy any

such materials not transferred. Except as set forth above, you may not transfer or assign the Software or your

rights under this License Agreement.

Modification, reverse engineering, reverse compiling, or disassembly of the Software is expressly prohibited.

However, if you are a European Community (“EC”) resident, information necessary to achieve interoperability

of the Software with other programs within the meaning of the EC Directive on the Legal Protection of

Computer Programs is available to you from 3Com upon written request.

EXPORT RESTRICTIONS: You agree that you will not export or re-export the Software or accompanying

documentation (or any copies thereof) or any products utilizing the Software or such documentation in

violation of any applicable laws or regulations of the United States and the country in which you obtained

them.

TRADE SECRETS; TITLE: You acknowledge and agree that the structure, sequence and organization of the

Software are the valuable trade secrets of 3Com and its suppliers. You agree to hold such trade secrets in

confidence. You further acknowledge and agree that ownership of, and title to, the Software and all

subsequent copies thereof regardless of the form or media are held by 3Com and its suppliers.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LEGEND: All technical data and computer software are commercial in

nature and developed solely at private expense. The Software is delivered as “Commercial Computer

Software” as defined in DFARS 252.227-7014 (June 1995) or as a “commercial item” as defined in

FAR 2.101(a) and as such is provided with only such rights as are provided in this License Agreement, which is

3Com’s standard commercial license for the Software. Technical data is provided with limited rights only as

provided in DFAR 252.227-7015 (Nov. 1995) or FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987), whichever is applicable. You

agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or

documentation delivered to you under this License Agreement.

TERM AND TERMINATION: This license will expire fifty (50) years from the date that you first use the

Software, if it is not earlier terminated. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the Software and

documentation together with all copies and merged portions in any form. It will also terminate immediately if

you fail to comply with any term or condition of this License Agreement. Upon such termination you agree to

destroy the Software and documentation, together with all copies and merged portions in any form.

GOVERNING LAW: This License Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California as such

laws are applied to agreements entered into and to be performed entirely within California between

California residents and by the laws of the United States. You agree that the United Nations Convention on

Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) is hereby excluded in its entirety from application to this

License Agreement.

LIMITED WARRANTY; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: All warranties and limitations of liability applicable to the

Software are as stated on the Limited Warranty Card or in the product manual, whether in paper or

electronic form, accompanying the Software. Such warranties and limitations of liability are incorporated

herein in their entirety by this reference.

SEVERABILITY: In the event any provision of this License Agreement is found to be invalid, illegal or

unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of any of the remaining provisions shall not in any way

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be affected or impaired and a valid, legal and enforceable provision of similar intent and economic impact

shall be substituted therefor.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT: This License Agreement sets forth the entire understanding and agreement between

you and 3Com, supersedes all prior agreements, whether written or oral, with respect to the Software, and

may be amended only in a writing signed by both parties.

3Com is a registered trademark of 3Com Corporation.

3Com Corporation, 5400 Bayfront Plaza, P.O. Box 58145, Santa Clara, CA 95052-8145. (408) 764-5000

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE VERSION 2, JUNE 1991

The 3Com Webcache uses the Linux operating system and MRTG graphing package, both are

covered by the GNU General Public Licence. These items of software are used unmodified.

The source code for the version of Linux used is available on the 3Com FTP site at ftp.3com.com

02111-1307 USA. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but

changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast,

the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to

make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free

Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other

Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can

apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are

designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this

service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the

software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you

to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of

the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the

recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.

And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives

you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is

no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its

recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not

reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that

redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program

proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or

not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND

MODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder

saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to

any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative

work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or

with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without

limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside

its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only

if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the

Program).Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any

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medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright

notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of

any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty

protection in exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the

Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided

that you also meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the

date of any change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from

the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of

this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started

running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an

appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a

warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to

view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an

announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not

derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves,

then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.

But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the

distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend

to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you;

rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on

the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work

based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under

the scope of this License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or

executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed

under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no

more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the

corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium

customarily used for software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.

(This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object

code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an

executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any

associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the

executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is

normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so

on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the

executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then

offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source

code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this

License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will

automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,

from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full

compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you

permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if

you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on

the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for

copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

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6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically

receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms

and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted

herein.You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not

limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)

that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If

you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other

pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a

patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies

directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to

refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance

of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is

not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to

contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free

software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made

generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on

consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute

software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this

License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by

copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an

explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in

or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in

the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from

time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to

address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this

License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions

either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does

not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software

Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions

are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free

Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our

decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software

and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM,

TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE

ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY

AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU

ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY

PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL

OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM

(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES

SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER

PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way

to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source

file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright"

line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General

Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your

option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even

the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General

Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to

the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO

WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under

certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public

License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they

could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright

disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at

compilers) written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989

Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your

program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications

with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this

License.

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REGULATORY NOTICES

FCC STATEMENT

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to

part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses

and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,

may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is

likely to cause harmful interference to radio communications, in which case the user will be required to

correct the interference at their own expense.

INFORMATION TO THE USER

If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by

turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of

the following measures:

Reorient the receiving antenna.

Relocate the equipment with respect to the receiver.

Move the equipment away from the receiver.

Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that equipment and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional

suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission

helpful:

How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems

This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No.

004-000-00345-4.

In order to meet FCC emissions limits, this equipment must be used only with cables which comply with IEEE

802.3.

CSA STATEMENT

This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment

Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur

du Canada.

CE STATEMENT (EUROPE)

VCCI STATEMENT

This product complies with the European Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and EMC Directive 89/336/EEC as

amended by European Directive 93/68/EEC.

Warning: This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in

which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

BSMI STATEMENT

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